作物杂志,2019, 第5期: 104–108 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.017

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对豫北冬小麦产量及子粒主要矿质元素含量的影响

黄玉芳,叶优良,赵亚南,岳松华,白红波,汪洋   

  1. 河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南省农业绿色发展工程技术研究中心,450002,河南郑州
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-22 修回日期:2019-07-05 出版日期:2019-10-15 发布日期:2019-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 汪洋
  • 作者简介:黄玉芳,中级实验师,主要从事农化分析教学与测试工作
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200100)

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield and Mineral Concentrations of Winter Wheat Grains in the North of Henan Province

Huang Yufang,Ye Youliang,Zhao Yanan,Yue Songhua,Bai Hongbo,Wang Yang   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University/Henan Agricultural Green Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-03-22 Revised:2019-07-05 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07
  • Contact: Yang Wang

摘要:

以兰考矮早8、豫麦49-198和平安8号为材料,设置5个氮素水平(0、120、180、240、360kg/hm 2),研究不同施氮量对豫北冬小麦子粒产量及其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明:子粒中N与B(r=0.879)、N与Mg(r=0.858)、Mg与Zn(r=0.871)、Mg与B(r=0.877)含量间相关系数较高。施氮显著提高了子粒N、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、B含量,K、Mg含量受施氮量影响较小,但P和Mn含量明显下降。兰考矮早8子粒中各种矿质元素(除B外)含量明显高于平安8号,豫麦49-198介于二者之间。施氮在提高小麦子粒产量的同时降低了P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn的值,增强了Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的生物有效性。此外,研究发现施氮量达到180kg/hm 2后,继续增施氮肥小麦产量难以提升。可见,合理的氮肥管理可以提高豫北地区冬小麦产量及子粒中微量元素的含量;过量施氮不仅难以提高子粒产量,还会降低子粒P和Mn的含量。

关键词: 氮肥, 小麦, 子粒, 矿质元素, 微量元素, 生物有效性

Abstract:

Lankaoaizao 8 (LKAZ8), Yumai 49-198 (YM49-198) and Ping′an 8 (PA8) were selected as experimental materials. Five N levels (0, 120, 180, 240 and 360kg/hm 2) were conducted. The effects of different N application rates on the contents of mineral elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in winter wheat were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of N, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and B in wheat grains increased with increasing of N application rates. K and Mg concentration of grains were less affected by N application, but the contents of P and Mn were significantly decreased with the increasing of N application rates. Highly significant positive correlations between the concentrations of N and B (r=0.879), N and Mg (r=0.858), Mg and Zn (r=0.871), and Mg and B (r=0.877) were also observed. The concentration of various mineral elements (except B) in the grains of LKAZ8 was significantly higher than that of PA8, and YM49-198 was situated between them. Application of N fertilizer increased the grain yield of wheat, reducing the ratio of P/Ca, P/Mg, P/Fe and P/Zn, and enhancing the bioavailability of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn. In addition, it was found that the yield of wheat could not be increased by increasing N fertilizer after the application rate of nitrogen reached 180kg/hm 2. Hence, reasonable N fertilizer management could increase the yield of winter wheat and the content of medium and microelements in northern Henan. Excessive N application was not only difficult to increase grain yield, but also reduced the content of P and Mn in the grains.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Wheat, Grain, Mineral element, Microelement, Bioavailability

图1

施氮量对不同品种小麦子粒产量的影响 同一品种不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著(LSD)。下同"

图2

施氮量对不同品种小麦子粒N、P、K含量的影响"

表1

施氮量对不同品种小麦子粒中微量元素含量的影响"

