Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 110-118.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.017

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Effects of Organic Soluble Fertilizer on the Accumulation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Nitrogen of Rice

Cao Xiaochuang(), Li Yefeng, Wu Longlong, Zhu Chunquan, Zhu Lianfeng, Zhang Junhua(), Jin Qianyu   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2020-02-09 Revised:2020-06-05 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-12
  • Contact: Zhang Junhua E-mail:caoxiaochuang@126.com;zhangjunhua@caas.cn

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Abstract:

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application of organic soluble fertilizer (OSF, including the root application and leaf spraying) on the rice yield, the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen (N) of rice, and their relationship with rice yield. The results showed that, compared with the traditional N treatment, root application of OSF under the traditional N rate significantly increased rice yield (8 288.3 kg/ha), which was prior to the effect of the leaf spraying. In the treatments of reduced 15% N rate, root application and leaf spraying of OSF significantly alleviated the reducing effect of rice yield due to the reduced N rate, and rice yield was increased by 3.2%. Root application and leaf spraying of OSF treatments significantly improved the accumulation of dry matter and N of the nutritive organs (leaf and stem-sheath) before the heading stage. It was also significantly increased the N translocation in leaves of rice from the heading to maturity stage, which was beneficial for the improvement of N recovery efficiency and N physiological efficiency. There were significant positive correlations between rice yield and the accumulation of dry matter of leaf and stem-sheath at the heading stage, in exception of stem-sheath at the tillering stage. Rice yield was also significantly positive related to the N translocation of leaf and stem-sheath from the heading to maturity stage. Therefore, maintaining the relative higher dry matter and N accumulation of stem-sheaths and leaves in the vegetative period, and the higher N translocation in leaves from the heading to maturity via the application of OSF are beneficial for the higher grain yield and N use efficiency.

Key words: Rice, Organic soluble fertilizer, Dry matter, Nitrogen, Accumulation and translocation, Yield

Fig.1

Tiller numbers of rice under different treatments"

Fig.2

Plant height and leaf area index of rice at tillering and heading stages Bars marked with the different letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05. The same below"

Table 1

Grain yield and yield components in different treatments of rice"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Effective panicles
(×104/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 每穗粒数
Grains per
panicle		 结实率
Grain filling
rate (%)		 实际产量
Actual yield
(kg/hm2)		 增产量
Yield increase
(kg/hm2)		 增产率
Increase rate
(%)
T1 210.2±1.2b 26.4±0.1b 170.2±3.1a 93.7±0.4a 7 866.4±147.4b - -
T2 216.4±2.8a 26.9±0.3a 172.0±3.1a 94.0±0.6a 8 288.3±162.5a 423.0 5.4
T3 208.5±3.1b 26.3±0.3b 171.0±4.8a 93.6±0.7ab 7 996.5±75.3b 130.5 1.7
T4 198.3±2.7c 25.9±0.2c 163.3±7.1b 92.9±0.5b 7 602.0±160.9c -264.0 -3.4
T5 205.5±5.4b 26.2±0.1bc 170.3±6.0a 93.8±0.6a 7 849.9±102.9b 28.5 0.4
CK 183.2±4.8d 25.7±0.1c 160.0±5.7b 90.9±0.3c 7 297.9±110.2d -568.5 -7.2

Table 2

Dry matter accumulation and its ratio to total of rice at main growth stages"

