Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 32-38.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.02.006

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Responses of Yield and Photosynthesis Characteristics to Density of Dryland Winter Wheat Cultivated from Different Decades on the Loess Plateau

Sun Yingying1,2,Yan Xiaojuan2,Zhang Suiqi2,3,Wang Nan2,Han Jichang1   

  1. 1 Shaanxi Land Engineering & Technology Institute Company Limited/Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering,Xi’an 710075,Shaanxi,China;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;
    3 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China
  • Received:2015-10-19 Revised:2016-02-18 Online:2016-04-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Suiqi Zhang

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Abstract:

An experiment was conducted to verify how the grain yield and associated photosynthesis characteristics of wheat responded to density with cultivar replacement. Seven wheat cultivars released from 1940 to 2004 were once widely grown on the Loess Plateau during the 2011-2012 growing season at the Changwu experimental station in China,using three densities (100,250,and 350 seeds/m 2). The grain yield increased linearly with cultivar development at all densities,with annual genetic gains ranged from 0.65% to 1.29%. The cultivars released after the 1980s were less sensitive to density and had better population regulation. The improvement in the harvest index and thousand-grain weight of the modern cultivars were significantly and positively correlated with the grain yield. The photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf and the leaf area index at anthesis stage consistently increased with cultivar replacement,contributing more to the thousand-grain weight and resulted to the increase of grain yield. One reason to adaptation of modern cultivars for modern cultivation was their lower sensitivity to density. Thus,larger sink for the grains and the optimization of plant types for light interception should be given greater consideration in dryland wheat breeding on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: Dryland wheat, Genetic gain, Planting density, Light interception ability

Table 1

Representative cultivars of dryland winter wheat on the Loess Plateau from 1940 to 2004"

品种Cultivar 种植年代
Decade		 育成年份
Year		 亲本Pedigree 育成地
Breeding site		 矮秆基因
Dwarfing gene
蚂蚱麦Mazha 1940s 1940 Landrace 陕西省 none
碧蚂1号Bima 1 1950s 1951 Mazha/Biyu 陕西省 none
丰产3号Fengchan 3 1960s 1964 Danmai 1/Xinong 6028×Bima1 陕西省 none
旱选10号Hanxuan 10 1970s 1966 Nongda 16/Huabei 187 山西省 none
小偃6号Xiaoyan 6 1980s 1981 (ST2422×464)/Xiaoyan96 陕西省 Rht-B1b+Rht8
长武134 Changwu 134 1990s 1997 (Changwu131×Xiaohei96)F1/Changwu131)F4/(Jinghua3/NS2761)F1 陕西省 Rht-B1b
长旱58 Changhan 58 2000s 2004 Changwu112/PH82-2 陕西省 Rht-B1b

Table 2

Yields of the 7 winter wheat cultivars under different seeding rates kg/hm2"

年份Year 低密度LD 中密度MD 高密度HD 变异系数CV(%)
1940 4 043b 5 210a 3 533b 20
1951 4 413b 6 023a 4 270b 20
1964 6 590a 5 593ab 4 970b 14
1966 4 160b 5 243a 3 873b 16
1981 5 833b 6 690a 5 093b 14
1997 6 860ab 7 250a 6 320b 7
2004 7 166c 8 183b 9 496a 14
遗传增益Genetic gain(%) 0.65 1.29 0.93 -1.15
R2 0.7920* 0.8149** 0.8327* 0.5558*
SE 511 422 771 0.137

Fig.1

Plant height at maturity of the 7 winter wheat cultivars under different seeding rates * and ** indiate significant different are P<0.05,P<0.01,respectively.The same below."

