Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 130-135.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.020

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Effects of Long-Term Located Fertilization on Soil Organic Matter, Nitrogen Forms and Crop Yields

Liu Xuetong1(), Zheng Chunlian1, Cao Wei2, Dang Hongkai1, Cao Caiyun1,3, Li Xiaoshuang4, Li Kejiang1,3, Ma Junyong1,3()   

  1. 1Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, Hebei, China
    2Hengshui Management Station of Agricultural Machinery, Hengshui 053000, Hebei, China
    3The Key Laboratory of Crop Drought-Resistance Research of Hebei Province, Hengshui 053000, Hebei, China
    4Department of Biology, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2020-08-07 Revised:2020-09-04 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Ma Junyong E-mail:liuxuetong349@163.com;mjydfi@126.com

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Abstract:

To provide a basis for promoting soil fertility and increasing crop yield for winter wheat and summer maize rotation system under the straw returning in Hebei low plain, it is necessary to study the effects of long-term located fertilization test on soil organic matter, nitrogen forms, and crop yields. The results showed that after 36 wheat-maize rotation cycles of fertilizer experiment, compared with CK, the soil organic matter and total N and gradually increased with the increase of chemical fertilizer application. When the application of chemical fertilizer was less than or equal to N 360kg/ha+P2O5 240kg/ha, compared with no straw returning, the straw returning could significantly increase treatments of soil organic matter and total N, and the increasing rate was decreased under the treatment of N 540kg/ha+P2O5 360kg/ha. Compared with CK, long-term fertilization increased soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AHN) and NO3--N contents, however, NH4+-N was not affected. The contents of soil AHN and NO3--N increased with the increase of N fertilizer application with only chemical fertilizer treatments. Under straw returning, the contents of soil AHN and NO3--N were the highest under the treatment of N360+P240+S9000. Fertilization significantly increased crop yield, with the single application of chemical fertilizers, the wheat and maize yields were increased gradually with the increase of fertilizer. When the application of chemical fertilizer was less than or equal to N 360kg/ha + P2O5 240kg/ha, compared with only chemical fertilizer, could increase wheat yield under the condition of straw returning. The long-term fertilization enhanced soil fertility and increased soil organic matter and total N, soil organic carbon and total N could be increased by suitable nitrogen application combined with straw returning, and excessive N fertilizer was not conducive to the accumulation of soil organic matter. Both long-term single application of chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined with straw returning could increase the contents of soil AHN and NO3--N, but had no significant effect on the content of soil NH4+-N. And it also could increase crop yields. The effects of increasing yield of the application of chemical fertilizer (N 360kg/ha+P2O5 240kg/ha) was better than other fertilizering treatments.

Key words: Long-term fertilization, Straw returning, Soil organic matter, Total N, Crop yield

Table 1

Experimental treatments kg/hm2"

处理Treatment N P2O5 玉米秸秆Maize straw
CK 0 0 0
N180+P120 180 120 0
N360+P240 360 240 0
N540+P360 540 360 0
S9000 0 0 9000
N180+P120+S9000 180 120 9000
N360+P240+S9000 360 240 9000
N540+P360+S9000 540 360 9000

Fig.1

Soil organic matter contents in different treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05), the same below"

Fig.2

Soil total nitrogen contents in different treatments"

Table 2

Contents of different kinds of soil N and their percentages of total N in different treatments in soil layer (0-20cm)"

处理
Treatment		 各形态氮含量Contents of different kinds of soil N (mg/kg) 占全氮百分比Percentage in total N (%)
碱解氮AHN 硝态氮NO3--N 铵态氮NH4+-N 碱解氮AHN 硝态氮NO3--N 铵态氮NH4+-N
CK 51.0±1.7e 1.3±0.2d 2.5±0.6a 5.7 0.14 0.28
N180+P120 64.3±6.6cd 7.8±0.3bcd 2.4±0.4a 6.4 0.78 0.24
N360+P240 67.5±6.4cd 8.0±0.9bcd 2.2±0.4a 6.2 0.73 0.20
N540+P360 80.3±2.9ab 15.3±10.4ab 2.8±0.9a 6.4 1.22 0.22
S9000 62.8±6.4d 2.8±1.7cd 2.8±0.8a 6.0 0.27 0.26
N180+P120+S9000 72.3±4.2bc 10.1±0.5abc 2.3±0.7a 6.4 0.89 0.21
N360+P240+S9000 82.3±3.0a 17.5±2.6a 2.3±0.5a 6.9 1.47 0.19
N540+P360+S9000 81.8±2.2a 15.4±2.6ab 2.2±0.6a 6.3 1.18 0.17

Table 3

Yields of wheat and maize in different treatments in 2016 and 2017 kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 2016 2017 平均产量Average yield
小麦Wheat 玉米Maize 小麦Wheat 玉米Maize 小麦Wheat 玉米Maize
CK 1333±210d 4948±266e 1333±257c 6753±547f 1383±226c 5850±387f
N180+P120 6358±745c 8088±352c 4889±847b 9715±974d 5624±669b 8902±410d
N360+P240 9482±280a 9430±339a 8383±371a 11194±247bc 8933±195a 10312±252abc
N540+P360 9803±647a 8909±212ab 9507±1191a 12432±872ab 9655±881a 10670±401ab
S9000 1500±393d 6205±235d 1247±130c 8351±668e 1333±214c 7278±451e
N180+P120+S9000 7926±329b 8858±165b 4531±635b 10599±425cd 6229±207b 9729±259c
N360+P240+S9000 9939±278a 9403±152ab 9223±501a 10472±1044cd 9581±155a 9938±544bc
N540+P360+S9000 9556±812a 8986±511ab 8766±428a 12707±735a 9161±618a 10847±486a
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