不同玉米自交系子粒脱水速率及其与主要影响性状的相关分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确不同群体玉米自交系子粒脱水特征差异和影响玉米脱水速率的主要性状与子粒脱水间的关系,以陕A群、陕B群选育的8份玉米自交系和2份骨干自交系（昌7-2和PH4CV）为试验材料,分析了不同玉米自交系的子粒脱水速率、收获期子粒含水率、子粒灌浆速率、苞叶性状、果穗性状、叶面积、叶绿素含量、株高、穗位高及产量构成等变化特征及其与子粒脱水间的相互关系。结果表明：不同玉米自交系子粒脱水速率呈现“快–慢–较快–慢–较快–慢”的变化趋势。子粒脱水速率与收获期子粒含水率、苞叶平均含水率、苞叶层数、苞叶长度、穗粗、粒长、粒宽、叶面积、SPAD值、子粒灌浆天数等性状呈显著负相关关系,与苞叶脱水速率存在显著正相关关系,与株高、穗位高和子粒产量间相关性不显著。不同自交系间的子粒脱水速率、收获期子粒含水率、苞叶含水率、苞叶脱水速率等指标差异明显,KB043、KA105和KB024自交系的子粒脱水速率快、产量较高,可在宜机收品种选育时作为快速脱水材料加以考虑。

关键词: 玉米, 自交系, 脱水速率, 相关分析

Abstract:

This study was set up to explore the characteristics and difference of grain dehydration rate of different groups (Shaan A group and Shaan B group) of maize inbred lines, to analyse major related factors characters affecting grain dehydration rate of maize. Eight maize inbred lines from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups and 2 elite inbred lines (‘chang7-2’, ‘PH4CV’) were used as the test materials. The change characteristics of grain dehydration rate, grain water content in harvest period, grain filling rate, husk characters, ear characters, leaf area, chlorophyll content, plant height, ear height and yield components in different maize inbred lines were analyzed. The relationships between all traits and grain dehydration rate were studied. The results showed that the changes of different maize inbred lines in grain dehydration rate were “fast-slow-faster-slow-faster-slow”. There was a significant negative correlation between the grain dehydration rate and grain moisture content at harvest, the moisture content of bracts, the number of bract layers, the length of bract, the ear diameter, the grain length, the grain width, the leaf area, the SPAD value and the days of grain filling. There was a significant positive correlation between the dehydration rate of grain and the dehydration rate of bract. The correlations between the grain dehydration rate with the plant height, ear height, yield and the other traits was not significant. There were significant differences in grain dehydration rate, grain moisture content at harvest, husk moisture content, husk dehydration rate and other various related indexes among different maize inbred lines. KB043, KA105 and KB024 can be considered as breeding materials for machnical harvesting due to their high grain dehydration rates and higher yields.

Key words: Maize, Inbred line, Dehydration rate, Correlation analysis

陈广周,王广福,渠建洲,司雷勇,金岩,徐淑兔,薛吉全,路海东. 不同玉米自交系子粒脱水速率及其与主要影响性状的相关分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (5): 33–39

Chen Guangzhou,Wang Guangfu,Qu Jianzhou,Si Leiyong,Jin Yan,Xu Shutu,Xue Jiquan,Lu Haidong. Study on Grain Dehydration Rate and Correlation Analysis of Major Related Characters in Different Maize Inbred Lines[J]. Crops, 2018(5): 33–39

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指标Index	KB043	KB593	KB024	KA105	KA106	KA109	KB102	昌7-2 Chang7-2	PH4CV	91227	F
单株叶面积Leaf area per plant (cm²)	2 752b	3 746ab	3 498ab	4 096ab	4 740a	3 835ab	3 815ab	4 023ab	3 621b	4 043ab	3.99^*
SPAD值SPAD value	49.2ab	51.1ab	46.4b	50.6ab	52.9ab	47.9ab	58.7a	51.2ab	44.0b	53.7ab	3.93^*
株高Plant height (cm)	175.6de	185.8d	174.6de	222.8b	242.6a	227.0b	160.0e	163.3e	206.4c	206.9c	61.19^**
穗位高Ear height (cm)	67.9abc	66.5abc	56.9cd	59.6bc	72.7ab	73.7ab	47.9d	78.6a	67.9abc	76.4a	10.93^**

