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作物杂志,2026, 第3期: 71–79 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.03.010

• 第二十八届中国科协年会学术论文专栏（主要粮食作物产能品质提升与高质量发展路径） • 上一篇    下一篇

植物生长调节剂复配腐植酸对玉米茎秆强度、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响

颜培启1(), 孔令捷1, 池昇隆1, 于洋1, 孔德庸1, 孙海燕1,2()   

  1. 1 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院， 163319， 黑龙江大庆
    2 黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室， 163319， 黑龙江大庆
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26 修回日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 孙海燕，主要从事植物营养与生理研究，E-mail：shysun7908@126.com
  • 作者简介:颜培启，主要从事植物营养与肥料研究，E-mail：1946142877@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省“双一流”学科协同创新成果建设项目“粮食作物绿色低碳”(LJGXCG2022-107)

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators Combined with Humic Acid on Stalk Strength, Grain Filling and Yield in Maize

Yan Peiqi1(), Kong Lingjie1, Chi Shenglong1, Yu Yang1, Kong Deyong1, Sun Haiyan1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2025-05-26 Revised:2025-06-09 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-17

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摘要：

合理提高单株粒重与种植密度有助于提高玉米产量，但密度过高易引发倒伏及抑制果穗发育等问题。以玉米品种先玉335为试验材料，在高密度（82 500株/hm2）种植条件下，于拔节期喷施乙烯利（ETH，500 mg/L）+胺鲜酯（DA-6，25 mg/L）（ED）或芸苔素内酯（BR，100 mg/L）（EB），与0（1）、200（2）、400（3）、600（4）和800 mg/L（5）浓度的腐植酸（HA）复配，共11个处理（商用调节剂玉黄金为对照），研究其对茎秆强度、籽粒灌浆及产量的调控效应。结果表明，在生育期内，ED3和ED5处理显著提高了茎粗，较CK处理平均提高2.93%~3.74%；与CK处理相比，EB3和ED3处理的穿刺强度分别显著提高9.80%和14.46%，压折强度分别显著提高9.32%和14.09%；ED3和EB4处理的百粒重较CK处理分别提高3.95%和2.33%。百粒重与灌浆参数Vmax、Wmax和Va呈极显著正相关，与W2和V2呈显著正相关，ED3处理对籽粒灌浆参数的促进效果最优。ED3与EB4较CK处理分别增产4.69%和5.40%。综上所述，ED3和EB4处理可显著增强玉米茎秆强度，提升抗倒伏能力，同时优化籽粒灌浆进程，进而显著提高产量，适用于本研究的高密度种植模式。

关键词: 玉米, 植物生长调节剂, 腐植酸, 茎秆强度, 籽粒灌浆, 产量

Abstract:

Reasonably increasing the grain weight per plant and the planting density helps improve maize yield, but excessive density tends to cause problems such as lodging and inhibition of ear development. Using maize variety Xianyu 335 as the experimental material, under high-density (82 500 plants/ha) planting conditions, ethephon (ETH, 500 mg/L) + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6, 25 mg/L) (ED) or brassinolide (BR, 100 mg/L) (EB) were sprayed at the jointing stage in combination with humic acid (HA) at concentrations of 0 (1), 200 (2), 400 (3), 600 (4), and 800 mg/L (5). A total of 11 treatments (with commercial regulator Yuhuangjin as the control, CK) were established to study their regulatory effects on stalk strength, grain filling, and yield. The results showed that during the growth period, ED3 and ED5 treatments significantly increased stem diameter, with an average increase of 2.93%-3.74% compared with CK. Compared with CK, the puncture strength of EB3 and ED3 treatments significantly increased by 9.80% and 14.46%, while the crushing strength significantly increased by 9.32% and 14.09%, respectively. The 100-grain weight of ED3 and EB4 treatments increased by 3.95% and 2.33% compared with CK, respectively. The 100-grain weight was extremely significantly positively correlated with grain filling parameters Vmax, Wmax, and Va, and significantly positively correlated with W2 and V2. ED3 treatment showed the best promotion effect on grain filling parameters. The yields of ED3 and EB4 treatments increased by 4.69% and 5.40% compared with CK, respectively. In conclusion, ED3 and EB4 treatments significantly enhanced stalk strength, improved lodging resistance, and optimized the grain filling process, thereby significantly increasing maize yield. These treatments are recommended for the high-density planting pattern used in this study.

