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作物杂志,2019, 第5期: 28–36 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.005

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米自交系幼苗生物量积累及根系形态对两种氮素水平的反应及聚类分析

师赵康1,2,赵泽群1,2,张远航1,2,徐世英1,2,王宁1,2,王伟杰1,2,程皓1,2,邢国芳1,2,冯万军1,2   

  1. 1 山西农业大学农学院,030801,山西太谷
    2 山西农业大学农业生物工程研究所,030801,山西太谷
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-09 修回日期:2019-06-05 出版日期:2019-10-15 发布日期:2019-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 邢国芳,冯万军
  • 作者简介:师赵康,硕士研究生,主要从事氮素利用分子机制研究
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001-02);山西省自然科学基金(201701D221186);山西省科技创新基金(2014020)

The Response and Cluster Analysis of Biomass Accumulation and Root Morphology of Maize Inbred Lines Seedlings to Two Nitrogen Application Levels

Shi Zhaokang1,2,Zhao Zequn1,2,Zhang Yuanhang1,2,Xu Shiying1,2,Wang Ning1,2,Wang Weijie1,2,Cheng Hao1,2,Xing Guofang1,2,Feng Wanjun1,2   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    2 Institute of Agricultural Bioengineer, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2019-05-09 Revised:2019-06-05 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07
  • Contact: Guofang Xing,Wanjun Feng

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摘要：

为探讨低氮胁迫对玉米自交系幼苗生物量和根系形态的影响,以35份玉米自交系为材料,测定了两个氮素水平处理后14d玉米幼苗的单株干重、地上部干重、根干重、根冠比、总根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径、侧根数和初生根长。结果表明,低氮胁迫下玉米幼苗根干重、根冠比、根总表面积、根体积、侧根数、根平均直径和初生根长显著增加,地上部干重和单株干重显著减小,而总根长没有明显变化。通过主成分分析和聚类分析发现,同一氮素水平下,玉米幼苗各性状的综合表现存在基因型差异,且在正常氮素和低氮条件下均可以分为6组。低氮处理后,选取的9个自交系地上部氮素积累量均显著降低,PH4CV、B73和XY4的根系氮素积累量显著增加,其余6个自交系显著降低。此外,只有XY4的氮素吸收和利用效率均较高。综合分析表明,XY4是低氮高效型玉米自交系。

关键词: 玉米, 氮素, 生物量积累, 根系形态, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of low nitrogen stress on the biomass and root morphology of seedling of maize inbred lines seeding, 14 days after treatment with two nitrogen levels, the dry weight per plant, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, total root length, root surface area, root volume, root average diameter, lateral root number and primary root length of 35 pieces of classical maize inbred lines were assessed. The results showed that Under low nitrogen stress, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root surface area, root volume, lateral root number, root average diameter and primary root length of maize seedlings increased significantly, shoot dry weight and dry weight per plant reduced significantly, while the total root length did not change significantly. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that there were genotypic differences in the traits of maize seedlings under the same nitrogen level, and they could be divided into 6 groups under normal nitrogen and low nitrogen condition. Under low nitrogen treatment, the nitrogen accumulation in shoot of 9 inbred lines were significantly reduced in comparison with normal nitrogen level. The nitrogen accumulation in roots of PH4CV, B73 and XY4 increased significantly, while the other 6 lines decreased significantly. In addition, only XY4 had a high nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency. The comprehensive analysis showed that XY4 was a low-nitrogen high efficiency maize inbred line.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen, Biomass accumulation, Root morphology, Principal components analysis, Cluster analysis

表1

两个氮素水平下不同玉米自交系生物量和根系性状"

性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 性状表现Performances of traits F
均值
Mean		 最大值
Max		 最小值
Min		 变异系数(%)
CV		 低氮效应(%)
Low nitrogen effect		 基因型
Genotype		 氮素
Nitrogen		 基因型×氮素
Genotype×Nitrogen
总根长(cm/株) NN 199.71 615.60 61.31 54.61 1.86 167.06** 3.69ns 104.95**
Total root length (cm/plant) (TRL)
 LN 203.43 331.26 76.36 37.89
根表面积(cm2/株) NN 17.58 48.92 6.30 48.51 8.63 76.97** 38.20** 48.53**
Root surface area (cm2/plant) (RSA) LN 19.10 35.78 8.01 40.43
根平均直径 NN 0.30 0.37 0.23 12.54 2.69 51.99** 20.35** 30.99**
Root average diameter (mm) (RAD)
 LN 0.31 0.44 0.21 16.24
根体积(cm3/株) NN 0.13 0.31 0.05 44.17 12.98 29.56** 29.08** 14.26**
Root volume (cm3/plant) (RV) LN 0.15 0.32 0.06 47.88
侧根数(个/株) NN 360.19 1 035.40 126.80 49.79 15.35 115.50** 147.76** 49.16**
Lateral root number (No./plant) (LRN) LN 415.47 776.40 212.40 39.88
初生根长(cm/株) NN 28.19 40.16 19.88 19.82 25.62 32.56** 479.50** 17.24**
Primary root length (cm/plant) (PRL) LN 35.42 49.92 17.80 22.52
地上部干重(mg/株) NN 119.88 202.80 60.74 33.24 -20.73 42.69** 217.92** 7.73**
Shoot dry weight (mg/plant) (SDW) LN 95.03 175.16 51.08 31.79
根干重(mg/株) NN 17.30 33.56 8.00 39.39 90.25 28.12** 798.92** 8.35**
Root dry weight (mg/plant) (RDW) LN 32.91 59.02 7.34 36.99
单株干重(mg/株) NN 137.57 236.36 69.34 32.76 -6.79 55.14** 26.85** 9.36**
Dry weight per plant (mg/plant) (PDW) LN 128.22 235.38 63.14 31.58
根冠比Root-shoot ratio (R/S) NN 0.146 0.268 0.091 23.03 136.69 21.67** 2 793.48** 12.52**
LN 0.345 0.584 0.131 24.89

