Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 119-126.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.018

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Effects of Sowing Dates on Yield, Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocationin Organs after Anthesis of Direct Seeding Rice

Sun Qi(), Geng Yanqiu, Jin Feng, Liu Lixin, Zheng Huantong, Guo Liying(), Shao Xiwen()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
  • Received:2020-02-03 Revised:2020-05-06 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-12
  • Contact: Guo Liying,Shao Xiwen E-mail:sunqi03@163.com;guoliying0621@163.com;shaoxiwen@126.com

Abstract:

The present research aimed to explore effects of sowing date on yield of direct seeding rice, the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen after anthesis. Direct seeding rice Baijing 1, Changbai 9 and Longjing 31 were used as experimental materials, and three sowing dates (SD1, SD2, SD3) were set up. The yield, the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen at the heading and maturity stage under three different sowing dates were determined. The results showed that the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of each organ of the three varieties at heading stage and maturity stage, the dry matter and nitrogen transport of each organ from heading to maturity stage are shown as SD2 > SD3 > SD1. Correlation analysis indicated that existed significiant positive correlations between yield and dry matter accumulation at maturity stage, from heading to maturity stage, significiant positive correlations between yield and dry matter translocation of leaf at maturity stage. Under the experimental condition, the delayed sowing date, the productive panicle number and seed setting rate of the varieties were increased, and enhanced the yield, increased dry matter translocation amount and translocation rate of each organ. The yield, accumulation amount of dry matter and nitrogen of all varieties were the highest under SD2 treatment, and the SD2 treatment was the suitable sowing date.

Key words: Direct seeding rice, Sowing date, Yield, Dry matter, Nitrogen, Accumulation and translocation

Table 1

Effects of sowing date on yield and yield components of direct seeding rice"

年份
Year
品种
Cultivar
播期
Sowing
date
有效穗数
Productive panicles
(×104/hm2)
每穗粒数
Grains per
panicle
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
结实率
Seed setting
rate (%)
产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
2018 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 338.72b 109.69a 20.57b 84.35b 4 480.00c
SD2 443.67a 107.48a 22.84a 93.44a 6 930.00a
SD3 423.00a 78.59b 21.29ab 94.05a 5 680.00b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 367.60b 88.99b 22.46a 88.00b 4 900.00c
SD2 452.39a 91.25a 23.32a 93.18a 5 900.00a
SD3 443.91a 66.55c 23.49a 93.65a 5 350.00b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 339.11b 92.16a 23.22a 92.40c 4 980.00c
SD2 465.50a 84.39b 23.15a 93.05b 5 980.00a
SD3 450.33a 79.07c 22.96a 95.63a 5 190.00b
2019 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 369.99b 102.45a 20.95b 86.54b 3 900.00c
SD2 456.67a 94.47b 23.43a 92.73a 5 650.00a
SD3 426.08a 87.31c 21.17b 93.68a 4 550.00b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 346.67b 79.36b 19.84c 90.68b 3 950.00c
SD2 430.78a 88.04a 22.57a 91.31ab 5 250.00a
SD3 413.43a 63.35c 23.98b 92.84a 4 950.00b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 330.39b 78.00a 23.08a 90.41c 3 750.00c
SD2 430.54a 75.88a 21.98ab 93.09b 5 200.00a
SD3 423.33a 69.42b 20.75b 95.94a 4 150.00b

Table 2

Effects of sowing dates on dry matter accumulation in various organs of direct seeding rice at heading stage and maturity stage kg/hm2"

年份
Year
生育时期
Growth stage
品种
Cultivar
播期
Sowing date
茎鞘
Stem-sheath
叶片
Leaf

Panicle
地上部
Aboveground
2018 抽穗期Heading stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 3 210.94c 1 382.41b 992.83c 5 586.18c
SD2 5 148.82a 2 092.75a 1 900.82a 9 142.39a
SD3 4 508.91b 1 665.30b 1 466.75b 7 640.96b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 3 951.23b 1 877.36a 1 028.74a 6 857.33b
SD2 4 610.26a 1 590.16a 1 482.47a 7 682.89a
SD3 4 164.96b 1 413.07a 1 316.49a 6 894.52b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 3 482.55b 1 839.55b 885.58b 6 207.68b
SD2 4 308.44a 2 273.16a 1 254.36a 7 835.96a
SD3 4 138.72a 2 072.94a 1 178.59a 7 390.25a
成熟期Maturity stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 2 989.08c 1 132.26b 5 637.11c 9 758.45c
SD2 4 721.90a 1 562.48a 8 230.73a 14 515.11a
SD3 4 155.94b 1 313.16ab 6 791.36b 12 260.46b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 3 727.61b 1 720.80a 6 576.07c 12 024.48b
SD2 4 286.10a 1 256.19b 7 918.24a 13 460.53a
SD3 3 891.43b 1 126.33b 7 103.09b 12 120.85b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 3 306.72a 1 526.52a 6 550.88b 11 384.12b
SD2 3 953.35a 1 720.58a 7 497.13a 13 171.06a
SD3 3 816.92a 1 641.43a 7 306.17a 12 764.52ab
2019 抽穗期Heading stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 3 493.33c 1 268.89c 638.89c 5 401.11c
SD2 5 196.36a 2 300.60a 1 767.27a 9 264.23a
SD3 4 801.23b 1 483.78b 1 281.35b 7 566.36b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 4 348.16b 1 787.45a 1 014.79a 7 150.40a
SD2 4 715.05a 1 468.12b 1 314.21a 7 497.38a
SD3 4 528.64ab 1 389.63b 1 257.12a 7 175.39a
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 2 968.38c 899.34c 518.12b 4 385.84c
年份
Year
生育时期
Growth stage
品种
Cultivar
播期
Sowing date
茎鞘
Stem-sheath
叶片
Leaf

