湘早籼45号头季与再生季产量及镉积累分配对灌溉方式的响应

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为给再生稻的安全生产提供科学依据，以湖南省主栽早稻品种湘早籼45号为材料，比较研究2种灌溉方式（淹水灌溉和间歇灌溉）下水稻头季与再生季的产量、土壤有效镉含量、各器官镉含量与积累量、镉转移系数与富集系数。结果表明，间歇灌溉显著提高水稻生物量及产量，头季产量间歇灌溉比淹水灌溉高13.86%，再生季产量也以间歇灌溉处理略高；淹水灌溉处理显著降低水稻镉含量和积累量，其中头季与再生季糙米镉含量分别较间歇灌溉处理降低37.93%与43.90%，植株总镉积累量分别下降52.41%与53.40%。灌溉方式对头季与再生季镉转移系数影响规律不一致，头季镉转移系数淹水灌溉显著大于间歇灌溉，再生季表现相反。淹水灌溉显著降低土壤有效镉含量与水稻镉富集系数，头季与再生季成熟期淹水处理土壤有效镉含量相比间歇灌溉分别降低10.81%与16.92%。可见，淹水灌溉使水稻产量、糙米镉含量、土壤有效镉含量与镉富集系数降低，但头季与再生季降幅存在一定差异，产量降幅以头季稻较大，糙米镉含量与积累量、土壤有效镉含量降幅以再生季较大。

关键词: 再生稻, 灌溉方式, 产量, 镉积累分配

Abstract:

To provide a scientific basis for the safe production of ratooning rice, taking Xiangzaoxian 45, the main early rice variety in Hunan province, as the material, the yield, soil available Cd content, Cd content and accumulation in various organs, Cd transfer coefficient and enrichment coefficient of rice in main crop and ratooning season under two irrigation methods (flooded irrigation and intermittent irrigation) were compared. The results showed that, intermittent irrigation significantly increased the biomass and yield of rice, and the yield of main crop in intermittent irrigation treatment was 13.86% higher than that of flooded irrigation treatment, and the yield of ratooning rice was also slightly higher in intermittent irrigation treatment. Compared with intermittent irrigation, flooded irrigation significantly decreased the Cd content and accumulation of rice, in which Cd content in brown rice decreased by 37.93% and 43.90%, respectively, and the total Cd accumulation in plants decreased by 52.41% and 53.40% in main crop and ratooning season, respectively. Effects of irrigation methods on Cd transfer coefficient in the main crop was inconsistent with that in ratooning rice. The Cd transfer coefficient in flooded irrigation treatment was significantly higher than in intermittent irrigation treatment in main crop, but ratooning rice was the opposite. Flooding irrigation significantly reduced the content of soil available Cd and Cd enrichment coefficient of rice. Compared with flooded irrigation treatment, intermittent irrigation reduced the contents of soil available Cd contents by 10.81% and 16.92% at maturity stage of main crop and ratooning rice, respectively. It could be seen that flooding irrigation reduced rice yield, Cd content in brown rice, available Cd content in soil and Cd enrichment coefficient, but there was a certain difference between main crop and ratooning rice. The decline of rice yield was larger in main crop, and that of Cd content and accumulation in brown rice and soil available Cd content were larger in ratooning season.

Key words: Ratooning rice, Irrigation method, Yield, Cd accumulation and distribution

袁帅, 陈基旺, 陈平平, 易镇邪. 湘早籼45号头季与再生季产量及镉积累分配对灌溉方式的响应[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (3): 101–108

Yuan Shuai, Chen Jiwang, Chen Pingping, Yi Zhenxie. Response of Yield and Cd Accumulation and Distribution in Main Crop and Ratooning Rice of Xiangzaoxian 45 to Irrigation Methods[J]. Crops, 2023(3): 101–108

