水氮互作对花针期花生生理特性及生长的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.06.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确花针期水氮互作对花生生理特性及生长的影响，试验于铁岭市花生示范基地防雨棚中进行，设正常灌水和花针期干旱处理，副处理设0、90、180kg/hm²（分别为N0、N1、N2）共3个氮水平，研究水、氮互作对花生植株性状指标、内源保护酶活性等的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，干旱处理的各性状指标、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、根系活力和干物质重降低，叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量、根冠比（R/S）增大。N1处理最有利于植株抗旱性的整体提高，N0和N2处理则表现相反。复水后10d，干旱处理的花生内源保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白质、MDA、Pro含量迅速恢复至正常处理水平，但根系活力和干物质重仍低于正常处理水平。并且施氮肥有利于提高干旱处理的各性状指标，如花生叶片内源保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白质和Pro含量、根系活力、干物质重、R/S和水分胁迫指数。综上，N1处理较适宜，耐旱性较好。因此，可以通过施氮肥提高花生的抗氧化能力，进而提高抗旱性。

关键词: 花生, 花针期, 水氮互作, 生理特性

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of water and nitrogen interaction on physiological characteristics and growth of peanut during the pod-pin stage, the changes of traits of peanut plants, endogenous protective enzyme activity, soluble protein, MDA, root activity and dry matter weight in peanut leaves were examined with soil water stress. The experiment was conducted by a normal irrigation with a short drought treatment under the rainproof shelter of Tieling peanut demonstration base and each treatment was imposed by three nitrogen levels: 0, 90, 180kg N/ha (N0, N1, N2). The results showed that, compered with control, the character indexes of peanut, the activity of CAT, solube protein content, root activity, and dry matter weight were reduced; SOD and POD activity, MDA and proline content, the root/shoot ratio (R/S) were increased. The drought resistant of peanut with N1 treatment had a good performance, and the N0 and N2 had a opposite performance. Ten days after rehydration, the endogenous protective enzyme activities, soluble protein, MDA and proline contents recovered rapidly, but root activity and dry matter weight were showed still lower than normal water treatment levels. In addition, N application could promote the traits of peanut plants, such as endogenous protective enzyme activities, soluble protein and proline content, root ability, dry matter weight, R/S, and reduced water stress index. To sum up, N1 treatment was the most suitable N application for the drought stress, and the antioxidant ability of peanut can be improved by optimal application of nitrogen fertilizer, and then enhance the drought resistance.

Key words: Peanut, Pod-pin stage, Water and nitrogen interaction, Physiological characteristics

修俊杰, 刘学良. 水氮互作对花针期花生生理特性及生长的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (6): 174–180

Xiu Junjie, Liu Xueliang. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Physiological Characteristics and Growth of Peanut during the Pod-Pin Stage[J]. Crops, 2023(6): 174–180

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水分处理 Water treatment		T1			T2
水分处理 Water treatment	N0	N1	N2	N0	N1	N2
干旱处理 Drought-stress	32.75c	25.19c	19.31c	77.15c	78.13c	76.83c
正常灌水 Well-watering	75.95a	72.87a	72.12a	75.04a	74.78a	74.01a

水分处理 Water treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	T1					T2
水分处理 Water treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	根长 Root length (cm)	主茎高 Main stem height (cm)	侧枝长 Branch length (cm)	分枝数 Branch number	主茎叶数 Main stem leaves	根长 Root length (cm)	主茎高 Main stem height (cm)	侧枝长 Branch length (cm)	分枝数 Branch number	主茎叶数 Main stem leaves
干旱处理 Drought-stress	N0	27.5f	16.4e	18.1f	5.9d	12.9e	31.1e	18.2f	20.4e	6.3e	13.5e
干旱处理 Drought-stress	N1	30.9d	21.2c	23.8d	7.3c	13.8d	35.5c	24.9d	26.8c	8.2c	14.9d
	N2	34.7b	25.5b	29.1b	8.2b	15.2b	40.1a	30.5b	32.4b	9.4b	16.4b
正常灌水 Well-watering	N0	28.6e	19.1d	20.9e	6.2d	13.1e	30.7e	20.8e	23.7d	6.8d	14.1e
正常灌水 Well-watering	N1	32.3c	25.3b	28.2c	8.2b	14.5c	34.2d	29.2c	31.8b	9.3b	15.7c
	N2	36.8a	30.8a	35.4a	9.5a	16.1a	38.4b	36.3a	38.7a	10.8a	17.8a

水分处理 Water treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	T1			T2
水分处理 Water treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (g)	根冠比 Root/shoot	水分胁迫指数 Water stress index	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (g)	根冠比 Root/shoot	水分胁迫指数 Water stress index
干旱处理 Drought-stress	N0	192.2b	0.085a	0.071c	327.1c	0.075b	0.092a
干旱处理 Drought-stress	N1	255.1a	0.077b	0.109b	416.8b	0.076b	0.075b
	N2	269.3a	0.078b	0.143a	475.3a	0.078a	0.053c
正常灌水 Well-watering	N0	206.8c	0.084a		360.3c	0.062d
正常灌水 Well-watering	N1	286.3b	0.076b		450.8b	0.063d
	N2	314.2a	0.077b		502.1a	0.065c