Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 152-158.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.024

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Regulation of Sowing Date and Row Spacing on Grain Yield and Quality of Wheat

Guo Mingming1(), Wang Kangjun1, Zhang Guangxu1, Sun Zhongwei1, Li Jun2, Zhang Yueshu2, Dai Dandan2, Chen Feng1, Fan Jiwei1()   

  1. 1Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China
    2Lianyungang Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-01-18 Revised:2021-07-19 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Fan Jiwei E-mail:gmm30277@163.com;fantrta@163.com

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Abstract:

To explore the effects of sowing date and row spacing on grain yield and quality of wheat, the experiment was conducted in rice-wheat cropping comprehensive demonstration base of Lianyungang from 2019 to 2020. The main objective was to study the variation of grain yield and its components, contents of protein components, processing quality and farinograph parameters of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 through different cultivation treatments. The main results showed that the kernels per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 firstly increased and then decreased with the delay of sowing date. At the same time, grain yield of two wheat varieties reached the highest values at 25cm under the condition of October 15th and October 30th sowing dates. Protein components, processing quality and farinograph parameters of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 at October 15th and October 30th sowing date were better than those of November 15th sowing date. In addition, wet gluten content, water absorption stability time and farinograph parameter number of two wheat varieties all increased continuously as the increasing of row spacing. However, there were no significant difference of grain quality among different row spacing treatments. The results showed that the influence of cultivation measures on the grain yield and the quality of the wheat was represented as the distance between the rows of seeds. Comprehensive analysis of grain yield and quality, the optimal conditions of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 were the sowing date of October 30th at 25cm row spacing and the sowing date of October 15th at 25cm row spacing.

Key words: Wheat, Sowing date, Row spacing, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Effects of sowing date and row spacing on grain yield and its components of wheat"

品种
Variety		 播期（月-日）
Sowing date (month-day)		 行距
Row spacing (cm)		 穗数
Ear number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield (kg/hm2)
连麦7号 10-15 20 639.6±2.4a 32.3±0.1e 40.3±0.2cd 7649.1±44.3bcd
Lianmai 7 25 639.9±0.6a 32.4±0.3de 40.5±0.2cd 7699.4±26.4bc
30 630.4±2.8b 32.4±0.4de 39.9±0.1d 7537.8±34.5e
10-30 20 638.5±1.1a 32.5±0.2de 40.6±0.3cd 7806.2±36.0abc
25 641.6±2.2a 32.7±0.1cde 40.7±0.1c 7900.5±35.3ab
30 638.9±1.6a 32.7±0.4cde 40.2±0.4cd 7751.7±39.6abc
11-15 20 625.0±0.2bcd 32.2±0.1e 40.6±0.2cd 7609.8±42.3cd
25 628.8±1.5bc 32.4±0.3de 40.3±0.2cd 7540.3±31.1e
30 620.2±1.6de 32.1±0.2e 40.4±0.3cd 7334.0±73.2f
淮麦45 10-15 20 621.8±2.6cd 33.2±0.1bc 41.9±0.3ab 7829.6±38.0abc
Huaimai 45 25 629.6±2.1b 33.4±0.5abc 42.3±0.5ab 7998.2±31.5ab
30 624.7±2.4bcd 33.3±0.4abc 41.8±0.2b 7685.3±60.1bc
10-30 20 619.9±1.6de 33.8±0.3ab 42.2±0.4ab 7912.3±13.7ab
25 614.1±1.8e 34.2±0.1a 42.6±0.1a 8023.0±51.4a
30 605.5±0.9f 33.6±0.4ab 42.2±0.2ab 7684.2±20.6bc
11-15 20 604.8±1.2f 33.0±0.2cd 41.9±0.3ab 7479.9±34.9ef
25 599.4±2.2f 32.7±0.6cde 41.9±0.3ab 7390.5±42.8f
30 589.7±5.9g 32.7±0.3cde 41.7±0.2b 7034.9±71.6g
因素Factor F值 F-value
品种Variety 1308.81* 79.01 536.1* 0.41
播期Sowing date 203.33** 119.22** 9.91* 482.38**
行距Row spacing 24.32** 3.39 18.57** 59.19**
品种×播期×行距Variety×sowing date×row spacing 6.76** 1.81 1.25* 0.54*

