施氮量对豫北冬小麦产量及子粒主要矿质元素含量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以兰考矮早8、豫麦49-198和平安8号为材料,设置5个氮素水平（0、120、180、240、360kg/hm ²）,研究不同施氮量对豫北冬小麦子粒产量及其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明：子粒中N与B（r=0.879）、N与Mg（r=0.858）、Mg与Zn（r=0.871）、Mg与B（r=0.877）含量间相关系数较高。施氮显著提高了子粒N、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、B含量,K、Mg含量受施氮量影响较小,但P和Mn含量明显下降。兰考矮早8子粒中各种矿质元素（除B外）含量明显高于平安8号,豫麦49-198介于二者之间。施氮在提高小麦子粒产量的同时降低了P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn的值,增强了Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的生物有效性。此外,研究发现施氮量达到180kg/hm ²后,继续增施氮肥小麦产量难以提升。可见,合理的氮肥管理可以提高豫北地区冬小麦产量及子粒中微量元素的含量;过量施氮不仅难以提高子粒产量,还会降低子粒P和Mn的含量。

关键词: 氮肥, 小麦, 子粒, 矿质元素, 微量元素, 生物有效性

Abstract:

Lankaoaizao 8 (LKAZ8), Yumai 49-198 (YM49-198) and Ping′an 8 (PA8) were selected as experimental materials. Five N levels (0, 120, 180, 240 and 360kg/hm ²) were conducted. The effects of different N application rates on the contents of mineral elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in winter wheat were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of N, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and B in wheat grains increased with increasing of N application rates. K and Mg concentration of grains were less affected by N application, but the contents of P and Mn were significantly decreased with the increasing of N application rates. Highly significant positive correlations between the concentrations of N and B (r=0.879), N and Mg (r=0.858), Mg and Zn (r=0.871), and Mg and B (r=0.877) were also observed. The concentration of various mineral elements (except B) in the grains of LKAZ8 was significantly higher than that of PA8, and YM49-198 was situated between them. Application of N fertilizer increased the grain yield of wheat, reducing the ratio of P/Ca, P/Mg, P/Fe and P/Zn, and enhancing the bioavailability of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn. In addition, it was found that the yield of wheat could not be increased by increasing N fertilizer after the application rate of nitrogen reached 180kg/hm ². Hence, reasonable N fertilizer management could increase the yield of winter wheat and the content of medium and microelements in northern Henan. Excessive N application was not only difficult to increase grain yield, but also reduced the content of P and Mn in the grains.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Wheat, Grain, Mineral element, Microelement, Bioavailability

黄玉芳,叶优良,赵亚南,岳松华,白红波,汪洋. 施氮量对豫北冬小麦产量及子粒主要矿质元素含量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (5): 104–108

Huang Yufang,Ye Youliang,Zhao Yanan,Yue Songhua,Bai Hongbo,Wang Yang. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield and Mineral Concentrations of Winter Wheat Grains in the North of Henan Province[J]. Crops, 2019(5): 104–108

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品种Variety	处理Treatment	Ca	Mg	Fe	Mn	Cu	Zn	B
兰考矮早8	N₀	621.1b	1 283.4a	41.3c	35.0a	3.9b	26.0b	13.55b
Lankaoaizao 8	N₁₂₀	643.1ab	1 220.7a	47.3b	33.8ab	4.3ab	27.3b	15.77b
	N₁₈₀	639.2b	1 324.7a	54.0ab	34.9ab	5.0a	28.6ab	15.99b
	N₂₄₀	666.9a	1 330.7a	55.6ab	33.1ab	5.1a	31.2ab	17.99a
	N₃₆₀	657.4ab	1 369.6a	59.0a	30.6b	4.8ab	32.2a	18.39a
	均值Mean	643.5	1 305.8	51.4	33.5	4.6	29.1	16.34
豫麦49-198	N₀	523.8c	1 266.9b	39.8b	32.9a	3.6c	25.9b	17.69b
Yumai 49-198	N₁₂₀	535.1c	1 264.8a	41.0b	30.2ab	4.2b	25.4b	17.01b
	N₁₈₀	581.0b	1 306.4a	42.9ab	30.8ab	4.8ab	27.2ab	18.47ab
	N₂₄₀	613.0a	1 370.3a	43.1ab	28.5b	5.0a	28.4a	21.80a
	N₃₆₀	602.6ab	1 380.5a	51.0a	26.6b	4.8ab	28.6a	22.35a
	均值Mean	567.1	1 317.8	43.6	29.8	4.5	27.1	19.48
平安8号	N₀	521.2b	1 086.2a	37.5b	26.7a	3.4b	23.8b	10.10c
Ping′an 8	N₁₂₀	531.8b	1 133.1a	38.9b	26.0a	3.6ab	23.8b	18.06b
	N₁₈₀	578.8a	1 166.8a	40.5b	26.1a	4.0a	24.6ab	22.33ab
	N₂₄₀	585.1a	1 183.5a	44.8ab	25.9a	3.9a	25.5a	22.76ab
	N₃₆₀	577.7a	1 199.9a	47.0a	25.3a	4.1a	25.6a	24.28a
	均值Mean	558.9	1 153.9	41.7	26.0	3.8	24.7	19.51

项目Item	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Mn	Cu	Zn	B
产量Yield	0.840^**	-0.385	0.168	-0.721^**	-0.814^**	-0.825^**	-0.254	-0.617^*	-0.790^**	-0.816^**
N		-0.410	0.145	-0.764^**	-0.858^**	-0.862^**	-0.512^*	-0.699^**	-0.740^**	-0.879^**
P			0.148	-0.202	-0.261	-0.434	-0.807^**	-0.264	-0.261	-0.390
K				-0.485	-0.203	-0.058	-0.051	-0.287	-0.271	-0.300
Ca					-0.742^**	-0.644^**	-0.274	-0.814^**	-0.691^**	-0.798^**
Mg						-0.837^**	-0.422	-0.687^**	-0.871^**	-0.877^**
Fe							-0.450	-0.795^**	-0.795^**	-0.845^**
Mn								-0.332	-0.336	-0.564
Cu									-0.607^*	-0.750^**
Zn										-0.821^**

品种 Variety	处理Treatment	P/Ca	P/Mg	P/Fe	P/Zn
兰考矮早8	N₀	5.08a	2.46a	76.29a	121.18a
Lankaoaizao 8	N₁₂₀	4.39b	2.31a	59.73b	103.26b
	N₁₈₀	4.78a	2.30a	56.59bc	106.81b
	N₂₄₀	4.41ab	2.21ab	52.93bc	94.24bc
	N₃₆₀	4.28b	2.02b	46.99c	86.05c
	均值Mean	4.59	2.26	58.51	102.31
豫麦49-198	N₀	6.09a	2.54a	80.09a	123.27a
Yumai 49-198	N₁₂₀	5.24ab	2.25ab	68.41b	110.51ab
	N₁₈₀	4.96b	2.20ab	67.08b	105.77b
	N₂₄₀	4.76b	2.13b	67.74b	102.56bc
	N₃₆₀	4.55b	1.92b	51.98c	92.48c
	均值Mean	5.12	2.21	67.06	106.92
平安8号	N₀	4.66a	2.24a	64.81a	102.31a
Ping′an 8	N₁₂₀	4.41ab	2.07a	60.24ab	98.34a
	N₁₈₀	4.13b	2.05a	59.10ab	97.22ab
	N₂₄₀	4.09b	2.02a	61.71a	93.88b
	N₃₆₀	4.15b	2.00a	51.00b	93.70b
	均值Mean	4.29	2.08	59.37	97.09