4个谷子不育系主要农艺性状的配合力分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为测定4个谷子不育系的育种应用潜力,将4个不育系与5个恢复系按NCII不完全双列杂交方式配组,对其杂种F₁的7个主要农艺性状进行配合力分析,结果表明：所有组合的7个主要农艺性状存在显著差异。配合力分析,新选育不育系Y1A、Y2A一般配合力都一般,Y1A有利于选配大穗杂交谷子,Y2A则有利于选配矮秆、子粒饱满的杂交谷子;当地常用的2个不育系张1A、晋1A中,晋1A的一般配合力明显好于张1A,说明晋1A更适合于谷子中晚熟种植区。4个不育系所组配的20个组合中杂种优势不明显,7个主要农艺性状中,晋1A所组配的组合综合性状几乎都最优,组合晋1A×沧239产量最高;Y1A、Y2A和张1A所配组合综合性状高低各不相同。产量前3的组合分别为晋1A×沧239、Y2A×衡优17和张1A×朝阳谷子。分析表明,要想有强优势组合,不仅需要有较高的一般配合力亲本,亲本间还要有较高的特殊配合力。

关键词: 谷子, 不育系, 一般配合力, 特殊配合力

Abstract:

In order to determine the potential breeding of four millet CMS lines, the four CMS lines and five restorer lines were planted in NCII incomplete diallel cross, and the combining ability analysis of seven main agronomic traits of hybrid F₁ was conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences among the seven major agronomic traits in all combinations. According to the analysis of combining ability, the new breeding sterile lines Y1A and Y2A were generally in the general combining ability and Y1A was good for matching big ears, Y2A was good for matching dwarf and full grains of hybrid millet. The common combination of the two sterile line jin 1A was obviously better than zhang 1A, indicating that jin 1A was more suitable for the middle-late growing areas in millet. In the group of 4 sterile lines, there were no obvious heterosis in the group of 20 combinations. Among the 7 main agronomic traits, the combined composite characters of jin 1A were almost the best, and the combination of Jin 1A×Cang 239 had the highest yield in the group. The combined properties of Y1A, Y2A and Zhang 1A were in different levels. The top three parts of the production were Jin 1A×Cang 239, Y2A×Hengyou 17 and Zhang 1A×Chaoyang millet. The analysis showed that in order to have a strong combination advantages, it was necessary not only to have a higher general combining ability of parents, but also to have a higher special combining ability.

Key words: Millet, CMS, General combining ability, Special combining ability

李志华,穆婷婷,刘鑫,李会霞,田岗. 4个谷子不育系主要农艺性状的配合力分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (3): 61–67

Zhihua Li,Tingting Mu,Xin Liu,Huixia Li,Gang Tian. Combining Ability Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters of Four Millet Sterile Lines[J]. Crops, 2018(3): 61–67

图/表 6

表1

表2

各组合性状分析"

