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作物杂志,2022, 第4期: 90–98 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.013

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米杂交种及其亲本苗期性状对低氮胁迫的动态响应

徐世英(), 王宁, 程皓, 冯万军()   

  1. 山西农业大学农学院/黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心,030801,山西晋中
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-05 修回日期:2022-03-01 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 冯万军
  • 作者简介:徐世英,主要从事作物学研究,E-mail： 605824435@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心自主研发项目(SBGJXTZX);山西农业大学生物育种工程(YZGC090)

Dynamic Changes of Seedling Traits among Maize Hybrids and Their Parents in Response to Low Nitrogen Stress

Xu Shiying(), Wang Ning, Cheng Hao, Feng Wanjun()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University/Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2021-09-05 Revised:2022-03-01 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Feng Wanjun

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摘要：

以玉米杂交种先玉335及其亲本（PH6WC、PH4CV）和豫玉22及其亲本（综3、87-1）为试验材料,通过水培方法,设置低氮（0.04mmol/L,LN）和正常氮素（2mmol/L,CK）水平2个处理,分别在培养3、7和14d后,对其幼苗生物量积累、叶片和根系表型、叶绿素及氮素含量等进行分析,探究低氮胁迫下玉米杂交种及其亲本幼苗性状的动态变化。结果表明,玉米苗期根系对低氮的响应要早于地上部,且杂交种对低氮的响应比亲本更为迅速。在CK和LN处理下,杂交种幼苗的多个性状均存在中亲和超亲优势,豫玉22的根尖数、根系氮积累量占比和先玉335的总根长、根表面积及根尖数的杂种优势在3个时间点与CK处理相比均有较大幅度提高。通过耐低氮指数分析发现,杂交种的耐低氮能力介于2个亲本之间或与其中1个亲本接近。

关键词: 玉米, 幼苗性状, 杂种优势, 低氮胁迫

Abstract:

Maize hybrid Xianyu 335 and its parental inbred lines (PH6WC, PH4CV), and Yuyu 22 and its parental inbred lines (Zong 3, 87-1) were selected as experimental materials. Two nitrogen level treatments were carried out by hydroponics, including low nitrogen (0.04mmol/L, LN) and normal nitrogen (2mmol/L, CK) levels. After three, seven and fourteen days of culture, the biomass accumulation, leaf and root phenotype, leaf chlorophyll content and nitrogen content were analyzed in order to explore the dynamic changes of seedling traits among maize hybrids and their parents under low nitrogen stress. The results showed that the response of root to low nitrogen was earlier than that of shoot, and the response of hybrids to low nitrogen was faster than those of their parents. Under CK and LN treatments, most traits of hybrid seedlings showed heterosis. The heterosis of the root tip number and nitrogen accumulation in roots of Yuyu 22, and total root length, root surface area and root tip number of Xianyu 335 were significantly increased at three time points compared with control. Based on the low nitrogen tolerance index analysis, it was found that the low nitrogen tolerance of the hybrid was between or close to one of the two parents.

Key words: Maize, Seedling traits, Heterosis, Low nitrogen stress

图1

2个氮素水平下玉米杂交种及其亲本幼苗叶片（a）和根系（b）形态的动态变化

表1

2个氮素水平下不同培养时间玉米杂交种及其亲本幼苗性状的方差分析

性状
Trait		 F值F-value
FT FN FG FT×FN FT×FG FN×FG FT×FN×FG
第1叶叶面积
Leaf area of the first leaf (LA1, cm2)		 44.42** 58.85** 156.51** 33.06** 28.35** 18.18** 8.74**
第2叶叶面积
Leaf area of the second leaf (LA2, cm2)		 14.62** 67.99** 253.24** 29.21** 17.34** 10.71** 8.29**
第1叶SPAD值
SPAD value of the first leaf (SPAD1)		 2038.76** 3138.03** 154.21** 1514.78** 7.93** 19.70** 12.63**
第2叶SPAD值
SPAD value of the second leaf (SPAD2)		 478.90** 1723.28** 119.60** 831.86** 38.53** 36.32** 19.48**
总根长Total root length (TRL, cm) 743.42** 10.90** 421.19** 16.28** 45.17** 12.05** 2.14*
根表面积Root surface area (RSA, cm²) 503.00** 2.36ns 291.96** 14.88** 35.22** 5.15** 2.26*
根平均直径
Root average diameter (RAD, mm)		 73.38** 7.13** 60.68** 1.42ns 9.29** 6.79** 0.79ns
根体积Root volume (RV, cm³) 293.09** 1.49ns 167.41** 13.08** 29.25** 8.38** 5.41**
根尖数Root tips number (RTN) 369.20** 135.73** 249.27** 75.93** 38.73** 26.49** 9.29**
地上部干重Shoot dry weight (SDW, g) 1494.48** 400.32** 474.73** 280.02** 90.10** 45.84** 37.92**
根干重Root dry weight (RDW, g) 1005.89** 67.86** 579.53** 14.15** 84.29** 11.90** 7.74**
根冠比Root to shoot ratio (R/S) 74.08** 488.04** 45.00** 153.19** 7.89** 8.46** 10.55**
地上部氮积累量
Shoot nitrogen accumulation (SNA, mg)		 3635.57** 3082.75** 652.51** 1621.36** 268.58** 219.10* 144.24**
根系氮积累量
Root nitrogen accumulation (RNA, mg)		 699.37** 1216.75** 1120.20** 426.29** 169.36** 96.93** 92.88**
单株氮积累量
Total nitrogen accumulation per plant (TNA, mg)		 4184.98** 3673.90** 866.98** 1889.13** 308.23** 248.11** 171.91**
地上部氮积累量占比SNA/TNA (%) 918.69** 89.92** 22.03** 70.82** 124.33** 228.96** 38.91**
根系氮积累量占比RNA/TNA (%) 918.69** 89.92** 22.03** 70.82** 124.33** 228.96** 38.91**

