作物杂志,2023, 第3期: 94–100 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.013

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耕播方式对秸秆全量还田下麦茬直播稻生长和产量的影响

卫云飞(), 李猛, 季新, 刘娟, 王付娟, 刘秋员()   

  1. 信阳市水稻遗传改良与生理生态重点实验室/信阳市优质稻米工程技术研究中心/信阳农林学院农学院,464000,河南信阳
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-12 修回日期:2023-02-27 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 刘秋员,研究方向水稻优质高产高效栽培技术与应用,E-mail:liuqy@xyafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:卫云飞,研究方向为水稻耕作栽培,E-mail:feige9802@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32201701);河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110129);信阳市创新应用专项(20210006);信阳农林学院科技创新团队(KJCXTD-202006)

Effects of Different Tillage and Sowing Methods on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeding Rice under Full Returning of Straw

Wei Yunfei(), Li Meng, Ji Xin, Liu Juan, Wang Fujuan, Liu Qiuyuan()   

  1. Xinyang Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Improvement, Physiology and Ecology/Xinyang High Quality Rice Engineering Technology Research Center/Agriculture College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
  • Received:2023-02-12 Revised:2023-02-27 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

摘要:

为提高旱直播水稻耕播质量,实现旱直播水稻的高产稳产,在2020和2021年探究了秸秆全量还田下双轴旱地旋耕条播(T1)、单轴旱地旋耕条播(T2)和免耕撒播方式(T3)对旱直播水稻生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在水稻各主要生育时期,土壤容重均以T1处理最低,T3处理最高,而土壤孔隙度则以T1处理最高,T3处理最低。在水稻生长方面,与T2和T3处理相比,T1处理显著改善了水稻的根系氧化力,促进了分蘖的发生,同时T1处理下地上部关键时期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量和主要时期的光合势和群体生长率均提高。在产量及其构成因素方面,与T2和T3处理相比,T1处理的有效穗数和群体颖花量显著增加,穗粒数略有增加,但千粒重和结实率无显著差异,使得2年水稻产量均呈现T1>T2>T3,且各处理间差异显著。综上所述,在秸秆全量还田条件下,采用双轴旱地旋耕条播方式有利于改善土壤性状,增加根系活力,从而促进旱直播稻的高产稳产。

关键词: 耕播方式, 秸秆还田, 旱直播, 产量, 水稻

Abstract:

In order to improve the cultivation quality of rice in dry direct-seeding and achieve its high and stable grain yield, the effects of different tillage and sowing methods, dryland biaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method (T1), dryland uniaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method (T2) and dryland no-tillage and broadcast sowing method (T3), on the growth and yield of dry direct-seeding rice under full straw returning were investigated in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that the soil bulk density was the lowest in T1 and the highest in T3 treatment, while the soil porosity was the highest in T1 and the lowest in T3 treatment. In terms of rice growth, compared with T2 and T3 treatments, T1 significantly improved the root oxidation activity and promoted the occurrence of tillering of rice. At the same time, the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of the shoot in the main stages and the photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate in the main stages were improved under T1 treatment. In terms of grain yield and its components, compared with T2 and T3 treatments, T1 treatment significantly increased the number of panicles and spikelets, slightly increased spikelets per panicle, but there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate, which made the grain yield of different treatments showed the rule of T1>T2>T3 in two years, and there were significant differences among all treatments. In summary, under the condition of full straw returning to the paddy field, the dryland biaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method was beneficial to soil properties and increase root activity, and promoted the high and stable grain yield of dry direct-seeding rice.

