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作物杂志,2017, 第1期: 100–106 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.01.019

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

混合盐碱胁迫对高粱农艺性状及生理指标的影响

任根增1,高志远1,张瑜1,崔江慧1,张素梅2,常金华1   

  1. 1河北农业大学农学院,071000,河北保定
    2临城县农业局,054300,河北临城
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-24 修回日期:2016-12-28 出版日期:2017-02-15 发布日期:2018-08-26
  • 作者简介:任根增,在读博士,作物遗传育种专业;高志远为共同第一作者,本科,植物科学与技术201401班
  • 基金资助:
    河北省应用基础研究计划(15962905D);河北省教育厅青年基金(QN2015077)

The Influence of Mixed Salt and Alkali Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Sorghum

Ren Genzeng1,Gao Zhiyuan1,Zhang Yu1,Cui Jianghui1,Zhang Sumei2,Chang Jinhua1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China
    2Agricultural Bureau of Lincheng County,Lincheng 054300,Hebei,China
  • Received:2016-10-24 Revised:2016-12-28 Online:2017-02-15 Published:2018-08-26

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摘要：

通过测定耐盐碱性不同的3个高粱品种在混合盐碱胁迫下的农艺性状和相关生理指标,研究高粱全生育期农艺性状及生理指标对混合盐碱胁迫的响应,结果显示：高粱在整个生育时期随着盐碱胁迫的加强,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量基本呈下降趋势,胞间CO2浓度则呈上升趋势。盐碱胁迫使高粱提前成熟,降低了各个高粱品种的株高、茎粗、穗重、千粒重等各项农艺指标值,不同品种对胁迫的响应存在差异。

关键词: 混合盐碱胁迫, 光合效率, 农艺性状

Abstract:

The agronomic traits and related physical signs of 3 sorghum cultivars under saline-alkali stress were investigated through the whole growth period. Results showed that net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content decreased but intercellular CO2 concentration inncreased with the increase of saline-alkali stress. Mixed salt and alkali stress shortened the growth period of sorghum, and reduced the plant height, stem diameter, ear weight and grain yield. The responses of different varieties to the stress was significantly different.

Key words: Salt and alkali stress, Photosynthesis rate, Agronomic traits

表1

不同处理土壤生化指标"

处理
Treatment		 土壤化学性质Soil chemical properties
pH 土壤含盐量Soil salt content(%) K含量K content(mg/kg) Na含量Na content(mg/kg) Ca含量Ca content(mg/kg) Mg含量Mg content(mg/kg)
S0 7.42 0.06 80.2 250.4 412.5 324.5
S1 8.96 0.16 110.3 643.2 623.4 368.5
S2 9.25 0.36 120.3 1 228.5 800.2 425.8
S3 9.49 0.45 140.3 1 825.4 1 213.5 535.6

图1

3个高粱品种净光合速率的变化"

图2

3个高粱品种蒸腾速率的变化"

图3

3个高粱品种气孔导度的变化"

图4

3个高粱品种水分利用效率的变化"

图5

3个高粱品种胞间CO2浓度的变化"

图6

3个高粱品种SPAD变化"

表2

盐碱胁迫对高粱生育期影响"

品种Varieties 处理Treatment 播种期Sowing period 出苗期Seedling stage 拔节期Jointing stage 抽穗期Heading stage 乳熟期Milk-ripe stage
河农16 S0 05-03 05-08 06-19 07-25 09-15
Henong 16 S1 05-03 05-08 06-20 07-25 09-14
S2 05-03 05-09 06-22 07-28 09-13
S3 05-03 05-10 06-25 07-31 09-10
TAX623B S0 05-03 05-08 06-19 07-24 09-13
S1 05-03 05-08 06-20 07-27 09-10
S2 05-03 05-09 06-22 07-30 09-08
S3 05-03 05-11 06-26 07-25 09-05
高粱蔗 S0 05-03 05-08 06-21 07-26 09-18
Gaoliangzhe S1 05-03 05-10 06-21 07-27 09-18
S2 05-03 05-11 06-23 07-30 09-15
S3 05-03 05-12 06-24 08-03 09-12

表3

盐碱胁迫对高粱主要农艺性状影响"

品种
Varieties		 处理
Treatment		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 茎粗(mm)
Stem diameter		 穗重(g)
Panicle weight		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 穗重较对照下降幅度(%)
Output decline range
河农16 S0 156.5a 26.79a 65.5a 31.52a -
S1 154.2a 25.47a 60.3b 28.48b -7.94
S2 150.3b 23.56b 52.4c 26.51c -20.00
S3 145.5c 22.17c 48.2d 24.23d -26.41
TAX623B S0 137.5a 24.35a 50.3a 36.78a -
S1 135.4a 23.44a 48.7b 34.28b -3.18
S2 132.8b 22.17b 46.3c 32.14c -7.95
S3 130.6b 21.84c 38.5d 28.89d -23.46
高粱蔗 S0 221.7a 17.60a 29.6a 24.56a -
Gaoliangzhe S1 216.9a 15.42b 27.6b 22.64b -6.76
S2 208.4a 14.65c 25.7c 21.71c -13.18
S3 202.6b 13.56d 23.4d 20.85d -20.95
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