生育时期
Growth
stage		 处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf 穗Panicle 总积累量
Total dry matter
(kg/hm2)
干物质积累量
Dry matter
(kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 干物质积累量
Dry matter
(kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 干物质积累量
Dry matter
(kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)
分蘖期 T1 2 279.2a 52.3c 2 080.5ab 47.7a - - 4 359.6ab
Tillering T2 2 336.8a 53.1bc 2 061.6bc 46.9ab - - 4 398.4ab
T3 2 242.9ab 52.4c 2 039.7bc 47.6a - - 4 282.6b
T4 2 340.6a 54.0b 1 995.4c 46.0b - - 4 336.0ab
T5 2 324.6a 52.1c 2 136.7a 47.9a - - 4 461.3a
CK 2 166.3b 56.3a 1 681.9d 43.7c - - 3 848.2c
齐穗期 T1 5 082.6bc 57.4ab 2 463.5a 27.8a 1 316.9bc 14.9b 8 863.0bc
Heading T2 5 465.2a 57.0b 2 595.7a 27.1a 1 522.7a 15.9a 9 583.6a
T3 5 228.4b 57.4ab 2 503.5a 27.5a 1 382.0b 15.2b 9 113.9b
T4 5 011.6c 58.4a 2 301.6b 26.8a 1 269.0cd 14.8b 8 582.2c
T5 5 191.0b 57.4ab 2 507.9a 27.7a 1 355.7b 15.0b 9 054.7b
CK 4 743.2d 58.3ab 2 190.3b 26.9a 1 201.2d 14.8b 8 134.7d
成熟期 T1 4 048.9a 25.7a 2 236.4a 14.1bc 9 516.0a 60.2a 15 801.4ab
Maturity T2 4 157.7a 25.9a 2 224.0a 13.9c 9 655.4a 60.2a 16 037.1a
T3 4 020.8a 25.8a 2 203.9ab 14.2bc 9 356.5ab 60.1a 15 581.2bc
T4 3 756.2b 26.4a 2 139.1b 15.0a 8 345.9c 58.6b 14 241.2d
T5 4 043.4a 26.3a 2 253.5a 14.7ab 9 066.9b 59.0ab 15 363.7c
CK 3 400.8c 25.5a 2 049.1c 15.4a 7 899.9d 59.2ab 13 349.7e

Table 3

Accumulation rate of dry matter of rice before the heading stage kg/(hm2·d)"

处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf
播种–分蘖期
Sowing–Tillering		 分蘖期–抽穗期
Tillering–Heading		 播种–分蘖期
Sowing–Tillering		 分蘖期–抽穗期
Tillering–Heading
T1 30.4a 112.1bc 27.7ab 15.3b
T2 31.2a 125.2a 27.5bc 21.4a
T3 29.9ab 119.4ab 27.2bc 18.5ab
T4 31.2a 106.9cd 26.6c 12.2c
T5 31.0a 114.6bc 28.5a 19.3ab
CK 28.9b 103.1d 22.4d 20.3a

Table 4

Dry matter translocation amount and rate of different organs of rice from the heading to maturity stage"

处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf 穗部Panicle
转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)		 转运率
Translocation
rate (%)		 转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)		 转运率
Translocation
rate (%)		 转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)		 转运贡献率
Translocation
contribution rate (%)
T1 1 033.6c 20.3d 227.1b 9.2bc 8 199.1a 13.2c
T2 1 307.5ab 23.9bc 371.7a 14.3a 8 132.7a 17.4ab
T3 1 207.6ab 23.1bcd 299.6ab 11.9ab 7 974.5ab 16.1b
T4 1 255.4ab 25.0b 162.5c 7.0c 7 077.0c 17.0ab
T5 1 147.6bc 22.1cd 354.5a 14.2a 7 711.2b 16.6b
CK 1 342.4a 28.3a 141.3c 6.4c 6 698.7d 18.8a

Fig.3

Nitrogen concentrations in stem-sheaths, leaves and panicles of rice at different growth stages"