Fig.1

Effects of sowing date and row spacing on grain protein contents of wheat"

Table 2

Effects of sowing date and row spacing on contents of protein components of wheat"

品种
Variety		 播期（月-日）
Sowing date (month-day)		 行距
Row spacing (cm)		 清蛋白
Albumin (%)		 球蛋白
Globulin (%)		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin (%)		 谷蛋白
Glutenin (%)		 谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白
Glutenin/gliadin
连麦7号 10-15 20 2.22±0.03ab 1.76±0.05bc 3.75±0.08ab 4.32±0.10abc 1.16±0.03bc
Lianmai 7 25 2.31±0.01a 1.83±0.03ab 3.68±0.02bc 4.35±0.13abc 1.18±0.05ab
30 2.14±0.02abc 1.77±0.11bc 3.84±0.01a 4.52±0.08a 1.20±0.09a
10-30 20 2.13±0.03abc 1.95±0.12a 3.85±0.03a 4.44±0.06ab 1.16±0.16bc
25 2.15±0.01abc 1.83±0.06ab 3.76±0.02ab 4.41±0.02ab 1.19±0.08ab
30 2.24±0.04ab 1.96±0.04a 3.87±0.07a 4.62±0.07a 1.20±0.18a
11-15 20 2.12±0.02abc 1.76±0.07bc 3.64±0.08bc 4.13±0.05c 1.14±0.22cd
25 2.05±0.01bc 1.84±0.05ab 3.65±0.05bc 4.06±0.04cd 1.11±0.15de
30 2.05±0.04bc 1.72±0.10bc 3.73±0.12ab 4.04±0.04cd 1.11±0.16de
淮麦45 10-15 20 1.98±0.03cd 1.46±0.12cd 3.46±0.05d 4.05±0.08cd 1.17±0.05abc
Huaimai 45 25 1.97±0.01cd 1.52±0.07c 3.55±0.05cd 4.12±0.05c 1.17±0.17abc
30 2.11±0.02abc 1.47±0.11cd 3.53±0.02cd 3.96±0.14cde 1.12±0.08d
10-30 20 2.14±0.05abc 1.35±0.09de 3.56±0.09cd 3.97±0.11cde 1.12±0.07d
25 2.03±0.02bc 1.44±0.05cd 3.43±0.13d 3.94±0.06cde 1.14±0.04cd
30 1.97±0.03cd 1.51±0.06c 3.51±0.04cd 4.03±0.03cd 1.15±0.12bcd
11-15 20 1.76±0.04de 1.24±0.08e 3.37±0.07de 3.85±0.09de 1.15±0.21bcd
25 1.58±0.02e 1.25±0.03e 3.43±0.04d 3.86±0.02de 1.12±0.03d
30 1.65±0.04de 1.31±0.06de 3.41±0.01d 3.78±0.05e 1.08±0.16e

Table 3

Effects of sowing date and row spacing on grain milling quality of wheat"

