水氮耦合对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害的调控效应

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究水氮耦合对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害的调控作用，以耐冷品种湘早籼6号和冷敏感品种中嘉早17为供试材料，设置适温不施氮（CK）、低温不施氮（LT-0N）、低温低氮（LT-LN）、低温高氮（LT-HN）、低温淹水不施氮（LTF-0N）、低温淹水低氮（LTF-LN）和低温淹水高氮（LTF-HN）7个处理，处理5d，分析秧苗农艺性状、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质、氮代谢相关酶与光合酶活性、内源激素含量等生理生态特性。结果表明，水氮耦合可缓解低温冷害对直播早籼稻造成的伤害。与LT-LN处理相比，LT-HN处理5d后冷敏感品种中嘉早17的苗高、根数、最大根长、鲜重、干重、顶部第1和第3片叶长显著增加；与LTF-0N处理相比，LTF-LN和LTF-HN处理5d后，不同耐性品种的根数、根长、鲜重和顶部第3片叶长显著增加，LTF-LN处理的根数和鲜重高于LTF-HN处理。与LT-0N处理相比，LT-HN和LTF-LN处理显著增加冷敏感品种中嘉早17叶片氮代谢相关酶和光合酶活性、硝态氮、叶绿素和内源生长促进类激素含量，但降低了叶片抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白、渗透调节物质和内源生长抑制类激素含量，高氮和淹水低氮处理可对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害起到缓解作用。

关键词: 直播早籼稻, 低温, 苗期, 水氮耦合, 生理特性

Abstract:

In order to study the control methods of water-nitrogen coupling on low temperature chilling damage of direct-seeded early indica rice at the seedling stage, the cold-tolerant cultivar Xiangzaoxian 6 and cold- sensitive cultivar Zhongjiazao 17 were used as materials, and seven treatments including ambient temperature no nitrogen (CK), low temperature plus no nitrogen (LT-0N), low temperature plus low nitrogen (LT-LN), low temperature plus high nitrogen (LT-HN), low temperature flooding plus no nitrogen (LTF-0N), low temperature flooding plus low nitrogen (LTF-LN) and low temperature flooding plus high nitrogen (LTF-HN) were established for five days to analyse the physiological characteristics such as agronomic characters, antioxidant enzyme activities, osmotic regulation substances, nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes and photosynthase activities, endogenous hormone contents of rice seedlings. The results showed that water-nitrogen coupling treatments could alleviate the injury caused by low temperature chilling damage to direct-seeded early indica rice, compared with LT-LN treatment, the seedling height, root number, maximum root length, fresh weight, dry weight, T1 (the first leaf from top) leaf length and T3 (the 3^rd leaf from top) leaf length of cold-sensitive cultivar Zhongjiazao 17 significantly increased after five days of LT-HN treatment; compared with LTF-0N treatment, the root number, root length, fresh weight and T3 leaf length of different tolerant cultivars increased significantly after five days of LTF-LN and LTF-HN treatments, the number of roots and fresh weight were higher in LTF-LN than that in LTF-HN. Compared with LT-0N treatment, LT-HN and LTF-LN treatments significantly increased the nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes, photosynthase activities, nitrate nitrogenin, chlorophyll and endogenous growth-promoting hormone contents in leaves of the cold-sensitive cultivar Zhongjiazao 17, but decreased leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, soluble protein, malonic dialdehyde, and endogenous growth- inhibiting hormones contents, high nitrogen and flooding low nitrogen treatments could alleviate low temperature cold damage in seedlings of direct-seeded early indica rice.

Key words: Direct-seeded early indica rice, Low temperature, Seedling stage, Water-nitrogen coupling, Physiological traits

王文霞, 吴自明, 曾勇军, 潘晓华, 石庆华, 曾研华. 水氮耦合对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害的调控效应[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (2): 83–90

Wang Wenxia, Wu Ziming, Zeng Yongjun, Pan Xiaohua, Shi Qinghua, Zeng Yanhua. Regulatory Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Low Temperature Chilling Damage of Direct-Seeded Early Indica Rice at Seedling Stage[J]. Crops, 2023(2): 83–90

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	苗高 Seedling height (cm)	根数 Root number	最大根长 Maximum root length (cm)	鲜重 Fresh weight (mg/100 plants)	干重 Dry weight (mg/100 plants)	叶长Leaf length (cm)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	苗高 Seedling height (cm)	根数 Root number	最大根长 Maximum root length (cm)	鲜重 Fresh weight (mg/100 plants)	干重 Dry weight (mg/100 plants)	T1	T2	T3
湘早籼6号 Xiangzaoxian 6	CK	35.2a	12.7b	3.2c	283.3a	48.3b	2.5c	10.2bc	21.3bc
湘早籼6号 Xiangzaoxian 6	LT-0N	27.4d	9.7d	1.8e	195.7f	38.8d	2.3d	9.3d	19.5d
	LT-LN	28.5cd	11.3c	2.3d	235.7de	44.3c	2.5bc	10.7ab	20.8c
	LT-HN	30.2bc	13.3ab	2.4d	257.7bc	48.3b	2.6bc	11.0ab	21.6bc
	LTF-0N	28.3cd	10.0d	2.4d	220.3e	42.7c	2.6bc	9.7cd	20.8c
	LTF-LN	32.1b	14.3a	4.1a	274.7ab	50.5ab	2.8b	11.1a	23.0a
	LTF-HN	28.9cd	12.3bc	3.9b	252.0cd	52.9a	3.1a	9.4d	22.2ab
中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao 17	CK	31.6a	12.0c	3.2ab	275.0ab	43.2bc	2.5bc	9.9bc	19.5bc
中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao 17	LT-0N	25.7d	9.7d	1.6d	231.0d	40.7c	2.0d	8.9d	17.1e
	LT-LN	27.8c	13.0bc	2.2c	259.3bc	42.5bc	2.2d	10.4bc	19.1cd
	LT-HN	30.3ab	15.0a	2.9b	288.3a	50.9a	2.4bc	11.0ab	20.3b
	LTF-0N	28.9bc	11.7c	2.3c	241.3cd	47.7ab	2.4c	9.4cd	18.3d
	LTF-LN	31.1a	15.3a	3.2ab	277.7ab	51.3a	2.6ab	10.4bc	19.5bc
	LTF-HN	31.3a	14.0ab	3.4a	266.7ab	52.1a	2.7a	11.5a	21.5a
V		2.5	15.5^**	13.7^**	25.9^**	0.2	24.7^**	0.0	140.8^**
T		24.3^**	28.8^**	112.5^**	31.5^**	26.6^**	19.3^**	11.1^**	27.5^**
V×T		4.1^**	2.0	8.3^**	3.0^*	3.4^*	1.3	5.8^**	4.0^**