Panicle
地上部
Aboveground
SD2 4 478.60a 1 921.97a 1 207.91a 8 808.48a
SD3 3 561.95b 1 345.08b 1 110.24a 6 017.27b
成熟期Maturity stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 3 227.77b 1 157.78b 5 255.55c 9 641.10c
SD2 4 528.48a 1 801.21a 7 278.17a 13 607.86a
SD3 4 414.95a 1 198.10b 6 721.26b 12 334.31b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 4 081.97a 1 677.90a 4 983.75c 10 743.62b
SD2 4 228.08a 1 211.64b 7 112.23a 12 551.95a
SD3 4 190.66a 1 178.51b 6 086.43b 11 455.60a
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 2 771.50b 814.29c 4 533.62c 8 119.41c
SD2 3 919.60a 1 601.42a 7 164.05a 12 685.07a
SD3 3 283.35b 1 172.25b 5 977.68b 10 433.28b

Table 3

Effects of sowing dates on dry matter translocation in stem-sheath and leaves of direct seeding rice from heading to maturity stage"

年份
Year
品种
Cultivar
播期
Sowing
date
茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf 穗部干物质增加量
Increase of dry matter in panicle (kg/hm2)
干物质转运对穗部的贡献率
Contribution of dry matter translocation to panicle (%)
转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)
转运率
Translocation
rate (%)
转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)
转运率
Translocation
rate (%)
2018 白粳1号 SD1 221.86b 6.91a 250.15c 18.10b 4 644.28c 10.16b
Baijing 1 SD2 426.92a 8.29a 530.27a 25.34a 6 329.91a 15.12a
SD3 352.97a 7.83a 352.14b 21.15a 5 324.61b 13.24a
长白9号 SD1 223.62b 5.66a 156.56c 8.34b 5 547.33b 6.85b
Changbai 9 SD2 324.16a 7.03a 333.97a 21.00a 6 435.77a 10.23a
SD3 273.53b 6.57a 286.74b 20.29a 5 786.60b 9.68ab
龙粳31号 SD1 175.83b 5.05a 313.03c 17.02b 5 665.30b 8.63b
Longjing 31 SD2 355.09a 8.24a 552.58a 25.52a 6 242.77a 14.54a
SD3 321.80a 7.78a 431.51b 25.22a 6 127.58ab 12.29ab
2019 白粳1号 SD1 265.56c 7.60b 111.11c 8.76b 4 616.66b 8.16b
Baijing 1 SD2 667.88a 12.85a 499.39a 21.71a 5 510.90a 21.18a
SD3 386.28b 8.05b 285.68b 19.25a 5 439.91a 12.35b
长白9号 SD1 266.19c 6.12b 109.55c 6.13b 3 968.96c 9.47a
Changbai 9 SD2 486.97a 10.33a 256.48a 17.47a 5 798.02a 12.82a
SD3 337.98b 7.46ab 211.12b 15.19a 4 829.31b 11.37a
龙粳31号 SD1 196.88b 6.63b 85.05b 9.46b 4 015.50c 7.02b
Longjing 31 SD2 559.00a 12.48a 320.55a 16.68a 5 956.14a 14.77a
SD3 278.60b 7.82b 172.83b 12.85ab 4 867.44b 9.27b

Table 4

Effects of sowing dates on nitrogen accumulation in various organs of direct seeding rice at heading stage and maturity stage kg/hm2"