表2

两个氮素水平下不同玉米自交系苗期10个性状间相关性分析"

LN条件下性状
Trait under LN condition		 NN条件下性状Trait under NN condition
SDW RDW PDW R/S PRL TRL RSA RAD RV LRN
SDW -0.82** -0.99** -0.04 -0.42* -0.70** -0.74** -0.29 0.75** 0.43**
RDW -0.79** -0.89** -0.50** -0.46** -0.70** -0.76** -0.33* 0.79** 0.44**
PDW -1.00** -0.85** -0.09 -0.45** -0.71** -0.76** -0.31 0.78** 0.43**
R/S -0.02 -0.57** -0.07 -0.12 -0.14 -0.18 -0.11 0.21 0.14
PRL -0.15 -0.13 -0.14 -0 -0.28 -0.41* -0.41* 0.50** 0.09
TRL -0.07 -0.43** -0.12 -0.65** -0.01 -0.92** -0.06 0.79** 0.76**
RSA -0.07 -0.43** -0.12 -0.64** -0.06 -0.98** -0.27 0.95** 0.74**
RAD -0 -0.16 -0.03 -0.26 -0.22 -0.44** -0.26 0.52** 0.03
RV -0.15 -0.48** -0.20 -0.59** -0.16 -0.85** -0.94** -0.02 0.64**
LRN -0.12 -0.47** -0.18 -0.66** -0.04 -0.91** -0.90** -0.37* 0.82**

图1

两种氮素水平下玉米幼苗生物量和根系性状的主成分分析 A、B分别表示NN条件下10个性状在主成分1和主成分2的投影和在主成分2和主成分3的投影,C、D分别表示在LN条件下10个性状在主成分1和主成分2的投影和在主成分2和主成分3的投影。点表示35份玉米自交系的位置,线代表量化各性状对主成分贡献的大小和方向的向量。PRL、RAD、LRN、SDW、PDW、RSA、RV、RDW、TRL和R/S分别表代初生根长、根平均直径、侧根数、地上部干重、单株干重、根表面积、根体积、根干重、总根长和根冠比。下同"

图2

两种氮素水平下35份玉米自交系基于不同性状的聚类分析"

图3

基于LN效应值的35份玉米自交系的聚类分析及各性状变异 A表示基于不同性状的LN效应值对35份玉米自交系的聚类;B表示不同组中的10个性状在正常氮素和低氮水平下的变化,图例中1、2、3、4和5代表不同组别;“*”表示两氮素处理差异显著（P<0.05）;不同小写字母代表同一氮素水平下组间差异显著（P<0.05）"

表3

9份玉米自交系氮素含量及氮素生理效率"

自交系
Intred line		 氮素处理
Nitrogen
treatment		 地上部氮素积累量(mg/株)
Shoot N accumulation
amount (mg/plant)		 根系氮素积累量(mg/株)
Root N accumulation
amount (mg/plant)		 单株氮素积累量(mg)
N accumulation
amount per plant		 氮素生理利用效率(%)
Physiological use
efficiency of N
Chang7-2 NN -02.680a -00.385a -03.065a 057.140b
LN -00.607b -00.129b -00.736b 131.820a
变化Change (%) -77.4 -66.5 -76.0 130.7
Zong3 NN -04.588a -00.337a -04.925a 048.030b
LN -00.900b -00.268b -01.167b 122.170a
变化Change (%) -80.4 -20.5 -76.3 154.3
PH6WC NN -02.261a -00.198a -02.460a 043.670b
LN -00.427b -00.114b -00.540b 131.640a
变化Change (%) -81.1 -42.7 -78.0 201.5
87-1 NN -01.872a -00.281a -02.153a 058.330b
LN -00.505b -00.103b -00.608b 182.130a
变化Change (%) -73.0 -63.3 -71.7 212.2
Mo17 NN -01.577a -00.168a -01.745a 055.900b
LN -00.429b -00.136b -00.565b 158.530a
变化Change (%) -72.8 -19.0 -67.6 183.6
B73 NN -02.417a -00.147b -02.565a 040.810b
LN -01.073b -00.210a -01.283b 077.930a
变化Change (%) -55.6 -42.7 -50.0 091.0
XY4 NN -03.179a -00.250b -03.429a 055.090b
LN -01.061b -00.291a -01.351b 149.190a
变化Change (%) -66.6 -16.3 -60.6 170.8
PH4CV NN -01.067a -00.138b -01.206a 062.180b
LN -00.695b -00.223a -00.918b 101.500a
变化Change (%) -34.9 -61.4 -23.8 063.2
Zheng58 NN -01.236a -00.191a -01.427a 057.140b
LN -00.619b -00.166b -00.785b 147.730a
变化Change (%) -49.9 -13.0 -45.0 158.5
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