大麦、小麦饲草产量与品质差异及适宜刈割次数研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为比较大麦、小麦饲草产量与品质的差异,明确适宜刈割次数,以具代表性的2个饲用大麦(95033、盐丰1号)与2个小麦(扬麦18、1331)品种(系)为材料,设置不同刈割次数(1、2、3次),比较不同大麦、小麦品种(系)饲草产量与品质差异。结果表明,大麦饲草产量高于小麦,其中盐丰1号鲜重、干重最高,分别为5.68、1.37kg/m ²;1次刈割的饲草产量最高,鲜重、干重分别为5.49、1.52kg/m ²,显著高于2、3次刈割。除粗蛋白、钙含量变化因品种(系)而异,其他饲草品质指标在品种(系)间无明显差异。扬麦18的粗蛋白含量最高(29.23%), 95033的钙含量最高(1.13%);大麦粗蛋白产量高于小麦,1次刈割高于2、3次刈割。不同茬次饲草品质存在差异,再生茬饲草的粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙含量显著下降,磷含量以2茬次饲草最高,粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量显著上升,说明多次刈割后饲草品质下降。结果显示,大麦饲草产量及粗蛋白产量均高于小麦,更适宜用作饲草,以乳熟末期1次刈割最佳。

关键词: 大麦, 小麦, 饲草产量, 饲草品质, 刈割次数

Abstract:

To compare the differences in forage yield and quality between barley and wheat, and detect the optimal cutting frequency, two representative feed barley cultivars (95033 and Yanfeng No.1) and two wheat cultivars (Yangmai 18 and 1331) were imposed on three cutting frequencies. The results showed that barley forage yield exceeded that of wheat with the maximum of fresh weight (5.68kg/m ²) and dry weight (1.37kg/m ²) obtained in Yanfeng No.1. The maximum fresh weight (5.49kg/m ²) and dry weight (1.52kg/m ²) were obtained in once cutting and significantly higher than that with the twice and thrice cutting. The content of crude protein and calcium varied significantly but other properties did not among cultivars. The maximum content of protein and calcium were respectively in Yangmai 18 (29.23%) and 95033 (1.13%). Crude protein yield was higher in barley than in wheat, and in once cutting than in twice and thrice cutting. The content of crude protein, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus declined dramatically in later cuts while the content of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber increased, implying repeat cutting leads the descend of forage quality. Therefore, the yield of both biomass and nutrition was higher in barley than in wheat, which meant barley had priority in forage use. Once cutting is optimum for the harvest of forage in late milking stage.

Key words: Barley, Wheat, Forage yield, Forage quality, Cutting frequency

陈晓东,赵斌,季昌好,朱斌,王瑞. 大麦、小麦饲草产量与品质差异及适宜刈割次数研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (3): 81–84

Xiaodong Chen,Bin Zhao,Changhao Ji,Bin Zhu,Rui Wang. Differences in Forage Yield and Quality of Barley and Wheat with Proper Cutting Frequency[J]. Crops, 2017(3): 81–84

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因素A Factor A	品种(系) Variety (line)	因素B Factor B	刈割次数 Cutting times	茬次Cut	刈割日期 Cutting date
A1	95033	B1	1	-	2016-04-25
A2	盐丰1号 Yanfeng No.1	B2	2	第一茬 The first cut	2016-01-18
A3	扬麦18 Yangmai 18			第二茬 The second cut	2016-04-25
A4	1331	B3	3	第一茬 The first cut	2016-01-18
				第二茬 The second cut	2016-03-18
				第三茬 The third cut	2016-04-25

材料Material	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗纤维 Crude fiber	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber	粗灰分 Crude ash	钙 Calcium	磷 Phosphorus
95033	27.17ab	19.97a	23.07a	41.83a	12.60a	1.13a	0.39a
盐丰1号 Yanfeng No.1	23.10c	19.83a	22.03a	41.13a	13.40a	0.91b	0.40a
扬麦18 Yangmai 18	29.23a	20.27a	23.37a	43.97a	10.90a	0.96ab	0.45a
1311	25.80bc	20.10a	22.88a	44.30a	10.73a	0.78b	0.40a

茬次 Cut	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗纤维 Crude fiber	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber	粗灰分 Crude ash	钙 Calcium	磷 Phosphorus
1	33.63a	12.58c	15.13c	32.43c	16.35a	1.36a	0.43a
2	30.65b	18.65b	20.61b	38.23b	11.23b	1.10b	0.47a
3	14.70c	28.90a	32.78a	57.78a	8.15c	0.37c	0.33b