作物抗冷性及其化学控制机理研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冷胁迫是影响作物生长发育的重要因子之一,为适应和抵御低温逆境,作物发生了一系列复杂的形态、生理及分子水平的变化。植物生长调节剂在解决低温冷害方面发挥着重要作用,合理使用植物生长调节剂是解决低温冷害的有效途径之一。国内外学者在提高作物抗冷性方面对抗冷性鉴定分级、生理和代谢变化、抗冷基因的筛选、蛋白质组学调控机制以及化控机理均有研究。综述了在冷胁迫条件下作物的形态结构、生理代谢、基因挖掘、产量形成及植物生长调节剂对其缓解调控的研究进展,对作物抗冷栽培和解决抗冷性问题有着重要的实践意义,同时为作物生产合理施用化控剂和进行科学的化学控制研究提供理论指导。

关键词: 作物, 生理生化, 分子机制, 抗冷性, 化控技术

Abstract:

Cold stress is one of the most important limited factors that affect the growth and development of crops. A series of complex morphological, physiological and molecular changes have been made in order to adapt and resist the low temperature stress. Plant growth regulators play an important role in solving the cold damage, which is one of the effective ways to solve cold damage. Domestic and foreign scholars have studied the identification and classification of cold resistance, physiological and metabolic changes, the screening of cold resistance genes, and the mechanism of protein and chemical control. In this paper, the progress on the morphological structure, physiological metabolism, gene mining, yield formation and the regulation effects of plant growth regulators are reviewed. It will be of great practical significance to resist cold cultivation and cold resistance, and provide theoretical guidance for the reasonable application of chemical control agent and chemical control of crop production.

Key words: Crops, Physiological-biochemical, Molecular mechanism, Cold resistance, Chemical control technology

秦东玲,李钊,尉菊萍,杨文一,白冰,刘宇龙,张倩,杨德光. 作物抗冷性及其化学控制机理研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2016 (4): 26–35

Dongling Qin,Zhao Li,Juping Yu,Wenyi Yang,Bing Bai,Yulong Liu,Qian Zhang,Deguang Yang. Progress on Cold Resistance and Chemical Control Mechanism of Crops[J]. Crops, 2016(4): 26–35

图/表 2

表1

作物抗冷基因功能及转基因植物表型"

基因 Genes	基因功能Gene function	转基因作物 Transgenic crops	转基因植株表型Transgenic plants genotype	参考文献 References
TERF2	转录因子	水稻	促进渗透调节物质和叶绿素的合成,减少活性氧的产生	[28]
Osmyb4	R2R3型转录因子	水稻	提高细胞抗氧化能力	[2]
OsMYB2	R2R3型转录因子	水稻	提高冷胁迫相关基因、抗氧化酶和脯氨酸合成基因的表达	[3]
LsICE1	bHLH类转录因子	水稻	增强冷胁迫的耐性	[29]
OsWRKY71	WRKY转录因子	水稻	通过调节下游靶基因调控植株抗冷性	[33]
ROC1	调节蛋白	水稻	通过激活DREB1B/CBF1调控水稻抗冷性	[37]
CaPUB1	辣椒U-box E3泛素连接酶	水稻	增强植株对冷胁迫的耐受性和降低对干旱胁迫的耐受性	[38]
OsRAN1	小G蛋白	水稻	通过增加渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量水平提高植株抗冷能力	[32]
OsWRKY76	WRKY类转录因子	水稻	提高抗氧化相关酶及脂质转运蛋白基因的表达,保护质膜稳定性	[39]
OsiSAP1/OsiSAP8	A20/AN1型ZFP类转录因子	烟草、水稻	提高冷胁迫下种子的发芽能力,促进幼苗对低温等非生物逆境胁迫的抗性	[40-41]
JERF3	ERF类转录因子	烟草	减少活性氧积累,提高对干旱、高盐及冷胁迫的抗性	[42]
LeLUT1	番茄类胡萝卜素ε-羟化酶基因	烟草	缓解光抑制和光氧化,保护光合器官	[30]
GhCAX3	蛋白基因	烟草	调控冷胁迫和ABA诱导的信号转导途径	[43]
ZmMPK17	蛋白激酶	烟草	提高发芽率、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,影响抗氧化酶系统	[44]
PtrbHLH	bHLH类转录因子	烟草	转基因株系存活率高,抗冷能力强	[45]
GO	真菌葡萄糖氧化酶	烟草	提高抗氧化防御系统活性	[46]
TERF2/LeERF2	ERF类转录因子	番茄、烟草	促进乙烯的生物合成、调节乙烯信号途径	[47]
CBF1	冷诱导转录因子	番茄	提高植株对低温和氧化胁迫的耐受性	[36]
GsZFP1	C₂H₂型ZFP类转录因子	野生大豆	调控植株对低温和干旱的耐性	[34]
Fe-SOD	抗氧化酶基因	玉米	提高作物抗氧化酶活性	[35]
ZmCPK1	钙依赖蛋白激酶	玉米	提高植株抗冷性	[48]
TaCBF14/TaCBF15	CBF类转录因子	冬小麦	缓解低温对细胞膜的伤害,提高低温后植株的存活率和PSⅡ活性	[49]
LcFIN1	冷诱导转录因子	作物	通过调控存活率、鲜重和与胁迫相关的其他指标来影响植株抗冷性	[50]

表1

图1

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