Key words: Maize, Plant growth regulators, Humic acid, Stalk strength, Grain filling, Yield

表1

不同处理的调节剂复配HA浓度

处理
Treatment		 调节剂
Regulator		 HA浓度
HA concentration (mg/L)
CK 玉黄金 0
ED1 ETH+DA-6 0
ED2 ETH+DA-6 200
ED3 ETH+DA-6 400
ED4 ETH+DA-6 600
ED5 ETH+DA-6 800
EB1 ETH+BR 0
EB2 ETH+BR 200
EB3 ETH+BR 400
EB4 ETH+BR 600
EB5 ETH+BR 800

图1

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米茎粗的影响 不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著。下同。

表2

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米茎粗影响的主体效应检验

自变量
Independent variable		 因变量
Dependent variable		 平方和
SS		 自由度
df		 均方
MS		 F P 偏η2
ηp2 (%)
HAC 茎粗Stem diameter 6.546 4.000 1.637 7.521 0.001 25.1
PGR 9.565 1.000 9.565 43.957 0.001 32.8
HAC×PGR 36.179 4.000 9.045 41.564 0.001 64.9
误差Error 19.585 90.000 0.218
总计Total 71 323.379 120.000

图2

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米茎秆强度的影响

表3

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米茎秆强度影响的主体效应检验

自变量
Independent variable		 因变量
Dependent variable		 平方和
SS		 自由度
df		 均方
MS		 F P 偏η2
ηp2 (%)
HAC 压折强度 744.916 4 186.229 50.943 0.001 69.4
PGR 125.495 1 125.495 34.329 0.001 27.6
HAC×PGR 196.968 4 49.242 13.470 0.001 37.4
HAC 穿刺强度 21 682.123 4 5420.531 119.971 0.001 84.2
PGR 241.117 1 241.117 5.337 0.023 5.6
HAC×PGR 4340.569 4 1085.142 24.017 0.001 51.6
误差Error 压折强度 329.007 90 3.656
穿刺强度 4066.398 90 45.182
总计Total 压折强度 420 660.845 120
穿刺强度 8 101 603.990 120

图3

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米百粒重的影响

表4

Richards方程及玉米籽粒灌浆参数

处理
Treatment		 Richards方程
Richards equation		 灌浆参数Grain filling parameter 决定系数
R2
A B K D
CK y=34.908/(1+44.694e-0.096t)1/0.639 34.908bcd 44.694 0.096 0.639 0.997
ED1 y=34.496/(1+1.562e-0.078t)1/0.206 34.496cd 1.562 0.078 0.206 0.992
ED2 y=34.06/(1+7.554e-0.091t)1/0.547 34.060cd 7.554 0.091 0.547 0.996
ED3 y=36.473/(1+13.665e-0.099t)1/0.663 36.473ab 13.665 0.099 0.663 0.986
ED4 y=34.199/(1+3.445e-0.085t)1/0.353 34.199cd 4.753 0.903 0.401 0.993
ED5 y=35.763/(1+3.168e-0.083t)1/0.339 35.763abc 3.168 0.083 0.339 0.992
EB1 y=35.247/(1+3.132e-0.082t)1/0.322 35.247abcd 3.132 0.082 0.322 0.994
EB2 y=33.841/(1+20.511e-0.105t)1/0.771 33.841d 20.511 0.105 0.771 0.994
EB3 y=34.133/(1+11.597e-0.089t)1/0.672 34.133cd 11.597 0.089 0.672 0.993
EB4 y=36.889/(1+1.808e-0.075t)1/0.246 36.889a 1.808 0.075 0.246 0.988
EB5 y=34.582/(1+21.987e-0.098t)1/0.596 34.582cd 21.987 0.098 0.596 0.996

图4

玉米籽粒灌浆拟合方程及灌浆速率曲线

表5

玉米百粒重与籽粒灌浆参数相关性分析

指标Index Vmax Wmax Va W2 W3 V2
百粒重100-grain weight 0.486** 0.397** 0.390** 0.321* -0.320* 0.371*