图2

2个氮素水平处理不同天数后玉米幼苗各性状中亲（a）和超亲（b）优势的聚类

表2

不同培养时间玉米杂交种及其亲本幼苗耐低氮指数

处理时间
Treatment
time (d)		 基因型
Genotype		 指标Index
LA1 LA2 SPAD1 SPAD2 TRL RSA RAD RV RTN SDW RDW R/S SNA RNA TNA SNA/TNA RNA/TNA AVG SD CV(%)
3 PH6WC 1.10 0.93 1.00 1.00 0.73 0.88 1.16 1.06 0.68 0.87 1.13 1.21 0.44 1.24 0.56 0.78 2.21 1.00 0.39 38.7
XY335 1.05 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.86 1.01 1.12 1.05 0.83 0.94 1.18 1.32 0.77 0.97 0.79 0.97 1.22 1.00 0.15 15.1
PH4CV 1.05 1.08 0.89 0.86 0.89 0.89 1.02 0.89 0.75 0.99 1.02 1.00 1.12 0.90 1.08 1.04 0.83 0.96 0.10 10.8
Z3 0.83 0.86 0.93 0.89 1.02 1.05 0.92 1.02 0.59 0.79 0.93 0.80 0.91 0.48 0.76 1.19 0.63 0.86 0.18 20.6
YY22 1.04 0.97 1.01 1.01 1.04 0.77 0.91 0.52 1.37 0.99 1.05 1.07 1.17 1.27 1.20 0.98 1.06 1.03 0.19 18.5
87-1 0.98 0.94 1.01 1.01 1.41 1.21 1.00 1.65 1.13 1.12 0.83 0.74 1.10 0.73 1.01 1.10 0.72 1.04 0.24 22.9
AVG 1.01 0.96 0.97 0.95 0.99 0.97 1.02 1.03 0.89 0.95 1.02 1.02 0.92 0.93 0.90 1.01 1.11 0.98 0.06 6.0
SD 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.23 0.16 0.10 0.36 0.30 0.11 0.13 0.23 0.28 0.30 0.24 0.14 0.58
CV(%) 9.30 7.50 5.20 7.00 23.60 16.00 10.00 35.40 33.50 12.00 12.70 22.20 30.30 32.40 26.40 13.90 52.00
7 PH6WC 0.94 0.96 0.77 0.79 0.69 0.80 1.16 0.88 0.64 0.66 0.84 1.66 0.36 0.64 0.39 0.92 1.64 0.87 0.35 40.9
XY335 1.02 0.98 0.66 0.77 1.05 1.25 1.22 1.90 0.78 0.87 1.25 1.56 0.39 0.88 0.44 0.89 2.01 1.05 0.45 42.5
PH4CV 0.98 0.99 0.71 0.74 1.11 1.12 1.06 1.19 0.70 0.82 1.54 1.78 0.52 1.07 0.57 0.90 1.87 1.04 0.39 37.3
Z3 0.91 0.91 0.82 0.95 1.44 1.47 1.02 1.40 0.67 0.84 1.02 1.06 0.82 0.22 0.62 1.32 0.36 0.93 0.35 37.8
YY22 0.86 0.88 0.72 0.79 1.07 0.99 0.97 0.98 1.23 1.08 1.18 1.09 0.67 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.01 0.93 0.18 19.2
87-1 0.86 1.07 0.98 0.92 1.97 1.60 0.99 1.68 1.42 1.05 1.32 2.10 0.90 0.81 0.89 1.02 0.92 1.21 0.41 33.6
AVG 0.93 0.97 0.78 0.83 1.22 1.21 1.07 1.34 0.91 0.89 1.19 1.54 0.61 0.72 0.60 1.01 1.30 1.01 0.27 26.3
SD 0.06 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.44 0.30 0.10 0.40 0.33 0.16 0.24 0.40 0.22 0.29 0.18 0.16 0.64
CV(%) 7.00 6.90 14.90 10.40 35.80 24.80 9.30 29.80 36.70 17.50 20.30 26.20 36.70 40.30 30.00 16.30 49.50
14 PH6WC 0.56 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.70 1.20 0.88 0.32 0.47 1.01 2.58 0.23 0.58 0.26 0.89 2.28 0.75 0.72 94.9
XY335 1.21 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 0.53 0.40 1.07 2.57 0.17 0.61 0.21 0.83 2.98 0.88 0.82 94.0
PH4CV 1.15 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.94 1.13 1.13 1.37 0.79 0.57 1.17 2.41 0.27 0.88 0.32 0.85 2.77 0.99 0.73 74.3
Z3 0.44 0.72 0.00 0.46 0.74 0.64 0.98 0.65 0.48 0.46 0.82 2.08 0.31 0.24 0.31 1.01 0.78 0.65 0.45 69.5
YY22 0.52 0.89 0.00 0.34 0.97 0.90 0.98 0.99 0.96 0.60 1.29 2.06 0.27 0.32 0.27 0.99 1.17 0.80 0.49 62.1
87-1 0.65 1.04 0.00 0.43 0.89 0.83 0.96 0.82 0.52 0.97 1.65 1.70 0.59 0.43 0.58 1.02 0.75 0.81 0.42 51.5
AVG 0.75 0.70 0.00 0.21 0.85 0.87 1.05 0.96 0.60 0.58 1.17 2.23 0.31 0.51 0.32 0.93 1.79 0.81 0.55 68.1
SD 0.34 0.36 0.00 0.23 0.16 0.18 0.10 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.28 0.35 0.15 0.23 0.13 0.09 1.01
CV 44.7 50.9 0.00 111.10 19.00 21.2 9.3 25.5 38.7 35.7 24.3 15.6 47.8 45.3 40.3 9.1 56.5
总体
Total		 AVG 0.90 0.87 0.58 0.66 1.02 1.01 1.05 1.11 0.80 0.80 1.13 1.60 0.61 0.72 0.61 0.98 1.40
SD 0.22 0.24 0.44 0.36 0.32 0.26 0.10 0.36 0.31 0.23 0.23 0.60 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.13 0.78
CV(%) 24.70 27.20 75.00 54.80 31.70 25.20 9.10 32.70 39.00 28.10 20.20 37.40 54.30 43.50 49.20 13.30 55.60