品种
Variety		 播期（月-日）
Sowing date
(month-day)		 行距
Row spacing
(cm)		 容重
Volume weight
(g/L)		 沉降值
Sedimentation
(mL)		 硬度指数
Hardness
index		 出粉率
Flour yield
(%)		 湿面筋含量
Wet gluten content
(%)
连麦7号 10-15 20 834.0±2.3c 28.3±0.3de 63.6±0.3abc 70.4±0.4def 28.3±0.8abc
Lianmai 7 25 843.8±1.3a 28.6±0.1cd 63.7±0.8abc 70.6±0.8de 28.3±1.5abc
30 838.2±2.7bc 29.1±0.5bc 63.8±1.1ab 70.4±0.1def 28.4±1.1ab
10-30 20 839.8±2.8ab 29.7±0.2ab 64.0±0.6ab 69.1±0.5f 28.4±0.4ab
25 841.6±2.5ab 30.0±0.3a 64.2±0.4a 69.1±1.3f 28.6±0.8a
30 841.5±1.6ab 30.1±0.6a 64.5±1.2a 68.9±0.3f 28.6±0.2a
11-15 20 816.0±2.0de 27.3±0.1g 62.8±0.9c 71.2±0.2d 27.7±1.2de
25 816.4±0.3de 27.6±0.3f 63.4±1.2bc 70.9±0.4de 27.8±1.6cde
30 818.9±0.6d 28.0±0.4def 63.3±0.6bc 71.2±0.6d 28.0±0.7cd
淮麦45 10-15 20 815.7±1.1de 27.4±0.1fg 61.2±0.2d 72.3±0.6bc 27.7±0.4de
Huaimai 45 25 820.4±0.2d 27.4±0.7fg 61.1±0.4de 72.2±1.5bc 27.9±1.5cd
30 817.3±0.7de 27.9±0.4def 61.4±0.7d 71.9±1.2cd 28.2±0.7bc
10-30 20 806.5±0.8f 27.2±0.2g 60.9±1.4de 72.7±1.3b 27.8±0.9cde
25 813.1±1.2e 27.4±0.5fg 60.7±0.3def 72.5±0.5b 27.8±0.2cde
30 811.2±0.8ef 27.2±0.1g 60.6±0.5de 72.5±1.1b 28.1±0.5bc
11-15 20 783.7±1.8g 25.9±0.3h 60.5±0.1def 73.5±0.8a 27.3±0.6e
25 792.8±0.4fg 25.8±0.6h 60.3±0.3ef 73.4±0.7a 27.3±0.4e
30 796.9±0.8fg 26.2±0.2h 60.2±0.6ef 73.4±0.3a 27.1±1.3ef

Table 4

Effects of sowing date and row spacing on farinograph parameters of wheat"

品种
Variety		 播期（月-日）
Sowing date
(month-day)		 行距
Row spacing
(cm)		 吸水率
Water absorption
(%)		 形成时间
Development time
(min)		 稳定时间
Stability time
(min)		 粉质质量指数
Farinograph
parameter
连麦7号 10-15 20 59.0±0.5c 4.3±0.3cd 10.2±0.2bc 75.9±1.4c
Lianmai 7 25 59.2±0.3b 4.4±0.1bcd 10.2±0.4bc 76.5±0.7abc
30 59.2±0.6b 4.4±0.3bcd 10.4±0.1ab 76.7±1.2abc
10-30 20 59.5±0.2a 4.5±0.2bc 10.6±0.6a 76.9±0.9abc
25 59.6±0.3a 4.6±0.3ab 10.7±0.3a 77.1±0.6ab
30 59.6±0.2a 4.7±0.3a 10.7±0.3a 77.4±1.3a
11-15 20 58.5±0.4e 4.1±0.4de 9.4±0.5e 76.0±1.6c
25 58.6±0.4e 4.2±0.2cde 9.6±0.2cd 76.2±0.5bc
30 58.8±0.3d 4.3±0.2cd 9.8±0.4c 76.3±0.3bc
淮麦45 10-15 20 58.3±0.3f 2.5±0.5f 7.7±0.4f 58.7±0.8d
Huaimai 45 25 58.3±0.6f 2.5±0.2f 7.6±0.7fg 59.1±0.4d
30 58.6±0.2e 2.6±0.1f 7.8±0.3f 59.3±0.3d
10-30 20 58.1±0.1g 2.4±0.1fg 7.4±0.3g 58.5±0.4d
25 58.2±0.5fg 2.5±0.3f 7.5±0.3fg 58.6±1.1d
30 58.3±0.4f 2.4±0.4fg 7.6±0.1fg 58.9±0.5d
11-15 20 58.1±0.5g 2.2±0.4h 6.8±0.1h 56.3±1.1e
25 58.2±0.4fg 2.2±0.2h 6.6±0.1h 56.1±0.7e
30 58.3±0.2f 2.3±0.3gh 6.7±0.3h 56.7±1.2e
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