冬小麦不同茎蘖生产力对立体匀播技术的响应

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确小麦立体匀播技术对茎蘖生产力的影响,完善小麦立体匀播技术提高小麦生产力的理论,以多穗型品种藁优2018为试验材料,采用立体匀播和常规条播2种播种方式,探讨了立体匀播对茎蘖叶片光合速率、子粒灌浆特性、生物产量、子粒产量和收获指数的影响。结果表明,与常规条播相比,立体匀播处理的主茎千粒重与之相等;第一子蘖（1蘖）旗叶灌浆期的净光合速率（P_n）提高了0.3%,达到最大灌浆速率的时间、缓慢增长期、指数增长期、增长滞缓期分别延长了0.12、0.12、0.11、0.12d,千粒重和单穗粒重分别增加了0.5和0.03g;第二子蘖（2蘖）P_n提高了8.0%,并且随着灌浆期推进其下降幅度减缓,最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、千粒重分别提高了2.0%、1.8%、2.3g,成熟期单株生物产量、单穗粒重和收获指数分别增加了0.3g、0.11g和0.02。综合以上结果得出,立体匀播处理在保持主茎粒重不降低的同时,提高了1蘖P_n,延长了灌浆持续期,进而提高了粒重;提高了2蘖的P_n和子粒灌浆速率,进而提高了粒重;并且缩小了1蘖、2蘖与主茎粒重之间的差异,提高了茎蘖群体的整齐度,进而提高了单株和群体生产力。

关键词: 立体匀播, 小麦, 灌浆速率, 光合速率, 粒重

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of tridimensional uniform sowing (TUS) on productive capacity of wheat tillers, improve the high yield potentiality of TUS technology theory,we conducted a test with the variety of Gaoyou 2018 (much tillers), two sowing patterns including TUS and conventional drilling (CD), and discussed the effect of TUS on net photosynthetic rate (P_n), grain filling characteristics, biomass, grain yield and harvest index among different tillers. The results showed that compared with CD, 1000-kernel weight of the main stem (Z) in TUS unchanged. In the first tiller (1N), P_n of flag leaf increased by 0.3% at grain filling stage; the duration, slow increase period, exponential increase period, stopping growth period of grain weight reaching the maximum grain filling rate extended 0.12, 0.12, 0.11, 0.12d; respectively. 1000-kernel weight and kernels weight per spike increased 0.5 and 0.03g, respectively. In the second tiller (2N), P_n increased by 8.0%, and decreased slowly with the development of grain filling process. The maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, 1000-kernel weight increased by 2.0%, 1.8%, 2.3g, respectively; The biomass, kernels weight per spike, harvest index increased 0.3g, 0.11g, 0.02. respectively. In conclusion, TUS remained 1000-kernel weight of the main stem to be not reduced, and improved P_n, grain filling duration as well as kernel weight in 1N simultaneously. Moreover, TUS also improved P_n, grain filling rate and kernel weight in 2N. The difference of kernel weight among 1N, 2N and Z was reduced, the uniformity of tillers was improved, and the productive capacity per plant and population were increased under TUS.

Key words: Tridimensional uniform sowing, Wheat, Grain filling rate, Photosynthetic rate, Kernel weight

陶志强, 王艳杰, 王德梅, 杨玉双, 徐哲莉, 赵广才, 常旭虹. 冬小麦不同茎蘖生产力对立体匀播技术的响应[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (2): 110–114

Zhiqiang Tao, Yanjie Wang, Demei Wang, Yushuang Yang, Zheli Xu, Guangcai Zhao, Xuhong Chang. Response of Productive Capacity among Tillers in Winter Wheat to Tridimensional Uniform Sowing[J]. Crops, 2019(2): 110–114

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项目Item	立体匀播Tridimensional uniform sowing			常规条播Conventional drilling
项目Item	主茎Z	1蘖1N	2蘖2N	主茎Z	1蘖1N	2蘖2N
穗粒数Kernels per spike	34.8a	34.3a	34.0a	35.0a	34.0a	33.3a
小穗数Spikelets per spike	19.0ab	18.7ab	18.0c	19.7a	18.0ab	17.7c
不孕小穗数Sterile spikelets per spike	1.0a	1.0a	1.3a	1.0a	1.2a	1.3a
千粒重1000-kernel weight (g)	45.3a	44.7ab	43.8b	45.3a	44.2b	41.5c
单穗粒重Kernels weight per spike (g)	1.58a	1.53ab	1.49b	1.59a	1.50ab	1.38c
理论单产Theoretical yield (kg/hm²)	11 257.5			10 260.0

项目Item	立体匀播 Tridimensional uniform sowing			常规条播 Conventional drilling
项目Item	主茎Z	1蘖1N	2蘖2N	主茎Z	1蘖1N	2蘖2N
最大千粒重The final 1000-kernel weight (g)	47.83ab	47.08abc	46.12bcd	48.67a	47.17ab	45.36cd
达到最大灌浆速率的时间Time to reach the maximum grain filling rate (d)	14.41a	14.40a	14.30a	14.35a	14.28a	14.38a
最大灌浆速率The maximum grain filling rate [mg/(粒·d)]	2.55ab	2.51abc	2.54abc	2.60a	2.52abc	2.49abc
平均灌浆速率Mean grain filling rate [mg/(粒·d)]	1.70ab	1.67abc	1.69abc	1.73a	1.68abc	1.66abc
灌浆活跃期The active grain filling period^(d)	28.14a	28.14a	27.27a	28.14a	28.14a	27.30a
粒重缓慢增长期Slow increase period of kernel weight (d)	4.99b	4.97b	5.16b	4.92b	4.85b	5.24ab
粒重指数增长期Exponential increase period of kernel weight (d)	17.34a	17.32ab	17.13abc	17.27abc	17.21abc	17.22abc
粒重增长滞缓期Stopping growth period of kernel weight (d)	35.96a	35.95a	35.18ab	35.90a	35.83ab	35.27ab