表6

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米灌浆参数的影响

处理
Treatment		 Tmax
(d)		 Vmax
(g/d)		 Wmax
(g)		 Va
(g/d)		 D0
(d)		 R0
CK 28.302ab 0.939bc 15.794ab 0.631ab 55.651bc 0.221c
ED1 25.814e 0.895d 13.895c 0.606bc 56.971b 0.411a
ED2 28.106b 0.905d 15.320b 0.61bc 55.871b 0.173de
ED3 29.531a 1.007a 16.890a 0.677a 53.852cd 0.155e
ED4 26.012de 0.947bc 14.711bc 0.640ab 53.474d 0.250c
ED5 26.677cde 0.933c 15.112bc 0.632ab 56.979b 0.250c
EB1 26.579cde 0.899d 15.572b 0.608bc 62.261a 0.380a
EB2 27.302bcd 0.948bc 16.004ab 0.636ab 53.404d 0.149e
EB3 28.570ab 0.838e 15.771ab 0.563c 60.784a 0.141e
EB4 26.157cde 0.902d 15.078bc 0.612bc 60.338a 0.330b
EB5 27.458bc 0.961b 15.558b 0.647ab 53.703cd 0.209cd

表7

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米灌浆阶段的影响

处理
Treatment		 渐增期Gradual increase period 快增期Rapid increase period 缓增期Slow increase period
t1 (d) W1 (g) V1 (g/d) t2 (d) W2 (g) V2 (g/d) t3 (d) W3 (g) V3 (g/d)
CK 15.399b 4.453bcd 0.2889b 26.305de 20.573cd 0.782cd 42.226c 8.842abc 0.209bc
ED1 12.268cd 3.888cd 0.316b 27.094cd 20.982bc 0.774d 45.864b 9.284ab 0.202bcd
ED2 14.970b 5.608a 0.375a 25.770e 20.240cd 0.786cd 37.661de 8.096de 0.215b
ED3 17.259a 4.997ab 0.2889b 24.543ef 21.321bc 0.869a 34.408f 7.513cd 0.219b
ED4 13.500c 4.580bc 0.338ab 25.022ef 19.773d 0.791cd 38.997d 9.511a 0.247a
ED5 13.272cd 4.432bcd 0.336ab 26.811cd 20.862bc 0.779d 42.881c 8.766bc 0.205bcd
EB1 11.898d 3.964cd 0.336ab 29.612a 23.304a 0.787cd 47.663a 7.157e 0.150e
EB2 15.257b 5.220ab 0.341ab 24.089f 19.644d 0.816bc 33.023f 8.656bc 0.262a
EB3 14.973b 4.890ab 0.327ab 27.695bc 21.755b 0.786cd 39.324d 7.349e 0.187cd
EB4 11.854d 3.689d 0.315b 28.605ab 21.856b 0.764d 47.558ab 8.669bc 0.183d
EB5 15.126b 4.923ab 0.326ab 24.665ef 20.671cd 0.838ab 36.591e 8.112cd 0.222b

表8

植物生长调节剂复配HA对玉米产量及其构成因素的影响

处理
Treatment		 百粒重
100-grain
weight (g)		 穗行数
Kernel rows
per ear		 行粒数
Kernels
per row		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
CK 33.44bc 16.67a 36.33bc 14 581.44d
ED1 32.41de 16.00a 35.33c 14 082.40f
ED2 32.93cde 16.00a 35.67bc 14 255.38e
ED3 34.76a 16.67a 39.67a 15 368.21a
ED4 32.95cde 16.67a 38.33bc 14 829.57c
ED5 33.53bc 16.67a 37.00b 15 179.93b
EB1 33.66bc 16.67a 36.33bc 14 900.96c
EB2 32.81cde 16.00a 35.67bc 14 453.32d
EB3 32.32e 16.67a 36.00bc 14 470.56d
EB4 34.21ab 16.67a 39.33a 15 265.47ab
EB5 33.23cd 16.67a 36.33bc 14 753.51c
HAC * ns ** **
PGR ns ns * **
HAC×PGR ** ns * **
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