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作物杂志,2021, 第5期: 64–71 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.010

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于SNP分子标记的泰山/泰科麦系列小麦遗传解析

亓晓蕾1(), 李兴锋2(), 吕广德1, 王瑞霞1, 王君3, 孙宪印1, 孙盈盈1, 陈永军1, 钱兆国1(), 吴科1   

  1. 1泰安市农业科学院,271000,山东泰安
    2国家小麦改良中心泰安分中心,271018,山东泰安
    3泰安市农业农村局,山东泰安,271000
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-27 修回日期:2021-06-17 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 钱兆国
  • 作者简介:亓晓蕾,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,E-mail： qixiaoleielica226@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家小麦现代产业技术体系(CARS-3-2-22);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-01-04);农业农村部麦类生物学与遗传育种综合性重点实验室开放课题项目;泰安市科技发展计划(引导计划)项目(2019NS078);泰安市科技发展计划项目(2017NS0100)

Genetic Analysis of Taishan/Taikemai Serial Wheat Based on SNP Molecular Markers

Qi Xiaolei1(), Li Xingfeng2(), Lü Guangde1, Wang Ruixia1, Wang Jun3, Sun Xianyin1, Sun Yingying1, Chen Yongjun1, Qian Zhaoguo1(), Wu Ke1   

  1. 1Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
    2Tai’an Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    3Tai’an Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-10-27 Revised:2021-06-17 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Qian Zhaoguo

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摘要：

对不同年份育成的21个小麦品种（系）进行全基因组扫描,通过分析遗传距离和染色体区段/位点,明确其亲缘关系远近和遗传差异。分析可知,获得的2029个SNP基因位点在B基因组拥有较高的遗传多样性,其次是A和D基因组;在7个同源群中,第3和第6同源群呈现出较高的遗传多样性,而第1和第4同源群的遗传多样性较低;21条染色体中,3A、1B、6B染色体的遗传多样性较高,而1A、6A的遗传多样性偏低。对21份供试材料依据审定（育成）年份分析其群体的平均遗传距离,不同年份品种间的平均遗传距离先增大后减小,遗传多样性逐渐降低;21份供试材料间的遗传相似系数在0.69~0.99之间,大致可聚为4个类群,同一年份的品种一般聚在一起,与其系谱关系吻合。构建并分析供试材料的基因型图谱发现,00s、10s和现在育成的小麦品种（系）共有SNP和共有染色体区段分别主要在A、D和B基因组,对应已发表性状同不同年份育种目标吻合。同时发现21份供试材料均含有25个共同SNP位点,分布在1A、5A、6A、7A、2B、3B、6B、1D、2D、3D和7D染色体上,且每条染色体上分布的SNP位点数目均不相同,通过对应已发表性状进一步证实在品种（系）组配与选育过程中注重产量、株高、分蘖数、抽穗期、灌浆速率和抗病等性状的选择。以上研究结果可为今后小麦新品种组配和选育提供参考依据。

关键词: 小麦, SNP标记, 聚类分析, 基因型图谱, 染色体区段/位点

Abstract:

To clarify the genetic relationship and genetic differences of the new wheat cultivars (lines) bred in recent years, the whole-genome of 21 new wheat cultivars (lines) were scanned, the genetic distance and chromosome sections/loci were analyzed to clarify their genetic relationship and genetic difference characteristics. The genetic analysis of 21 new wheat cultivars (lines) was conducted by 2029 SNP loci. In the three genomes, B genome had lightly higher diversity, followed by A and D genomes; among the seven homologous groups, the 3rd and 6th groups showed high genetic diversity; among the 21 chromosomes, the genetic diversity of 3A, 1B, and 6B were high, while 1A and 6A were low. The average genetic distance of wheat cultivars (lines) was analyzed according to the year of their approval (breeding). The average genetic distance of the cultivars (lines) first increased and the decreased, the genetic diversities were gradually decreased. The genetic similarity coefficients of 21 wheat cultivars (lines) ranged from 0.69 to 0.99 and these 21 wheat cultivars (lines) could be grouped into four groups. The wheat cultivars (lines) which were grouped in the same group were from the same year and consistent with its pedigree relationship. Twenty-one wheat chromosome genotypic maps were constructed and analyzed. It was found that the common SNP and chromosome segments of cultivars (lines) bred in 00s, 10s, and present were mainly distributed in A, D and B genomes, respectively. Moreover, their traits were consistent with the published traits in different breeding years. At the same time, this study also found that the 21 cultivars(lines) had 25 SNP loci which distributed on chromosomes 1A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 3B, 6B, 1D, 2D, 3D, and 7D and the number of SNP loci distributed on each chromosome were also different. The selection of grain yield, plant height, tiller number, heading stage, grouting rate, and disease resistance were emphasized in the process of wheat hybrid combinations and breeding. The above results could provide a breeding reference for new wheat cultivars in the future.

Key words: Wheat, SNP marker, Cluster analysis, Genotypic map, Chromosome sections/loci

表1

供试小麦材料名称、组合及审（认）定时间

编号
Number		 品种（系）
Variety (line)		 组合
Combination		 审（认）
定年份
Released year		 年代
Age
1 鲁麦18 86026/8-038//沛县304-1 1993 90s
2 泰山21 26744/泰山10号//
鲁麦7号/3/鲁麦18		 2002/2003 00s
3 泰山22 鲁麦18/鲁麦14 2004 00s
4 泰山23 881414/876161 2004 00s
5 泰山24 904017/郑州8329 2005 00s
6 泰山9818 21-11/935021 2006 00s
7 泰山27 泰山651/藏选1号 2012 10s
8 泰山28 3262/皖麦38 2013 10s
9 泰科麦30 淮阴9908/漯麦9424 2019 10s
10 泰科麦31 泰山26/淮麦20 2018 10s
11 泰科麦32 洛旱3号/莱州3279 2018 10s
12 泰科麦33 郑麦366/淮阴9908 2018 10s
13 泰科紫麦1号 良星66/山农紫麦 2019 10s
14 泰科麦38 山农17/良星99 – Present
15 泰科麦308 邢麦6号/淮0458 – Present
16 泰科麦34 泰山28/济麦22 2020 Present
17 泰科麦6007 泰山21/济麦22 – Present
18 泰科麦36 泰农18/齐丰2号 2021 Present
19 TKM6215 良星99/邯94-5378 – Present
20 TKM0564 烟农999/良星66 – Present
21 TKM7105 泰山26/淮麦0208 – Present

表2

3个基因组的遗传多样性比较

项目Item A基因组
A genome		 B基因组
B genome		 D基因组
D genome		 合计
Total		 均值
Mean
检测位点数Number of the detected locus 730 820 479 2029 –
等位变异总数（∑Aij）Total allelic variations 1510 1753 1022 4285 –
平均等位变异丰富度（∑Aij/Loci）Mean allele richness 2.07±0.0006 2.14±0.0005 2.13±0.0011 – 2.11±0.0010
平均遗传多样性指数（Ht）Mean genetic diversity index 0.24±0.0002 0.24±0.0002 0.21±0.0003 – 0.23±0.0002

图1

育成品种（系）7个同源群的遗传多样性

图2

育成品种（系）21条染色体的遗传多样性

图3

不同年代选育品种（系）的平均遗传距离

图4

小麦品种的UPGMA聚类图

表3

不同育种年份间共有的SNP数量、基因组（A、B、D）分布和同源群（H1~H7）分布

名称
Name		 年代Age
00s 10s Present
SNP 203 122 251
A 74 34 87
B 72 33 88
D 57 55 76
H1 19 14 28
H2 27 31 46
H3 32 10 42
H4 37 9 38
H5 29 15 30
H6 24 30 34
H7 35 13 33

图5

21个小麦品种（系）的基因型图谱 箭头标记的是21个小麦品种（系）共有SNP位点的位置

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