品种Variety 处理Treatment Ca Mg Fe Mn Cu Zn B
兰考矮早8 N0 621.1b 1 283.4a 41.3c 35.0a 3.9b 26.0b 13.55b
Lankaoaizao 8 N120 643.1ab 1 220.7a 47.3b 33.8ab 4.3ab 27.3b 15.77b
N180 639.2b 1 324.7a 54.0ab 34.9ab 5.0a 28.6ab 15.99b
N240 666.9a 1 330.7a 55.6ab 33.1ab 5.1a 31.2ab 17.99a
N360 657.4ab 1 369.6a 59.0a 30.6b 4.8ab 32.2a 18.39a
均值Mean 643.5 1 305.8 51.4 33.5 4.6 29.1 16.34
豫麦49-198 N0 523.8c 1 266.9b 39.8b 32.9a 3.6c 25.9b 17.69b
Yumai 49-198 N120 535.1c 1 264.8a 41.0b 30.2ab 4.2b 25.4b 17.01b
N180 581.0b 1 306.4a 42.9ab 30.8ab 4.8ab 27.2ab 18.47ab
N240 613.0a 1 370.3a 43.1ab 28.5b 5.0a 28.4a 21.80a
N360 602.6ab 1 380.5a 51.0a 26.6b 4.8ab 28.6a 22.35a
均值Mean 567.1 1 317.8 43.6 29.8 4.5 27.1 19.48
平安8号 N0 521.2b 1 086.2a 37.5b 26.7a 3.4b 23.8b 10.10c
Ping′an 8 N120 531.8b 1 133.1a 38.9b 26.0a 3.6ab 23.8b 18.06b
N180 578.8a 1 166.8a 40.5b 26.1a 4.0a 24.6ab 22.33ab
N240 585.1a 1 183.5a 44.8ab 25.9a 3.9a 25.5a 22.76ab
N360 577.7a 1 199.9a 47.0a 25.3a 4.1a 25.6a 24.28a
均值Mean 558.9 1 153.9 41.7 26.0 3.8 24.7 19.51

表2

小麦子粒中相对矿质元素含量与相对产量间相关性分析"

项目Item N P K Ca Mg Fe Mn Cu Zn B
产量Yield 0.840** -0.385 0.168 -0.721** -0.814** -0.825** -0.254 -0.617* -0.790** -0.816**
N -0.410 0.145 -0.764** -0.858** -0.862** -0.512* -0.699** -0.740** -0.879**
P 0.148 -0.202 -0.261 -0.434 -0.807** -0.264 -0.261 -0.390
K -0.485 -0.203 -0.058 -0.051 -0.287 -0.271 -0.300
Ca -0.742** -0.644** -0.274 -0.814** -0.691** -0.798**
Mg -0.837** -0.422 -0.687** -0.871** -0.877**
Fe -0.450 -0.795** -0.795** -0.845**
Mn -0.332 -0.336 -0.564
Cu -0.607* -0.750**
Zn -0.821**

表3

施氮量对不同品种小麦子粒P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn值的影响"

品种
Variety
处理Treatment P/Ca P/Mg P/Fe P/Zn
兰考矮早8 N0 5.08a 2.46a 76.29a 121.18a
Lankaoaizao 8 N120 4.39b 2.31a 59.73b 103.26b
N180 4.78a 2.30a 56.59bc 106.81b
N240 4.41ab 2.21ab 52.93bc 94.24bc
N360 4.28b 2.02b 46.99c 86.05c
均值Mean 4.59 2.26 58.51 102.31
豫麦49-198 N0 6.09a 2.54a 80.09a 123.27a
Yumai 49-198 N120 5.24ab 2.25ab 68.41b 110.51ab
N180 4.96b 2.20ab 67.08b 105.77b
N240 4.76b 2.13b 67.74b 102.56bc
N360 4.55b 1.92b 51.98c 92.48c
均值Mean 5.12 2.21 67.06 106.92
平安8号 N0 4.66a 2.24a 64.81a 102.31a
Ping′an 8 N120 4.41ab 2.07a 60.24ab 98.34a
N180 4.13b 2.05a 59.10ab 97.22ab
N240 4.09b 2.02a 61.71a 93.88b
N360 4.15b 2.00a 51.00b 93.70b
均值Mean 4.29 2.08 59.37 97.09
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