Table 3

Yield components of the 7 winter wheat cultivars under different seeding rates"

育成年份Year 地上部生物量
Aboveground biomass(kg/hm2)		 收获指数
Harvest index (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight(g)
低密度LD 中密度MD 高密度HD 低密度LD 中密度MD 高密度HD 低密度LD 中密度MD 高密度HD
1940 12 093 16 567 13 710 29.5 32.2 27.0 37.2 35.4 35.3
1951 13 933 12 733 13 760 31.8 39.9 31.2 41.7 40.1 39.9
1964 13 763 15 527 11 253 43.3 33.3 31.5 42.1 41.7 40.5
1966 12 807 15 443 11 980 32.5 37.5 31.8 35.8 35.1 34.2
1981 13 200 17 577 13 683 41.1 40.6 36.4 42.5 41.7 40.5
1997 15 387 18 340 14 063 44.0 43.7 41.9 48.3 46.6 45.8
2004 15 037 16 820 18 343 44.2 48.4 50.8 45.4 44.7 42.4
遗传增益Genetic gain(%) 0.29 0.30 0.37 0.64 0.52 0.88 0.34 0.37 0.31
R2 0.6304* 0.3549 0.3191 0.7116* 0.7245* 0.9275** 0.5658* 0.6334* 0.5172
SE 444.7 690.4 852.5 2.5 2.1* 3.1 1.6 1.6 1.5
育成年份Year 单位面积穗数
Spike number(104/hm2)		 穗粒数
grain number per spike		 单位面积子粒数
Grain number(106/hm2)
低密度LD 中密度MD 高密度HD 低密度LD 中密度MD 高密度HD 低密度LD 中密度MD 高密度HD
1940 450.7 739.3 686.3 37.1 31.8 27.4 168.0 235.5 187.6
1951 516.7 659.3 594.3 30.5 25.9 22.2 145.2 171.3 131.9
1964 539.0 638.7 536.3 32.1 25.8 23.4 173.8 164.1 125.5
1966 576.7 742.0 688.3 31.8 21.8 19.5 183.3 162.0 134.2
1981 554.7 847.0 753.0 31.3 27.0 29.8 181.7 231.1 225.2
1997 561.7 748.3 617.3 35.0 24.5 26.1 196.5 183.8 158.8
2004 484.0 604.3 726.0 40.4 34.8 31.6 194.5 210.7 228.0
遗传增益Genetic gain(%) 0.12 0.04 0.15 0.18 0.09 0.36 0.35 0.05 0.49
R2 0.1041 0.0076 0.0837 0.1607 0.0179 0.2403 0.6415* 0.0056 0.2063
SE 17.2 31.2 29.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 6.6 11.9 16.6

Table 4

Correlation between the yield and yield components of the 7 winter wheat under different seeding rates"

项目Item 低密度
LD		 中密度
MD		 高密度
HD
单位面积子粒数Grain number 0.650 0.248 0.548
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.858** 0.850* 0.666
地上部生物量Aboveground biomass 0.804** 0.456 0.832*
收获指数Harvest index 0.982** 0.933** 0.970**

Fig.2

Pn of flag leaf and N contents of the 7 winter wheat cultivars at anthesis under different seeding rates"

Fig.3

Canopy characteristics of the 7 winter wheat cultivars at anthesis under different seeding rates."

Table 5

Correlation between the yield and photosynthetic characteristics at anthesis under different seeding rates"

密度Density 项目Item 旗叶光合速率Pn 叶面积指数LAI 平均叶倾角MTA 冠层下可见天空比DIFN
低密度LD 产量Yield 0.832* 0.663 -0.173 -0.523
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.844 0.830* 0.286 -0.595
单位面积子粒数Grain number per unit area 0.688 0.135 -0.333 -0.167
地上部生物量Aboveground biomass 0.801 0.788* 0.315 -0.719
收获指数Harvest index 0.754 0.536 -0.263 -0.385
中密度MD 产量Yield 0.610 0.847* 0.215 -0.827*
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.600 0.598* 0.299 -0.919**
单位面积子粒数Spike number per unit area 0.634 0.396 0.542 -0.318
地上部生物量Aboveground biomass 0.377 0.548 0.032 -0.540
收获指数Harvest index 0.338 0.625 0.054 -0.603
高密度HD 产量Yield 0.799* 0.721 0.378 -0.678
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.862* 0.919** 0.683 -0.937**
单位面积子粒数Spike number per unit area 0.525 0.392 0.329 -0.393
地上部生物量Aboveground biomass 0.689 0.400 0.306 -0.419
收获指数Harvest index 0.742 0.773 0.395 -0.662
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