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作物杂志,2017, 第2期: 114–120 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.02.020

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

反枝苋和大豆对降雨季节波动的生理生态响应

鲁萍1,金成功1,张茜2,姜佰文1,闫南南2,肖同玉1,白雅梅1,李景欣2,陈睿1,李静1   

  1. 1 东北农业大学资源与环境学院,150030,黑龙江哈尔滨
    2 东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,150030,黑龙江哈尔滨
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-08 修回日期:2017-01-10 出版日期:2017-04-15 发布日期:2018-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 姜佰文
  • 作者简介:鲁萍,副教授,研究方向为生物入侵及农业生态学|金成功为共同第一作者,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12541021)

The Responses of the Ecophysiological Characteristics of Amaranthus retroflexus and Glycine max to Seasonal Rainfall Fluctuations

Lu Ping1,Jin Chenggong1,Zhang Xi2,Jiang Baiwen1,Yan Nannan2,Xiao Tongyu1,Bai Yamei1,Li Jingxin2,Chen Rui1,Li Jing1   

  1. 1 School of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China
    2 College of Animal Science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China
  • Received:2016-10-08 Revised:2017-01-10 Online:2017-04-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Baiwen Jiang

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摘要：

在棚室盆栽条件下,以外来杂草反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus）和作物大豆（Glycine max）为试验材料,模拟不同的降雨季节格局,研究两物种的比叶面积、丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量的季节动态变化。结果表明,在干旱少雨的条件下,两物种均通过减少比叶面积来减少水分的蒸发;但反枝苋积累的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量均大于大豆。说明,在生长旺季缺水的条件下,反枝苋的膜质过氧化程度小于大豆,且恢复较好。生长初期混栽反枝苋的丙二醛含量均高于大豆,受水分胁迫影响较大;但进入大豆开花结荚期后,混栽反枝苋的脯氨酸含量高于大豆,膜质过氧化程度小于大豆,受水分胁迫影响较小。说明在反枝苋入侵农田的过程中,通过调节其自身形态特征和生理物质含量适应降雨季节波动,这可能是其在农田中分布广泛的重要原因之一。

关键词: 反枝苋, 大豆, 降雨季节波动, 生理生态特性

Abstract:

An invasive weed Amaranthus retroflexus and a crop Glycine max were chosen as materials in the greenhouse potted experiment. The specific leaf area (SLA), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content and soluble protein content in leaves of the two species response to the seasonal rainfall fluctuations were studied based on the method of simulating different seasonal rainfall fluctuations. The results showed that both species decreased leaf area to reduce evaporation, while proline and soluble protein contents in leaves of A. retroflexus were higher than those of G. Max under dry and lack of rain conditions, which illustrated that even in the fast growing season under the condition of water shortage, the level of membrane lipid peroxidation of leaves of A. retroflexuswas less than that of G. max, and A. retroflexus could recover quickly. On the seeding stage, the MDA content in leaves of A. retroflexus was higher than that of G. max in mixed cropping, which indicated that A. retroflexus was under severe water stress. But on the flowering stage of G. max, the proline and soluble protein content of A. retroflexus were higher than those of G. max in mixed cropping and the level of membrane lipid peroxidation of A. retroflexus was less than that of G. max, which indicated that A. retroflexus was less affected by water stress than G. max. Therefore, A. retroflexus can adjust morphological character and physiological substance contents to adapt different seasonal rainfall fluctuations in the process of invading agro-ecosystem. It may be one of the important reasons of A. retroflexus can widely distributed in farmland.

Key words: Amaranthus retroflexus, Glycine max, Seasonal rainfall fluctuation, Ecophysiological characteristics

图1

4种降雨季节格局的模拟降雨量分布 中高峰即中高峰式降雨季节格局,双高峰即早晚双高峰式降雨季节格局,早高峰即早高峰式降雨季节格局,晚高峰即晚高峰式降雨季节格局"

图2

不同生育期大豆和反枝苋的比叶面积 图中数据均为4次测定的平均值±标准误,不同大写字母表示同一生育期不同降雨格局之间差异显著,不同小写字母表示同一降雨格局不同生育期之间差异显著（P<0.05）,下同。"

图3

不同生育期大豆和反枝苋叶片的丙二醛含量"

图4

不同生育期大豆和反枝苋叶片的脯氨酸含量"

图5

不同生育期大豆和反枝苋叶片的可溶性蛋白含量"

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