Key words: Tillage and sowing method, Straw returned, Dry direct-seeding, Yield, Rice

表1

不同耕播方式对稻田土壤容重和孔隙度的影响

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
土壤容重Soil bulk density (g/cm3) 土壤孔隙度Soil porosity (%)
分蘖中期
MT
拔节期
JT
抽穗期
HT
成熟期
MA
分蘖中期
MT
拔节期
JT
抽穗期
HT
成熟期
MA
2020 T1 0.81c 1.08c 1.10c 1.13c 69.2a 59.3a 58.6a 57.5a
T2 1.01b 1.29b 1.32b 1.37b 62.2b 51.1b 50.4b 48.3b
T3 1.24a 1.63a 1.58a 1.71a 53.4c 38.7c 40.6c 35.7c
2021 T1 0.87c 1.10c 1.21c 1.22c 67.5a 58.8a 54.8a 54.1a
T2 1.07b 1.30b 1.35b 1.41b 59.7b 50.7b 49.2b 47.0b
T3 1.31a 1.49a 1.65a 1.61a 50.8c 43.8c 37.7c 39.4c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Y×T NS * NS * NS * NS NS

图1

不同耕播方式对水稻根系氧化力的影响 不同字母表示在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。下同

图2

不同耕播方式对水稻茎蘖数的影响

表2

不同耕播方式对水稻叶面积指数和光合势的影响

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
LAI 光合势Photosynthetic potential [(m2·d)/hm2]
分蘖中期
MT
拔节期
JT
抽穗期
HT
成熟期
MA
播种-分蘖中期
ST-MT
分蘖中期-拔节期
MT-JT
拔节-抽穗期
JT-HT
抽穗期-成熟期
HT-MA
2020 T1 3.3a 4.8a 7.8a 4.3a 66.1a 60.8a 157.5a 302.6a
T2 3.0b 4.3b 7.2b 3.9b 59.9b 55.5b 145.1b 277.4b
T3 2.6c 3.8c 6.9b 3.6c 52.1c 48.1c 133.8c 262.5c
2021 T1 3.5a 5.1a 8.1a 4.5a 71.3a 64.2a 163.8a 315.1a
T2 3.1b 4.2b 7.6b 4.1b 62.6b 55.2b 147.1b 291.5b
T3 2.5c 3.7c 7.3b 3.5c 48.9c 46.1c 137.5c 269.9c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** * ** ** ** ** **
Y×T NS NS NS NS * * NS NS

表3

不同耕播方式对水稻地上干重和群体生长率的影响

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
地上部干重Above-ground dry weight (t/hm2) 群体生长率Crop growth rate [g/(m2?d)]
分蘖中期
MT
拔节期
JT
抽穗期
HT
成熟期
MA
播种-分蘖中期
ST-MT
分蘖中期-拔节期
MT-JT
拔节-抽穗期
JT-HT
抽穗期-成熟期
HT-MA
2020 T1 2.9a 5.5a 13.1a 22.2a 7.2a 17.7a 30.3a 18.1a
T2 2.5b 4.9b 12.7ab 20.3b 6.3b 16.0b 31.1a 15.1b
T3 2.2c 4.4c 12.4b 18.7c 5.3c 15.4b 31.8a 12.6c
2021 T1 2.6a 5.3a 13.3a 21.8a 6.4a 18.3a 31.7b 18.3a
T2 2.3b 4.7b 12.9ab 20.7b 5.8b 15.8b 32.8ab 15.6b
T3 2.0c 4.1c 12.6b 19.2c 5.0c 14.1c 34.1a 13.2c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS ** * NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** * ** ** ** NS **
Y×T NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS

表4

不同耕播方式对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
有效穗数
Panicles number
穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle
群体颖花量
Spikelet number
结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)
千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
产量
Yield (t/hm2)
2020 T1 435.1a 102.2a 44 472.2a 86.0a 28.0a 10.7a
T2 393.7b 98.2b 38 648.6b 86.7a 27.9a 9.5b
T3 388.0b 91.0c 35 300.5c 87.2a 28.3a 8.6c
2021 T1 459.9a 95.7a 44 003.4a 87.1a 28.4a 10.9a
T2 404.4b 93.3a 37 728.4b 87.6a 28.9a 9.6b
T3 391.5c 84.8b 33 208.7c 87.4a 28.5a 8.3c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** NS NS **
Y×T * NS NS NS NS NS
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