年份
Year
生育时期
Growth stage
品种
Cultivar
播期
Sowing date
茎鞘
Stem-sheath
叶片
Leaf

Panicle
地上部
Aboveground
2018 抽穗期Heading stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 19.84b 23.57c 5.72b 49.13c
SD2 23.51a 31.92a 8.57a 64.00a
SD3 22.42a 27.43b 7.96a 57.81b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 19.24b 22.69b 5.26a 47.19c
SD2 24.43a 30.28a 8.12a 62.83a
SD3 22.04ab 26.79b 6.48a 55.31b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 16.79a 20.01b 5.44a 42.24b
SD2 19.99a 26.26a 7.06a 53.31a
SD3 17.85a 24.39ab 6.21a 48.45b
成熟期Maturity stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 16.87a 12.72a 44.59b 74.18b
SD2 17.07a 15.79a 53.50a 86.36a
SD3 16.93a 13.96a 49.75a 80.64a
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 15.20a 12.50a 41.63b 69.33c
SD2 17.92a 15.83a 52.75a 86.50a
SD3 16.47a 14.25a 48.62ab 79.34b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 12.66b 11.46a 48.43b 72.55c
SD2 14.19a 13.54a 55.50a 83.23a
SD3 12.93b 12.82a 51.32ab 77.07b
2019 抽穗期Heading stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 14.27b 13.44b 5.29b 33.00c
SD2 23.88a 20.07a 9.71a 53.66a
SD3 20.07a 15.94b 7.16ab 43.17b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 17.01b 10.69b 5.01b 32.71c
SD2 24.69a 21.55a 9.23a 55.47a
SD3 23.06a 14.47b 6.34b 43.87b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 14.58b 10.25b 5.55b 30.38c
SD2 21.72a 17.08a 10.64a 49.44a
SD3 17.42b 15.27ab 7.37ab 40.06b
成熟期Maturity stage 白粳1号Baijing 1 SD1 11.70b 7.93b 33.03c 52.66c
SD2 16.79a 11.29a 50.95a 79.03a
SD3 15.01a 9.12ab 41.83b 65.96b
长白9号Changbai 9 SD1 13.38b 5.71b 36.65c 55.74c
SD2 18.22a 10.59a 49.91a 78.72a
SD3 17.26a 7.56ab 43.31b 68.13b
龙粳31号Longjing 31 SD1 10.67b 6.12a 28.12c 44.91b
SD2 15.52a 9.02a 42.89a 67.43a
SD3 12.68ab 8.73a 37.77b 59.18ab

Table 5

Effects of sowing date on nitrogen translocation in stem-sheath and leaves of direct seeding rice from the heading to maturity stage"

年份
Year
品种
Cultivar
播期
Sowing
date
茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf 穗部氮增加量
Increase of nitrogen
in panicle (kg/hm2)
氮素转运对穗部的贡献率
Contribution of nitrogen
translocation to panicle (%)
转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)
转运率
Translocation
rate (%)
转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)
转运率
Translocation
rate (%)
2018 白粳1号 SD1 2.97c 14.97b 10.85b 46.03a 38.87b 35.55c
Baijing 1 SD2 6.44a 27.39a 16.13a 50.53a 44.93a 50.23a
SD3 5.49b 24.49a 13.47b 49.11a 41.79ab 45.37b
长白9号 SD1 4.04a 21.00a 10.19c 44.91a 36.37b 39.13b
Changbai 9 SD2 6.51a 26.65a 14.45a 47.72a 44.63a 46.96a
SD3 5.57a 25.27a 12.54ab 46.81a 42.14a 42.98ab
龙粳31号 SD1 4.13a 24.60a 8.55b 42.73b 42.99b 29.50b
Longjing 31 SD2 5.80a 29.01a 12.72a 48.44a 48.44a 38.23a
SD3 4.92a 27.56ab 11.57ab 47.44a 45.11b 36.56a
2019 白粳1号 SD1 2.57b 18.01c 5.51a 41.00a 27.74c 29.13b
Baijing 1 SD2 7.09a 29.69a 8.78a 43.75a 41.24a 38.48a
SD3 5.06a 25.21b 6.82a 42.79a 34.67b 34.27ab
长白9号 SD1 3.63b 21.34a 4.98b 46.59a 31.64b 27.21c
Changbai 9 SD2 6.47a 26.20a 10.96a 50.86a 40.68a 42.85a
SD3 5.80a 25.15a 6.91b 47.75a 36.97ab 34.38b
龙粳31号 SD1 3.91c 26.82a 4.13b 40.29b 22.57b 35.62b
Longjing 31 SD2 6.20a 28.55a 8.06a 47.19a 32.25a 44.22a
SD3 4.74b 27.21a 6.54ab 42.83ab 30.40a 37.11b

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between rice yields and accumulations of dry matter and nitrogen"

年份
Year
器官
Organ
干物质积累量Translocation of dry matter 氮素积累量 Translocation of nitrogen
抽穗期Heading stage 成熟期Maturity stage 抽穗期Heading stage 成熟期Maturity stage
2018 茎鞘Stem-sheath 0.949** 0.934** 0.559** 0.451
叶片Leaf 0.413 0.223 0.822** 0.843**
穗Panicle 0.643 0.894** 0.885** 0.679*
2019 茎鞘Stem-sheath 0.857** 0.804** 0.936** 0.931**
叶片Leaf 0.901 0.825 0.891** 0.924**
穗Panicle 0.428 0.911** 0.859** 0.941**

Table 7

Correlation coefficients between rice yields and translocations of dry matter and nitrogen"

年份
Year
器官
Organ
干物质转运量
Translocation
of dry matter
氮素转运量
Translocation
of nitrogen
2018 茎鞘Stem-sheath 0.918** 0.548
叶片Leaf 0.813** 0.769*
穗Panicle 0.716* 0.533
2019 茎鞘Stem-sheath 0.992** 0.826**
叶片Leaf 0.956** 0.924**
穗Panicle 0.937** 0.870**
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