Table 5

Nitrogen accumulation (N accumulation) and its ratio to total of rice at main growth stages"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf 穗Panicle 总氮积累量
Total N accumulation
(kg/hm2)
氮积累量
N accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 氮积累量
N accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 氮积累量
N accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)
分蘖期 T1 57.1a 45.8a 67.4ab 54.2b — — 124.5a
Tillering T2 57.7a 46.5a 66.5ab 53.5b — — 124.2a
T3 56.8a 46.4a 65.6b 53.6b — — 122.3a
T4 52.8b 47.1a 59.3c 52.9b — — 112.1b
T5 52.5b 43.3b 68.6a 56.7a — — 121.1a
CK 40.8c 46.9a 46.1d 53.1b — — 86.9c
齐穗期 T1 104.7b 56.2ab 63.6b 34.1bc 18.1bc 9.7b 186.3b
Heading T2 113.0a 56.0ab 67.7a 33.6bc 21.0a 10.4a 201.7a
T3 107.7ab 56.4ab 64.4b 33.7bc 19.0b 9.9b 191.1b
T4 93.7c 57.2a 54.3c 33.1c 15.8d 9.7b 163.8d
T5 97.3c 55.2bc 62.2b 35.3ab 16.9cd 9.6b 176.5c
CK 71.6d 54.2c 48.3d 36.6a 12.1e 9.2c 132.0e
成熟期 T1 49.1ab 24.5a 22.5b 11.3bc 128.8a 64.2b 200.4ab
Maturity T2 50.4a 24.6a 23.8a 11.6a 130.4a 63.7bc 204.6a
T3 48.7ab 24.7a 22.1b 11.2bc 126.4a 64.1b 197.2b
T4 43.3c 25.6a 19.1c 11.3bc 106.8c 63.1bc 169.2d
T5 48.4b 25.5a 22.6b 11.8a 119.0b 62.6c 189.9c
CK 34.8d 23.2b 16.5d 11.0c 99.2d 65.9a 150.4e

Table 6

Accumulation rate of nitrogen before the heading stage of rice kg/(hm2·d)"

处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf
播种–分蘖盛期
Sowing–Tillering		 分蘖盛期–抽穗
Tillering–Heading		 播种–分蘖盛期
Sowing–Tillering		 分蘖盛期–抽穗
Tillering–Heading
T1 0.76a 1.90bc 0.90a -0.15
T2 0.77a 2.35a 0.89a 0.09
T3 0.75a 2.04b 0.87a -0.06
T4 0.70b 1.64d 0.79b -0.20
T5 0.70bc 1.79cd 0.91a -0.19
CK 0.54d 1.23e 0.61c 0.09

Table 7

Nitrogen translocation in different organs of rice from heading to maturity stage"

处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf 穗部Panicle
转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)		 转运率
Translocation
rate (%)		 转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)		 转运率
Translocation
rate (%)		 增加量
Increase amount
(kg/hm2)		 转运贡献率
Translocation
contribution rate (%)
T1 55.5bc 53.0abc 40.1b 64.6a 110.6a 86.4bc
T2 62.6a 55.3a 43.9a 64.8a 109.4a 97.5a
T3 59.1ab 54.8a 42.3ab 65.7a 107.4a 94.5ab
T4 50.4c 53.8ab 35.2c 64.8a 91.0c 94.1ab
T5 48.9c 50.2c 39.7b 63.7a 102.0b 86.8bc
CK 36.8d 51.4bc 31.9d 65.9a 87.1d 78.9c

Fig.4

Nitrogen recovery efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency of rice under different treatments"

Table 8

Correlation coefficients between accumulations and translocations of dry matter and rice yields"

器官
Organ		 干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation		 干物质积累速率
Dry matter accumulation rate		 干物质转运量
Dry matter
translocation		 干物质转运率
Dry matter
translocation rate
分蘖期
Tillering		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity		 播种–分蘖
Sowing–Tillering		 分蘖–抽穗
Tillering–Heading		 抽穗–成熟
Heading–Maturity
茎鞘Stem-sheath 0.35 0.86** 0.82** 0.35 0.84** -0.13 -0.48*
叶片Leaf 0.66** 0.71** 0.74** 0.66** 0.18 -0.58* -0.53*
穗Panicle - 0.80** 0.82** - - - -

Table 9

Correlation coefficients between accumulations and translocations of nitrogen and rice yields"

器官
Organ		 氮积累量
N accumulation amount		 氮积累速率
N accumulation rate		 氮转运量
N translocation amount		 氮转运率
N translocation rate
分蘖期
Tillering		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity		 播种–分蘖
Sowing–Tillering		 分蘖–抽穗
Tillering–Heading		 抽穗–成熟
Heading–Maturity
茎鞘Stem-sheath 0.76** 0.89** 0.82** 0.76** 0.91** 0.88** -0.58*
叶片Leaf 0.74** 0.83** 0.88** 0.74** 0.04 0.78** -0.37
穗Panicle - 0.89** 0.83** - - - -
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