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季别 Season	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (×10⁶/hm²)	穗总粒数 Total grain per panicle	穗实粒数 Filled grain per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (t/hm²)	实际产量 Actual yield (t/hm²)
头季 Main crop	G1	3.75b	81.89a	68.39a	83.51a	25.54a	6.56b	6.42b
头季 Main crop	G2	3.89a	83.75a	70.99a	84.76a	26.57a	7.33a	7.31a
再生季 Ratooning rice	G1	6.21a	62.96a	32.96a	52.35a	22.18a	4.54a	4.46a
再生季 Ratooning rice	G2	6.08a	65.34a	33.67a	51.53a	22.45a	4.60a	4.51a

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	头季Main crop					再生季Ratooning rice
器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity
茎Stem	G1	0.81b	4.86b	4.36b	4.48b	3.77b	2.76b	2.62b	4.22b
	G2	1.24a	5.95a	5.25a	5.44a	4.31a	3.05a	2.78a	4.53a
叶Leaf	G1	0.66b	1.52b	1.34b	1.41b	1.43b	1.43a	0.76a	1.00b
	G2	0.78a	2.07a	2.11a	1.72a	1.55a	1.12b	0.78a	1.25a
穗Panicle	G1	-	-	2.04b	5.68a	7.05b	0.75b	2.04b	5.54b
	G2	-	-	2.27a	4.01b	7.82a	1.04a	2.97a	5.66a
稻桩Stubble	G1	-	-	-	-	-	1.76b	1.29b	0.91b
	G2	-	-	-	-	-	1.81a	1.40a	1.08a

季别Season	处理Treatment	分蘖盛期Peak tillering	孕穗期Booting	齐穗期Full heading	灌浆中期Mid-filling	成熟期Maturity
头季Main crop	G1	0.46b	0.45b	0.34b	0.56b	0.66b
	G2	0.56a	0.57a	0.38a	0.72a	0.74a
再生季Ratooning rice	G1	?	?	0.43b	0.49b	0.54b
	G2	?	?	0.54a	0.57a	0.65a

季别 Season	生育阶段 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	总积累量 Total accumulation	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	稻桩 Stubble
头季Main crop	移栽―齐穗	G1	5108.53b	4662.29b	232.16b	214.09b	-
		G2	7204.05a	6512.58a	428.66a	262.81a	-
	齐穗―灌浆中期	G1	868.08a	679.49a	-15.54a	204.13a	-
		G2	374.45b	478.33b	-122.31b	18.43b	-
	灌浆中期―成熟	G1	7550.43b	7171.01b	-66.23b	445.65b	-
		G2	20 847.53a	18 858.10a	3.22a	1986.21a	-
再生季Ratooning rice	头季收割―齐穗	G1	465.69b	2283.13b	280.36b	155.76b	-2253.55b
		G2	9891.64a	5798.50a	528.42a	413.49a	3151.23a
	齐穗―灌浆中期	G1	7771.17a	1306.99a	23.74a	431.58b	6008.86a
		G2	898.60b	-449.22b	-97.54b	950.60a	494.77b
	灌浆中期―成熟	G1	4194.79b	6752.98b	150.79b	1680.59b	-4389.57b
		G2	15 846.50a	13 310.77a	423.83a	2573.71a	-461.82a

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	头季Main crop					再生季Ratooning rice
器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Peak tillering	孕穗期 Booting	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity	齐穗期 Full heading	灌浆中期 Mid-filling	成熟期 Maturity
茎Stem	G1	0.70a	1.41a	3.15b	2.14a	5.00b	1.90b	2.81b	4.58b
	G2	0.39b	1.03b	3.26a	1.83b	8.28a	3.52a	3.39a	6.29a
叶Leaf	G1	0.28a	0.37b	0.51a	0.28b	0.13b	0.45b	0.82b	0.85b
	G2	0.23b	0.51a	0.53a	0.24a	0.21a	0.88a	0.98a	1.04a
穗Panicle	G1	-	-	0.30a	0.13b	0.53b	0.48b	0.59b	0.77b
	G2	-	-	0.31a	0.16a	0.72a	0.74a	0.81a	1.06a
稻桩Stubble	G1	-	-	-	-	3.87b	2.97b	8.61b	7.95b
	G2	-	-	-	-	4.62a	10.45a	13.49a	14.43a