表3

不同性状耐低氮指数的相关性分析

指标Index LA1 LA2 SPAD1 SPAD2 TRL RSA RAD RV RTN SDW RDW R/S SNA RNA TNA SNA/TNA RNA/TNA
LA1
LA2 0.30
SPAD1 0.30 0.26
SPAD2 0.20 0.21 0.96**
TRL 0.02 0.18 0.32 0.35
RSA 0.26 0.31 0.24 0.22 0.77**
RAD 0.40 0.09 -0.15 -0.20 -0.35 0.13
RV 0.36 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.60** 0.92** 0.40
RTN 0.25 0.43* 0.54* 0.48* 0.57* 0.44* -0.21 0.36
SDW 0.10 0.53* 0.70** 0.70** 0.48* 0.29 -0.30 0.18 0.67**
RDW 0.07 0.49* -0.19 -0.22 0.28 0.32 -0.02 0.27 0.34 0.23
R/S -0.12 -0.12 -0.72** -0.79** -0.30 -0.17 0.30 -0.06 -0.29 -0.64** 0.29
SNA 0.07 0.43* 0.81** 0.82** 0.47* 0.25 -0.48* 0.05 0.49* 0.81** -0.08 -0.81**
RNA 0.70** 0.52* 0.53* 0.39 0.04 0.09 0.27 0.19 0.51* 0.42 0.26 -0.18 0.32
TNA 0.16 0.52* 0.82** 0.81** 0.45* 0.26 -0.42 0.08 0.58** 0.86** 0.01 -0.75** 0.98** 0.43*
SNA/TNA -0.49* 0.11 0.31 0.42 0.43* 0.21 -0.63** -0.05 0.12 0.45* -0.23 -0.58** 0.68** -0.43* 0.60**
RNA/TNA 0.50* -0.08 -0.35 -0.50 -0.38 -0.13 0.66** 0.10 -0.07 -0.46* 0.24 0.64** -0.69** 0.42 -0.60** -0.97**
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