Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 103-110.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.01.017

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Effects of Tridimensional Uniform Sowing and Fertilizer on Grain and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat

Kainan Zhao1,2,Xuhong Chang2,Demei Wang2,Zhiqiang Tao2,Yushuang Yang2,Ruiqi Ma2,Yingjie Zhu2,Zheli Xu3,Baojun Zhang1,Guangcai Zhao2   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China;
    3 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Zhaoxian 051530, Hebei, China
  • Received:2018-10-21 Revised:2018-12-18 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: Baojun Zhang,Guangcai Zhao

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Abstract:

This study is to explore the nitrogen fertilizer operation that is compatible with the tridimensional uniform sowing in demand with the development of modern agriculture. In the field conditions, two sowing methods were used: tridimensional uniform sowing and conventional drilling; Four fertilizer treatments were used: 0 (N0), 180 (N1), 240 (N2), and 300kg/hm 2 (N3) to explore the effect of mutual antagonistic wheat yield and physiological characteristics. The results showed that under the condition of the same nitrogen application amount, the tridimensional uniform sowing seeding grain yield was higher than the conventional drilling, with the increase rate of 6.1%, 12.7%, 6.6%, and 8.4%, respectively. Under a certain sowing method, the number of ears per unit area and 1000-grain weight increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount, and the kernels per spike was N3>N1>N2>N0. Under the condition of tridimensional uniform sowing, the nitrogen level was 300kg/hm 2, the plant height, spike length and spikelet number all reached the maximum. In the late stage of grouting, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves decreased rapidly, which was significantly different from that of 240kg/hm 2 and 300kg/hm 2. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the final grain yield and its constituent elements, it is believed that under the condition of three-dimensional uniform sowing, the nitrogen application level of 240kg/hm 2 can better meet the need of nitrogen fertilizer during wheat filling period, and is conducive to the ultimate realization of wheat high yield.

Key words: Wheat, Tridimensional uniform sowing, Conventional drilling, Nitrogen application, Yield, SPAD value, Net photosynthetic rate

Table 1

Grain yield and its components of winter wheat under sowing methods and nitrogen application rates"

处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数(万/hm2)
Number of spikes		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 子粒产量(kg/hm2)
Grain yield
C1 728.69a 33.80a 38.45a 8 325.46a
C2 684.34b 33.23a 38.06a 7 677.68b
N0 669.99b 31.88b 36.37c 7 393.05c
N1 691.01ab 34.03ab 38.07b 8 054.95b
N2 727.70a 33.22b 40.64a 8 354.79a
N3 737.36a 34.93a 37.93b 8 203.48ab

Table 2

Effects of the interaction between sowing methods and nitrogen application rates on grain yield and its components in winter wheat"

播种方式
Sowing method		 施氮量Nitrogen application rate 单位面积穗数
Number of spikes
(万/hm2)		 穗粒数
Kernels
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 子粒产量
Grain yield
(kg/hm2)
C1 N0 719.03ab 32.30b 36.24c 7 610.90bc
N1 683.01ab 34.60a 38.85abc 8 534.20a
N2 749.69a 33.27ab 40.34ab 8 623.45a
N3 763.05a 35.03a 38.37abc 8 533.28a
C2 N0 620.96b 31.47b 36.50c 7 175.00c
N1 699.02ab 33.47ab 37.28c 7 575.70bc
N2 705.70ab 33.17ab 40.94a 8 086.14ab
N3 711.68a 34.83a 37.50bc 7 873.69b
F值F value 播种方式Sowing method 2.858 1.704 0.222 20.608**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate 3.104 10.345** 25.132** 21.732**
播种方式×施氮量Sowing method×nitrogen application rate 1.716 0.382 2.026 1.551

Table 3

Agronomic characteristics of winter wheat under sowing methods and nitrogen application rates"

处理Treatment 株高Plant height (cm) 穗长Spike length (cm) 小穗数Spikelet number 不孕小穗数Sterile spikelet number
C1 63.93a 6.87a 15.64a 1.84b
C2 64.12a 6.75a 15.46a 2.16a
N0 62.05b 6.50b 15.17c 2.33a
N1 64.20a 6.87a 15.52b 2.03b
N2 64.87a 6.98a 15.63ab 1.77c
N3 64.98a 6.88a 15.88a 1.90bc

Table 4

Agronomic characteristics of winter wheat under the interaction between sowing methods and nitrogen application rates"

播种方式
Sowing method		 施氮量
Nitrogen application rate		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 穗长(cm)
Spike length		 小穗数
Spikelet number		 不孕小穗数
Sterile spikelet number
C1 N0 63.07bc 6.70c 15.13c 2.07bc
N1 63.71ab 6.84abc 15.60bc 1.90cd
N2 63.83ab 6.94ab 15.47bc 1.63e
N3 65.13ab 6.98ab 16.37a 1.77de
C2 N0 61.02c 6.30d 15.20bc 2.60a
N1 64.69ab 6.90abc 15.43bc 2.17b
N2 65.91a 7.03a 15.80ab 1.90cd
N3 64.83ab 6.78bc 15.40bc 2.03bc
F值Fvalue 播种方式Sowing method 0.274 8.116* 1.533 228.432**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate 7.157* 23.527** 8.952** 20.484**
播种方式×施氮量Sowing method×nitrogen application rate 0.071 6.882* 7.932* 1.548

Fig.1

Effects of sowing methods and nitrogen application rate on the SPAD value of flag leaf in winter wheat Different small letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05), the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of sowing methods and nitrogen application rates on the SPAD value of flag leaf in winter wheat"

Fig.3

Effects of sowing methods and nitrogen application rates on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of flag leaf in winter wheat"

Fig.4

Effects of sowing methods and nitrogen application rates on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of flag leaf in winter wheat"

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