组合 Combination	株高(cm) Plant height	穗长(cm) Ear length	穗粗(cm) Spike width	穗重(g) Ear weight	穗粒重(g) Grain weight per ear	千粒重(g) 1000-grain weight	产量(kg/hm²) Yield
Y1A×朝阳谷子 Y1A×Chaoyangguzi	139.11	27.77	2.52	33.14	26.38	3.16	4 420.15
Y1A×衡优17 Y1A×Hengyou 17	139.00	27.49	2.40	31.10	26.90	2.96	2 457.95
Y1A×冀谷20 Y1A×Jigu 20	142.11	28.15	2.56	33.93	26.70	3.00	3 517.43
Y1A×冀谷26 Y1A×Jigu 26	131.33	26.55	2.35	32.51	27.52	2.98	3 695.65
Y1A×沧239 Y1A×Cang 239	124.33	24.10	2.33	26.08	22.93	3.04	3 904.76
Y2A×朝阳谷子 Y2A×Chaoyangguzi	132.89	24.07	2.43	26.07	22.63	3.13	3 118.28
Y2A×衡优17 Y2A×Hengyou 17	145.67	21.80	2.47	30.02	24.47	3.35	4 915.40
Y2A×冀谷20 Y2A×Jigu 20	128.44	24.72	2.41	30.75	25.46	3.03	4 553.42
Y2A×冀谷26 Y2A×Jigu 26	122.78	23.87	2.52	35.76	31.44	2.97	4 154.09
Y2A×沧239 Y1A×Cang 239	122.33	24.08	2.37	33.69	27.94	3.15	4 520.00
张1A×朝阳谷子 Zhang 1A×Chaoyangguzi	139.33	24.56	2.46	33.64	29.82	3.09	4 899.60
张1A×衡优17 Zhang 1A×Hengyou 17	137.00	24.52	2.37	29.82	25.76	2.88	4 706.33
组合 Combination	株高(cm) Plant height	穗长(cm) Ear length	穗粗(cm) Spike width	穗重(g) Ear weight	穗粒重(g) Grain weight per ear	千粒重(g) 1000-grain weight	产量(kg/hm²) Yield
张1A×冀谷20 Zhang 1A×Jigu 20	123.89	21.39	2.36	24.50	20.88	3.13	4 228.44
张1A×冀谷26 Zhang 1A×Jigu 26	124.11	24.04	2.50	32.21	28.39	2.87	4 266.67
张1A×沧239 Zhang 1A×Cang 239	127.56	24.15	2.57	36.49	30.05	2.99	4 722.90
晋1A×朝阳谷子 Jin 1A×Chaoyangguzi	141.56	29.32	2.67	34.80	23.00	3.21	4 569.18
晋1A×衡优17 Jin 1A×Hengyou 17	136.89	24.55	2.12	26.15	21.99	3.17	4 257.93
晋1A×冀谷20 Jin 1A×Jigu 20	134.22	27.93	2.71	34.87	32.15	3.25	4 752.67
晋1A×冀谷26 Jin 1A×Jigu 26	136.00	25.42	2.69	33.62	27.95	3.11	4 804.17
晋1A×沧239 Jin 1A×Cang 239	132.56	24.81	2.66	34.61	30.03	3.20	4 922.00

表2

表3

表4

表5

SCA效应值"

组合 Combination	株高 Plant height	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Spike width	穗重 Ear weight	穗粒重 Grain weight per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
Y1A×朝阳谷子 Y1A×Chaoyangguzi	4.5511	10.3539	2.0487	4.7270	-0.5172	2.5405	4.0602
Y1A×衡优17 Y1A×Hengyou 17	4.4676	9.2412	-2.7646	-1.6981	1.4400	-3.9459	-42.1344
Y1A×冀谷20 Y1A×Jigu 20	6.8058	11.8639	3.7070	7.2333	0.6744	-2.7568	-17.1918
Y1A×冀谷26 Y1A×Jigu 26	-1.2944	5.5058	-5.1510	2.7581	3.7591	-3.4595	-12.9961
Y1A×沧239 Y1A×Cang 239	-6.5553	-4.2302	-5.8790	-17.5792	-13.5460	-1.4054	-8.0732
Y2A×朝阳谷子 Y2A×Chaoyangguzi	-0.1253	-4.3494	-1.6321	-17.6172	-14.6622	1.5135	-26.5887
Y2A×衡优17 Y2A×Hengyou 17	9.4781	-13.3700	-0.0546	-5.1177	-7.7424	8.7568	15.7195
Y2A×冀谷20 Y2A×Jigu 20	-3.4656	-1.7664	-2.4410	-5.7403	-4.0016	-1.8919	7.1977
Y2A×冀谷26 Y2A×Jigu 26	-7.7244	-5.1442	1.8060	13.0232	18.5678	-3.6216	-2.2034
Y2A×沧239 Y1A×Cang 239	-8.0585	-4.3096	-4.2207	6.4590	5.3693	2.0541	6.4109
张1A×朝阳谷子 Zhang1A×Chaoyangguzi	4.7182	-2.4022	-1.6321	6.3294	12.4437	0.1081	15.3476
张1A×衡优17 Zhang1A×Hengyou 17	2.9645	-2.5611	-0.0546	-5.7687	-2.8703	-6.5405	10.7976
张1A×冀谷20 Zhang1A×Jigu 20	-6.8894	-14.9993	-2.4410	-22.5569	-21.2539	1.5676	-0.4531
张1A×冀谷26 Zhang1A×Jigu 26	-6.7223	-4.4686	1.8060	1.7942	7.0701	-6.9189	0.4470
张1A×沧239 Zhang1A×Cang 239	-4.1336	-4.0315	-4.2207	15.3208	13.3111	-2.9730	11.1878
晋1A×朝阳谷子 Jin1A×Chaoyangguzi	6.3883	16.5133	7.7922	9.9828	-13.2594	4.1622	7.5686
晋1A×衡优17 Jin1A×Hengyou 17	2.8810	-2.4419	-14.4134	-17.3707	-17.0681	2.8649	0.2412
晋1A×冀谷20 Jin1A×Jigu 20	0.8768	10.9897	9.6123	10.2009	13.6769	5.5135	1.6868
晋1A×冀谷26 Jin1A×Jigu 26	2.2129	1.0153	8.6416	6.2472	5.3807	0.7027	13.1009
晋1A×沧239 Jin1A×Cang 239	-0.3758	-1.4087	7.5899	9.3729	13.2281	3.7297	15.8749

