作物杂志,2019, 第1期: 90–96 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.01.015

所属专题: 水稻专题

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮效率水稻品种叶片光合作用及氮利用特征的差异分析

尹晓明,李辰   

  1. 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,210095,江苏南京
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-22 出版日期:2019-02-15 发布日期:2019-02-01
  • 基金资助:
    江苏高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(PPZY2015A061);中央高校基本科研业务费科技平台实验技术项目

Differences in Leaf Photosynthesis and Assimilation of Nitrogen Between Two Rice Cultivars Differing in Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Xiaoming Yin,Chen Li   

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2018-11-22 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-02-01

摘要:

以扬稻6(氮高效品种)、武玉粳3(氮低效品种)为材料,在含有2.86mmol/L NH4 +溶液培养条件下,分别在开花期和灌浆期分析了中位叶、旗叶的净光合速率、氮同化酶的活性、叶片氮含量与转移率以及对子粒的贡献。结果表明:(1)旗叶的净光合速率显著高于中位叶;扬稻6旗叶的净光合速率显著高于武玉粳3,而中位叶净光合速率在品种间差异不显著。(2)硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(GSA)是中位叶高于旗叶、灌浆期高于开花期、扬稻6高于武玉粳3。从开花到灌浆期,旗叶可溶性糖含量呈增加的趋势,而中位叶可溶性糖含量呈减少的趋势。旗叶可溶性糖含量高于中位叶、扬稻6高于武玉粳3。可溶性蛋白含量呈下降的趋势,扬稻6可溶性蛋白含量高于武玉粳3。扬稻6、武玉粳3中位叶可溶性蛋白的转出率分别是50.3%、37.6%;旗叶可溶性蛋白的转出率分别是69.5%、44.4%。(3)中位叶总氮积累量显著高于旗叶、开花期显著高于灌浆期。扬稻6中位叶、旗叶氮转移量分别为35.6%、34.7%;武玉粳3中位叶、旗叶氮转移量分别为26.9%、35.3%。(4)去除中位叶,子粒氮分别比对照减少了6.9%(扬稻6)、4.6%(武玉粳3);子粒产量分别比对照减少了7.3%(扬稻6)、4.9%(武玉粳3)。去除旗叶,子粒氮分别比对照减少了10.5%(扬稻6)和9.2%(武玉粳3);子粒产量分别比对照减少了13.8%(扬稻6)、11.1%(武玉粳3),表明旗叶对子粒氮和产量的贡献更大。总之,氮高效品种旗叶光合作用和氮同化能力显著高于氮低效品种,另一方面,其中位叶储存的氮也能及时转移到子粒中,提高了氮效率,这反映了不同氮效率品种氮素利用差异的机制。

关键词: 水稻品种, 叶片, 光合作用, 氮素利用效率

Abstract:

Two rice cultivars,Yangdao 6 (a cultivar with high N use efficiency) and Wuyujing 3 (a cultivar with low N use efficiency) were hydroponically grown in nutrient solutions containing 2.86mmol/L NH4 +. Several physiological indexes in mid-position and flag leaves, such as net photosynthetic rate, the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR), content of soluble sugar and protein, content and transition of N and its contribution to grain N accumulation and yields were conducted. The results were as follows: (1) Net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves were always higher than that of mid-position leaves at the stage of anthesis or grain filling. As for cultivars, net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves in Yangdao 6 was significantly higher than that in Wuyujing 3 (P<0.05), while it showed no significant differences between the mid-position leaves at the stage of anthesis. Furthermore, it was higher in flag leaves than that in mid-position leaves and higher in Yangdao 6 than that in Wuyujing 3. (2) NRA and GSA were higher in mid-position leaves than that in flag leaves and were higher at grain filling stage than at anthesis stage. Also, they were significantly higher in Yangdao 6 than that in Wuyujing 3. From flowering to grain filling stage, content of soluble sugar exhibited increase in flag leaves while decrease in mid-position leaves, respectively. Content of soluble protein decreased, and it was higher in Yangdao 6 than that in Wuyujing 3. The transported soluble protein in mid-position and flag leaves in Yangdao 6, Wuyujing 3 were 50.3%, 37.6% and 69.5%, 44.4%, respectively. (3) Total N accumulation in mid-position leaves was higher than that in flag leaves and was higher at anthesis stage than at grain filling stage. As for cultivars, the amount of total N accumulation and transition in mid-position and flag leaves in Yangdao 6, Wuyujing 3 were 35.6% and 34.7%, 26.9% and 35.3%, respectively. (4) Grain N content and grain yields were significantly reduced under treatments of cutting leaves. Grain N content was decreased by 6.9% in Yangdao 6 and 4.6% in Wuyujing 3 when removed mid-position leaves and decreased by 10.5% in Yangdao 6 and 9.2% in Wuyujing 3 when removed flag leaves. Grain yields were decreased by 7.3% in Yangdao 6 and 4.9% in Wuyujing 3 when removed mid-position leaves and decreased by 13.8% in Yangdao 6 and 11.1% in Wuyujing 3 when removed flag leaves. This suggested that flag leaves contributed largely to the accumulation of grain N and the production of yields. In general, net photosynthesis rate and N assimilation were significantly higher in cultivars with high N use efficiency than those in cultivars with low N use efficiency. On the other hand, N stored in mid-position leaves in cultivars with high N use efficiency can be transferred to the kernel to reutilize, thereby, N use efficiency was improved. This indicated there were different mechanisms in the N use efficiency between various rice cultivars.

Key words: Rice cultivars, Leaves, Photosynthesis, Nitrogen use efficiency

图1

2个水稻品种开花期、灌浆期中位叶、旗叶净光合速率和光合气体交换参数的变化 ML-a、FL-a分别代表开花期中位叶、旗叶;ML-f、FL-f分别代表灌浆期中位叶、旗叶;不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著,下同"

图2

2个水稻品种开花期、灌浆期中位叶、旗叶NRA、GSA的变化"

图3

2个水稻品种开花期、灌浆期中位叶、旗叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量的变化"

图4

2个水稻品种开花期、灌浆期中位叶、旗叶氮积累量和转移量的变化"

图5

去叶处理对水稻子粒氮积累量和子粒产量的影响 ML-d:去除中位叶;FL-d:去除旗叶;CK:对照"

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