Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 151-157.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.06.022

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Effects of Sowing Dates on Growth and Yield of Hairy Vetch

Han Yunfei1,2,3,4(), Gao Riping1,2,3,4, Ren Yongfeng2,3,4, Zhao Peiyi1,2,3,4(), Liu Xiaoyue1,2,3,4, Gao Yu2,3,4, Zhang Peng2,3,4, Liang Guangrong5, Gao Jinlong5   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Institute of Resources, Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
    3Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
    4Inner Mongolia Agricultural Conservation Scientific Observation Laboratory Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 011705, Inner Mongolia, China
    5Agriculture Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Bureau of Qingshuihe County, Hohhot 011600, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2020-04-10 Revised:2020-07-22 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Zhao Peiyi E-mail:ambitieuxhyf@163.com;zhpy1972@163.com

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Abstract:

To solve practical problems such as unstable seedling condition, low yield and late ripening of hairy vetch on the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia, a field plot research with four sowing dates was designed. The four sowing dates were April 10th (ST1), April 20th (ST2), April 30th (ST3) and May 10th (ST4). The research explored the changes of different sowing dates on growth duration, agronomic characters, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of hairy vetch. Through the field plot experiment for two consecutive years, the results showed that the sowing date had a significant effect on the duration of each growth period and seedling emergence rate of hairy vetch. There were significant differences in plant height, pods per plant, seeds per plant and root nodules per plant under different sowing dates. Dry matter accumulation showed a slow-fast-slow growth trend. Among them, ST2 sowing had the best performance. In terms of yield, ST2 treatment was the highest in both years, which was 942.45-1 056.75kg/ha. The formation of grain yield was significantly related to accumulated temperature and precipitation, and the accumulated temperature had the greatest effect on grain yield. To sum up, Sowing hairy vetch on April 20th could adapt to local hydrothermal conditions to a large extent, increased the number of pods per plant, seeds per plant and root nodules per plant, and achieve stable and high yield. It is suggested that suitable sowing date for hairy vetch planting in the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia should be on April 20th.

Key words: Sowing date, Hairy vetch, Growth and development, Yield

Fig.1

Precipitation and temperature change during growth period of hairy vetch in 2018-2019"

Table 1

Growth period and duration of hairy vetch at different sowing dates 月/日Month/day"

年份 处理
Treatment		 播种期
Sowing date		 苗期
Seedling
stage		 分枝期
Branch
stage		 现蕾期
Budding
stage		 盛花期
Full flowering
stage		 结荚期
Podding
stage		 收获期
Harvest
stage		 生育期
Growth
period (d)
2018 ST1 04/10 04/24 05/12 06/04 06/15 06/30 07/30 111
ST2 04/20 05/05 05/22 06/14 06/25 07/09 08/05 107
ST3 04/30 05/12 05/28 06/17 06/28 07/13 08/07 99
ST4 05/10 05/20 06/04 06/24 07/05 07/19 08/09 91
2019 ST1 04/10 04/24 05/12 06/05 06/16 07/02 08/06 114
ST2 04/20 05/05 05/22 06/16 06/26 07/11 08/10 112
ST3 04/30 05/13 05/29 06/21 07/01 07/16 08/11 103
ST4 05/10 05/21 05/26 06/17 06/27 07/11 08/02 94

Fig.2

Emergence rates of hairy vetch at different sowing dates Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level, the same below"

Table 2

Agronomic characters of hairy vetch at different sowing dates"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(cm)		 单株分枝数Branches
per plant		 单株荚数
Pods per
plant		 单荚粒数
Seeds per
pod		 单株根瘤数
Root nodules
per plant
2018 ST1 140.7±2.5b 0.30±0.02a 9.00±0.7a 205.00±6.8b 2.00±0.1c 20.50±0.9b
ST2 147.5±3.4a 0.32±0.01a 6.50±0.9b 222.50±7.5a 3.50±0.2a 27.00±1.8a
ST3 135.7±2.8c 0.31±0.05a 7.00±0.6b 175.50±5.7c 3.00±0.1b 13.45±1.2c
ST4 126.5±4.2d 0.30±0.03a 4.00±0.5c 145.60±8.6d 2.00±0.3c 8.56±0.7d
2019
 ST1 143.5±3.3b 0.32±0.01a 11.00±0.7a 215.00±8.2b 2.50±0.2c 22.30±2.0b
ST2 150.6±5.0a 0.34±0.02a 8.50±0.8b 235.60±6.9a 4.00±0.1a 31.00±2.2a
ST3 130.5±2.9c 0.31±0.06a 7.50±0.7b 194.70±6.6c 3.50±0.4b 12.65±1.0c
ST4 121.3±4.1d 0.30±0.01a 4.50±0.6c 162.00±8.7d 2.50±0.2c 9.36±0.7d

Table 3

Correlation matrix of agronomic characters of hairy vetch at different sowing dates"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (cm)		 单株分枝数
Branches
per plant		 单株荚数
Pods per
plant		 单荚粒数
Seeds
per pod		 单株根瘤数
Root nodules
per plant
2018 株高Plant height 1
茎粗Stem diameter 0.705 1
单株分枝数Branches per plant 0.633 0.021 1
单株荚数Pods per plant 0.991** 0.608 0.684 1
单荚粒数Seeds per pod 0.651 0.986* 0.041 0.544 1
单株根瘤数Root nodules per plant 0.982* 0.661 0.560 0.987* 0.578 1
2019 株高Plant height 1
茎粗Stem diameter 0.962* 1
单株分枝数Branches per plant 0.797 0.608 1
单株荚数Pods per plant 0.987* 0.960* 0.788 1
单荚粒数Seeds per pod 0.516 0.683 0.093 0.617 1
单株根瘤数Root nodules per plant 0.979* 0.985* 0.667 0.952* 0.548 1

Fig.3

Dynamics of dry matter accumulation of hairy vetch at different sowing dates"

Table 4

Effects of sowing date on dry matter accumulation of hairy vetch kg/hm2"

年份Year 处理Treatment 苗期Seedling stage 盛花期Full flowering stage 结荚期Podding stage 收获期Harvest stage
2018 ST1 50.38±8.7c 1 135.38±35.5b 2 917.93±55.7b 3 248.25±103.4b
ST2 60.54±9.5a 1 260.65±43.6a 3 121.67±78.4a 3 759.75±111.3a
ST3 55.76±11.4b 1 115.95±36.7b 2 746.25±86.5c 2 979.75±97.5c
ST4 38.25±10.7d 1 038.34±40.0c 2 368.55±101d 2 799.75±97.4d
2019 ST1 45.86±11.6b 1 254.45±32.9b 2 688.84±86.5b 3 026.40±123.4b
ST2 52.68±8.5a 1 357.64±45.0a 2 875.30±89.4a 3 367.05±100.7a
ST3 50.45±7.7a 1 258.35±48.9b 2 320.00±68.8c 2 859.75±96.3c
ST4 37.40±10.0c 1 138.76±37.6c 2 189.75±98.4d 2 740.20±89.6d

Fig.4

Effects of sowing dates on grain yields of hairy vetch"

Fig.5

Regression analysis of the grain yield of hairy vetch and the accumulated temperature and precipitation during the growth period"

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