表5

表6

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亲本 Parent	株高(cm) Plant height	穗长(cm) Ear length	穗粗(cm) Spike width	穗重(g) Ear weight	穗粒重(g) Grain weight per ear	千粒重(g) 1000-grain weight
Y1A	114.67	23.50	2.30	-	-	3.34
Y2A	100.17	19.17	2.10	-	-	3.07
张1A Zhang 1A	113.95	20.83	2.60	-	-	3.64
晋1A Jin 1A	124.97	22.50	2.20	-	-	3.43
朝阳谷子Chaoyangguzi	154.83	25.27	2.70	21.91	16.75	3.02
衡优17 Hengyou 17	156.30	25.93	2.70	20.00	14.40	2.76
冀谷20 Jigu 20	131.00	23.83	2.90	23.75	17.66	2.79
冀谷26 Jigu 26	138.17	23.57	2.10	23.42	18.65	3.10
沧239 Cang 239	134.33	22.17	2.35	27.38	22.51	3.05

变异来源 Source of variation	株高 Plant height	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Spike width	穗重 Ear weight	穗粒重 Grain weight per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
组合Combination	4.82^**	4.28^**	1.58^**	2.53^**	2.70^**	4.54^**	1.00^**
P1	1.85^**	5.85^**	0.96^**	0.20	0.06	5.27^**	2.96^**
P2	5.09^**	1.20^**	1.07^**	0.71^**	1.04^**	1.19^**	0.31
P1×P2	2.42^**	2.36^**	1.57^**	3.12^**	3.14^**	2.65^**	0.86^**

亲本 Parent	株高 Plant height	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Spike width	穗重 Ear weight	穗粒重 Grain weight per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
Y1A	1.5950	6.5469	-1.6078	-0.9118	-1.6379	-1.8054	-15.2671
Y2A	-1.9791	-5.7879	-1.3085	-1.7986	-0.4938	1.3622	0.1072
张1A Zhang 1A	-2.0125	-5.6925	-0.9283	-0.9763	1.7401	-2.9514	7.4654
晋1A Jin 1A	2.3967	4.9335	3.8445	3.6866	0.3916	3.3946	7.6945
朝阳谷子Chaoyangguzi	3.8831	5.0289	1.9273	0.8555	-3.9988	2.0811	0.0969
衡优17 Hengyou 17	4.9478	-2.2830	-5.3330	-7.4888	-6.5602	0.2838	-3.8440
冀谷20 Jigu 20	-0.6681	1.5220	1.5330	-2.7158	-2.7261	0.6081	-2.1901
冀谷26 Jigu 26	-3.3820	-0.7729	1.5532	5.9557	8.6944	-3.3243	-0.4129
沧239 Cang 239	-4.7808	-3.4950	0.3195	3.3933	4.5906	0.3514	6.3501

遗传参数 Genetic parameter	株高 Plant height	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Spike width	穗重 Ear weight	穗粒重 Grain weight per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
GCA方差Vg (%)	67.04	63.87	4.38	0.00	1.45	59.33	100.0
SCA方差Vs (%)	32.96	36.13	95.62	100.00	98.55	40.67	0.0
广义遗传力hB2 (%)	30.04	25.56	5.14	16.13	16.48	26.68	14.4
狭义遗传力hN2 (%)	20.14	16.32	0.23	0.00	0.24	15.83	14.4