指标Index	KB043	KB593	KB024	KA105	KA106	KA109	KB102	昌7-2 Chang7-2	PH4CV	91227	F
穗长Ear length (cm)	13.9b	16.1a	16.3a	13.9b	15.0ab	15.6ab	15.6ab	9.9c	13.8b	14.3ab	16.68^**
穗粗Ear width (cm)	4.05bc	3.83cd	3.47d	3.91bc	4.45a	4.25ab	3.87d	4.05bc	3.65d	3.74cd	12.25^**
轴粗Cob diameter (cm)	2.42bc	2.75cd	2.24d	2.70bc	2.78ab	2.90a	2.25d	2.69bc	2.64d	2.35cd	17.87^**
穗行数Rows per ear	16ab	18a	18a	16ab	18a	16ab	12c	16ab	14bc	16ab	5.56^**
行粒数Kernels per row	23abc	21bc	26abc	28a	28a	25abc	22abc	21abc	20c	23abc	4.26^**
粒长Grain length (cm)	0.72ab	0.54c	0.62bc	0.65abc	0.84a	0.68abc	0.81abc	0.60abc	0.51c	0.70abc	5.22^**
粒宽Grain width (cm)	0.72bc	0.66c	0.63c	0.65c	0.72bc	0.81ab	0.86a	0.73bc	0.69bc	0.74bc	7.50^**
粒厚Grain thickness (cm)	0.52cd	0.61ab	0.51cd	0.46d	0.49cd	0.55bc	0.64a	0.44d	0.51cd	0.55bc	10.06^**

指标Index	KB043	KB593	KB024	KA105	KA106	KA109	KB102	昌7-2 Chang 7-2	PH4CV	91227	F
苞叶脱水速率Husk dehydration rate (%/d)	1.45a	1.40a	1.41a	1.06c	1.14b	0.96de	1.00cd	1.37a	1.12b	0.91e	167.50^**
苞叶含水率Husk moisture content (%)	65.81ab	63.18b	67.60a	66.93a	68.17a	69.47a	69.51a	66.49ab	67.55a	69.54a	38.52^**
苞叶层数Number of husk	9d	13a	13a	11bc	10cd	10cd	8e	11bc	10cd	11bc	29.37^**
苞叶长度Length of husk (cm)	16.94b	20.07ab	16.96b	18.83ab	22.67a	21.94a	22.16a	12.95c	16.77b	22.93a	6.68^**

指标Index	KB043	KB593	KB024	KA105	KA106	KA109	KB102	昌7-2 Chang7-2	PH4CV	91227	F
百粒干重100-grain dry weight (g)	20.87cd	16.28de	15.93e	20.69cd	22.69bc	25.98ab	27.46a	18.67cd	21.10bc	21.70bc	86.45^**
子粒灌浆速率Grain filling rate [g/(100 grain·d)]	0.65^a	0.50^f	0.49^g	0.57^c	0.55^d	0.64^b	0.65^a	0.46^h	0.65^a	0.51^e	100.2^**
灌浆天数Filling days (d)	35e	37de	38de	39cde	41bcd	43abc	44ab	43abc	36de	46a	16.43^**
产量Yield (kg/hm²)	5445b	4320b	4770b	7800a	7920a	6960a	4320b	4140b	4815b	5595b	21.87^**

性状Trait	R	性状Trait	R
苞叶层数(X₁) Number of husk	-0.744^*	灌浆天数(X₈) Filling days	-0.761^*
苞叶长度(X₂) Length of husk	-0.745^*	粒长(X₉) Grain length	-0.635^*
苞叶含水率(X₃) Husk moisture content	-0.632^*	粒厚Grain thickness	-0.096
苞叶脱水速率(X₄) Husk dehydration rate	0.662^*	粒宽(X₁₀) Grain width	-0.632^*
穗长Ear length	0.109	百粒干重100-grain dry weight	-0.517
穗粗(X₅) Ear width	-0.671^*	子粒灌浆速率Grain filling rate	0.139
株高Plant height	-0.324	收获期子粒含水率(X₁₁) Grain moisture content at harvest	-0.886^**
穗位高Ear height	-0.215	穗行数Rows per ear	0.157
叶面积(X₆) Leaf area	-0.795^**	行粒数Grains per row	-0.207
SPAD值(X₇) SPAD value	-0.633^*	产量Yield	-0.321