Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 167-172.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.025

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Effects of Straw Returning to Field and Nitrogen Application on Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield in Black Soil Areas of Northeast China

Meng Xiangyu(), Ran Cheng, Liu Baolong, Zhao Zhexuan, Bai Jingjing, Geng Yanqiu()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
  • Received:2020-06-27 Revised:2020-07-30 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Geng Yanqiu E-mail:mxy_enactus@163.com;ccgyq@163.com

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Abstract:

The study was conducted to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on soil nutrients and yields in black soil rice areas of Northeast China under the condition of returning straw to the field. Jijing 816 was used as the test material and a two-factor split zone design was adopted. The main zone was full return of straw to the field (S) and no straw returned to the field (S0). The split area included five nitrogen fertilizer application rates 0 (N0), 80 (N1), 160 (N2), 240(N3), and 320kg/ha (N4), no straw and no nitrogen fertilizer (N0S0) was used as control. The results showed that all nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly affected soil bulk density and porosity, improved soil aeration, significantly increased the contents of soil nutrients, and increased rice biological yield under the condition of fully returning straw to the field (S); the harvest index was N3S>N2S>N1S>N0S0>N0S>N4S,and the harvest index of N3S treatment was significantly higher than that of N4S. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, rice yield increased first and then decreased. The treatment with the highest yield was N3 treatment, and N3S>N3S0. The performance of the combination of returning the whole amount of straw to the field and applying nitrogen fertilizer 240kg/ha (N3) is the best.

Key words: Rice, Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer, Soil nutrients, Yield

Table 1

Basic physical and chemical properties of the tested soil"

容重
Soil bulk density (g/cm3)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (g/kg)		 全钾
Total potassium
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen
(mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 pH
1.31 0.92 0.77 18.91 166.84 14.20 69.11 25..23 5.47

Table 2

Effects of straw returning and nitrogen application on soil bulk density, porosity and pH"

处理
Treatment		 土壤容重
Soil bulk density (g/cm3)		 孔隙度
Porosity (%)		 pH
N0S 1.23±0.04b 53.58±0.79a 5.43±0.02a
N1S 1.25±0.07b 52.83±0.58a 5.42±0.05a
N2S 1.24±0.06b 53.21±0.44a 5.39±0.03a
N3S 1.24±0.02b 53.21±0.03a 5.37±0.05a
N4S 1.26±0.10b 52.45±0.32a 5.36±0.03a
N0S0 1.39±0.22a 47.55±0.43c 5.51±0.03a
N1S0 1.34±0.13a 49.43±0.32b 5.48±0.05a
N2S0 1.35±0.15a 49.06±0.15b 5.43±0.06a
N3S0 1.32±0.03a 50.19±0.03b 5.41±0.06a
N4S0 1.33±0.12a 49.81±0.27b 5.37±0.06a
S * * ns
N ns ns ns
N×S * * ns

Table 3

Effects of straw returning to field and nitrogen application on the total nutrients content in soil g/kg"

处理
Treatment		 全氮
Total
nitrogen		 全磷
Total
phosphorus		 全钾
Total
potassium		 有机质
Organic
matter
N0S 0.99±0.03b 0.81±0.03c 18.63±0.17d 26.86±0.03a
N1S 1.03±0.01ab 0.84±0.05bc 18.74±0.16cd 26.88±0.05a
N2S 1.07±0.02ab 0.86±0.04b 18.92±0.15b 26.97±0.02a
N3S 1.09±0.02ab 0.93±0.05a 19.73±0.46a 27.03±0.37a
N4S 1.12±0.07a 0.87±0.05b 18.93±0.25b 26.98±0.04a
N0S0 0.89±0.02c 0.75±0.03c 18.35±0.21d 26.72±0.01b
N1S0 0.91±0.01bc 0.79±0.04c 18.32±0.45d 26.18±0.21b
N2S0 0.93±0.04bc 0.82±0.07bc 18.45±0.21d 26.14±0.51b
N3S0 1.01±0.01ab 0.82±0.03c 18.65±0.21d 26.12±0.21b
N4S0 1.13±0.03a 0.80±0.04c 18.68±0.13d 26.09±0.24b
S * * * *
N * ns ns ns
N×S * * * *

Table 4

The effects of straw returning to field and nitrogen application on the content of available nutrients in soil mg/kg"

处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkaline
nitrogen		 速效磷
Available
phosphorus		 速效钾
Quick-acting
potassium
N0S 155.87±1.45f 16.04±0.54e 67.89±0.86d
N1S 157.69±1.43de 16.56±0.24d 70.35±1.71c
N2S 161.03±0.93c 17.03±0.22c 80.22±1.98b
N3S 173.81±1.64b 17.67±0.57b 83.44±1.88a
N4S 181.33±0.68a 18.89±0.36a 80.63±1.80b
N0S0 155.42±0.82f 15.92±0.41e 65.23±1.73d
N1S0 157.31±1.42de 15.87±0.32e 66.31±1.23d
N2S0 158.81±1.64cd 15.62±0.26e 66.22±1.04d
N3S0 160.33±0.82c 15.50±0.54e 66.18±1.73d
N4S0 172.86±0.73b 15.23±0.31e 66.53±0.98d
S * * *
N * ns ns
N×S * * *

Table 5

The effects of straw returning to field and nitrogen application on rice biological yield and harvest index"

处理
Treatment		 生物产量
Biological yield (t/hm2)		 收获指数
Harvest index (%)
N0S 19.11±0.78c 44.74±0.98b
N1S 19.93±0.68bc 45.06±0.82ab
N2S 21.13±0.97b 46.28±0.99a
N3S 22.69±0.89a 47.29±1.40a
N4S 22.85±0.37a 39.87±0.78c
N0S0 18.57±0.81c 45.02±0.79ab
N1S0 19.64±0.27bc 44.04±0.83b
N2S0 20.45±0.74b 44.89±0.93b
N3S0 20.53±0.97b 45.06±0.99ab
N4S0 22.64±0.73a 39.84±0.96c
S * ns
N * ns
N×S * ns

Table 6

Effects of straw returning and nitrogen application on rice yield and yield components"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Ear number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Number of spikes		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 结实率
Seed set rate (%)		 实测产量
Actual yield (t/hm2)
N0S 322.13±10.14a 138.18±4.21a 25.22±0.17a 88.34±2.14a 8.55±0.12c
N1S 327.79±9.82a 140.12±3.34a 25.62±0.33a 90.38±3.19a 8.98±0.23c
N2S 330.15±10.13a 142.25±4.27a 25.55±0.27a 89.03±1.71a 9.78±0.13b
N3S 340.57±30.21a 143.92±6.78a 26.91±0.32a 89.99±2.00a 10.73±0.40a
N4S 346.78±16.33a 139.28±5.37a 25.96±0.15a 87.21±1.33a 9.11±0.08bc
N0S0 318.21±9.43ab 132.11±5.43a 25.12±0.27a 88.35±2.35a 8.36±0.22c
N1S0 320.33±10.01a 132.50±5.22a 25.55±0.20a 88.99±2.00a 8.65±0.25c
N2S0 321.34±9.73a 134.43±6.24a 25.47±0.12a 88.91±1.31a 9.18±0.23bc
N3S0 326.78±26.33a 139.28±5.37a 25.61±0.15a 87.91±1.51a 9.25±0.48b
N4S0 338.74±8.49a 134.23±5.12a 25.91±0.32a 87.02±1.36a 9.02±0.11bc
S ns ns ns ns *
N ns ns ns ns *
N×S ns ns ns ns *
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