Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 178-183.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.027

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Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Rice Grain Yield and Yield Components in Double Cropping Rice Area of Southern China

Wu Ke1(), Xie Huimin1, Liu Wenqi2, Mo Bingmao3, Wei Guoliang4, Lu Xian5, Li Zhuanglin6, Deng Senxia7, Wei Shanqing1, Liang He1, Jiang Ligeng1()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
    2Soil and Fertilizer Workstation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
    3Agricultural Products Quality Supervision and Management Station of Gangbei District, Guigang 537100, Guangxi, China
    4Soil and Fertilizer Workstation of Xiangzhou County, Laibin 545800, Guangxi, China
    5Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Longzhou County, Chongzuo 532400, Guangxi, China
    6Soil and Fertilizer Workstation of Cenxi City, Wuzhou 543200, Guangxi, China
    7Soil and Fertilizer Workstation of Fumian District, Yulin 537023, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2021-01-19 Revised:2021-06-12 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Jiang Ligeng E-mail:wwwwukkkke@163.com;jiang@gxu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

The field experiment was carried out in 2019 to assess the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer application on rice yield and yield components under the double cropping system at different locations in Guangxi, including Xiangzhou county, Cenxi city, Longzhou county during the early season, and Gangbei district and Fumian district during the late season. The treatment combinations were control (no fertilizer), full fertilizer (180 N + 45 P2O5 +135 K2O kg/ha), N deficiency (45 P2O5 +135 K2O kg/ha), P deficiency (180 N + 135 K2O kg/ha), K deficiency (180 N + 45 P2O5 kg/ha). At the maturity stage, rice yield and yield components were measured. The results showed that N, P, and K fertilizers application had significant effects on rice yield and its components. Compared with the full fertilizer dose, N deficiency, P deficiency, K deficiency, and control treatments reduced the rice yield by an average of 17.43%, 6.64%, 4.83%, and 25.58%, respectively. The application of N fertilizer mainly affected the effective panicles and seed setting rate, P fertilizer mainly affected grains per panicle, and K fertilizer mainly affected the 1000-grain weight. The correlations analysis showed that the rice yield had a significant positive correlation with effective panicles (r=0.544) and grains per panicle (r=0.852), but no significant correlation between rice yield and seed setting rate.

Key words: Rice, Nitrogen fertilizer, Phosphorus fertilizer, Potassium fertilizer, Yield, Yield components

Table 1

Soil physical and chemical properties in experiment sites"

地点
Site		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (%)		 全氮
Total N (%)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzable N (mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
象州Xiangzhou 5.58 1.64 1.26 129.50 13.59 20
岑溪Cenxi 6.13 3.36 1.63 147.00 36.99 209
港北Gangbei 5.60 1.89 1.30 210.00 10.99 119
福绵Fumian 5.46 1.97 1.52 136.50 48.22 113
龙州Longzhou 7.65 3.47 2.79 168.00 5.74 133

Fig.1

Actual yield of rice under different fertilization treatments in different experiment sites Different lowercase letters between treatments at the same test site indicate significant difference at 5% level. The same below"

Table 2

Effective panicles of rice under different fertilization treatments in different experiment sites ×104/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 象州
Xiangzhou		 岑溪
Cenxi		 港北
Gangbei		 福绵
Fumian		 龙州
Longzhou		 平均
Average
CK 272.87b 319.61ab 266.14b 157.62b 116.04b 226.46
NPK 323.96ab 282.77b 350.89a 198.81ab 179.41a 267.17
N0PK 287.55ab 372.28a 260.20b 159.21b 167.92a 249.43
NP0K 361.19a 294.65ab 354.85a 218.54a 170.69a 279.99
NPK0 339.80ab 326.34ab 337.03a 187.33ab 157.62ab 269.63
F值F-value 2.366* 1.205* 10.456* 2.372* 3.506* –

Table 3

Grains number per panicle of rice under different fertilization treatments in different experiment sites"

处理
Treatment		 象州
Xiangzhou		 岑溪
Cenxi		 港北
Gangbei		 福绵
Fumian		 龙州
Longzhou		 平均
Average
CK 108.00a 194.95a 121.03ab 136.17b 129.57a 137.94
NPK 109.60a 217.48a 119.10ab 166.94a 125.21a 147.67
N0PK 105.50a 189.02a 131.72a 157.23ab 126.04a 141.90
NP0K 115.63a 217.33a 111.64b 133.94b 128.00a 141.31
NPK0 106.56a 226.25a 115.94ab 167.25a 134.94a 150.19
F值F-value NS NS 4.127* 3.144* NS –

Table 4

Seed setting rate of rice under different fertilization treatments in different experiment sites %"

处理
Treatment		 象州
Xiangzhou		 岑溪
Cenxi		 港北
Gangbei		 福绵
Fumian		 龙州
Longzhou		 平均
Average
CK 85.91ab 70.22a 81.42a 81.55a 81.25a 80.07
NPK 90.28a 82.41a 85.52a 66.22b 82.38a 81.36
N0PK 75.33ab 73.43a 76.51a 81.43a 80.58a 77.46
NP0K 80.71ab 74.74a 80.58a 75.39ab 81.54a 78.59
NPK0 74.47b 77.66a 87.53a 75.50ab 82.21a 79.47
F值F-value 2.258* NS NS 2.861* NS –

Table 5

The 1000-grain weight of rice under different fertilization treatments in different experiment sites g"

处理
Treatment		 象州
Xiangzhou		 岑溪
Cenxi		 港北
Gangbei		 福绵
Fumian		 龙州
Longzhou		 平均
Average
CK 17.67ab 19.05ab 18.09a 24.72b 26.15a 21.14
NPK 17.66ab 19.28ab 17.90a 27.06a 25.13ab 21.40
N0PK 18.05a 18.94b 17.80a 24.55b 25.58ab 20.98
NP0K 16.50b 19.85a 18.67a 25.23ab 25.00ab 21.05
NPK0 17.74ab 18.96b 17.85a 25.77ab 24.45b 20.95
F值F-value 2.128* 1.468* NS 6.505* 1.815* –

Table 6

Correlation analysis of rice yield and yield components"

项目
Item		 产量
Yield		 有效穗数
Effective panicles		 穗粒数
Grains per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting rate		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
产量Yield 1
有效穗数Effective panicles 0.544** 1
穗粒数Grains per panicle 0.852** 0.068 1
结实率Seed setting rate -0.282 0.002 -0.454* 1
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.330 -0.892** 0.082 -0.211 1

Table 7

Path analysis between rice yield and yield components"

通径系数
Path coefficient		 有效穗数
Effective panicles		 穗粒数
Grains per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting rate		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
直接通径系数Direct path coefficient 0.791 0.849 0.174 0.343
总间接通径系数Total indirect path coefficient -0.247 0.003 -0.456 -0.673
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