Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 217-223.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.035

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Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Drought Resistance and Physiological Indexes of Maize Seeds under Drought Stress

Li An1(), Shu Jianhong2, Liu Xiaoxia2, Meng Zhengbing2, Wang Xiaoli2(), Zhao Degang1()   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences (Institute of Agro-Bioengineering), Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education)/Collaborative InnovationCenter for Mountain Ecology and Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    2Institute of GrassIndustry, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2021-05-27 Revised:2021-08-23 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Wang Xiaoli,Zhao Degang E-mail:1964352203@qq.com;wangxiaolizhenyuan@126.com;dgzhao@gzu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

In order to find strains increasing the drought resistance of maize during germination period under drought condition, we explored the physiological regulation of Bacillus subtilis strains on maize seed germination under drought stress. The experiment used four Bacillus subtilis species (R29-1, R9-1, R59, R60) from different locations and different plant rhizospheres in Guizhou province as materials. Maize seed germination indexes and physiological and biochemical indexes were analyzed by the weighting method of membership function and standard deviation coefficient under drought stress. The results showed that the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis R29-1, R9-1, R59, and R60 all enhanced the drought resistance of maize during germination period. The drought resistance was evaluated as R60 > R9-1 > R59 > R29-1 > CK2 (15% PEG), especially the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis R60 and R9-1 could better improve the drought resistance of maize. Inoculation of Bacillus subtilis could increase the stress resistance and free proline content of leaves during the germination process, and reduce the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase of leaves so as to effectively reduce the damage of cell membrane. In conclusion, inoculation with Bacillus subtilis R60 could effectively enhance the germination and growth during the germination period.

Key words: Maize, Drought stress, Seed germination, Bacillus subtilis, Drought resistance measurement value

Table 1

Source and number of tested bacteria"

编号
Number		 菌株名
Strain name		 鉴定种类
Identification type		 寄主
Host		 采样地
Sampling site
A R29-1 Bacillus megaterium 野木豆 望谟麻山
B R9-1 Bacillus aryabhattai 多花木蓝 紫云火花
C R59 Bacillus megaterium 葛藤 荔波小七孔
D R60 Bacillus simplex 葛藤 荔波水浦

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on seeds germination and seedling water contents of maize"

处理
Treatment		 发芽率
Germination rate		 发芽势
Germination potential		 发芽指数
Germination index		 活力指数
Vitality index		 幼苗含水量
Seedling moisture content (%)
CK1 0.5407±0.0485b 0.5185±0.0606a 26.897±1.041a 86.905±24.587ab 87.926±1.960a
A1 0.6963±0.0392a 0.6741±0.0518a 24.256±3.126ab 67.343±15.146b 88.129±0.848a
B1 0.6222±0.0256ab 0.5926±0.0322a 21.771±3.212b 85.964±8.405ab 89.655±0.433a
C1 0.7111±0.0256a 0.6518±0.0196a 27.605±2.138a 116.878±24.331a 89.818±0.562a
D1 0.6963±0.0074a 0.6815±0.0196a 26.854±0.237a 92.677±12.588ab 87.720±1.454a
CK2 0.5734±0.0569b 0.4582±0.0369b 17.841±1.834bc 24.764±2.305b 82.682±0.898a
A2 0.7731±0.0541a 0.7442±0.0698a 23.309±2.428a 30.262±6.146b 82.369±2.543a
B2 0.6724±0.0328ab 0.6354±0.0399a 17.242±0.782c 28.392±1.659b 85.005±0.913a
C2 0.7924±0.0366a 0.7106±0.0260a 18.082±0.417bc 25.673±5.573b 82.438±2.607a
D2 0.7704±0.0103a 0.7505±0.0266a 22.482±4.933ab 40.305±5.189a 85.464±0.536a

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on corn related growth indexes"

处理
Treatment		 芽长
Bud length
(cm)		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 根数
The number
of root		 总生物量干重
Total biomass
dry weight (g)		 芽干重
Bud dry
weight (g)		 根干重
Root dry
weight (g)		 根冠比
Root shoot
ratio		 芽鲜重
Bud fresh
weight (g)		 根鲜重
Fresh root
weight (g)
CK1 5.12±0.52c 5.08±1.14c 7.067±1.10ab 0.36±0.03b 0.18±0.02c 0.18±0.01a 0.99±0.07a 1.61±0.20b 0.86±0.09b
A1 5.88±0.77bc 6.02±1.28bc 5.867±0.46b 0.33±0.02b 0.20±0.01bc 0.13±0.01b 0.64±0.03c 1.90±0.17b 0.96±0.06b
B1 6.44±0.14ab 8.04±0.82ab 6.933±0.70ab 0.41±0.02a 0.22±0.02ab 0.19±0.01a 0.84±0.09b 2.53±0.30a 1.42±0.06a
C1 6.84±0.78ab 9.95±1.84a 7.133±0.95ab 0.43±0.03a 0.24±0.02a 0.19±0.02a 0.76±0.07b 2.50±0.05a 1.44±0.31a
D1 7.18±0.35a 8.07±0.18ab 8.467±0.81a 0.42±0.02a 0.24±0.01a 0.18±0.02a 0.78±0.07b 2.47±0.11a 1.07±0.20b
CK2 4.01±0.29a 4.57±0.65bc 6.100±0.46a 0.23±0.00bc 0.12±0.00c 0.11±0.00ab 0.90±0.03a 0.93±0.11a 0.40±0.01d
A2 3.38±0.21b 3.72±0.37c 5.133±0.12a 0.23±0.01c 0.12±0.01c 0.10±0.00b 0.83±0.08a 0.83±0.10a 0.47±0.04cd
B2 3.95±0.18a 5.25±0.67b 5.667±1.36a 0.25±0.01ab 0.14±0.00ab 0.11±0.00ab 0.83±0.16a 0.98±0.05a 0.68±0.08b
C2 3.88±0.45a 5.08±0.42b 5.667±0.42a 0.25±0.01ab 0.13±0.01bc 0.12±0.02ab 0.92±0.16a 0.95±0.04a 0.57±0.09bc
D2 4.09±0.08a 6.19±0.37a 5.267±0.23a 0.26±0.02a 0.14±0.01a 0.12±0.01a 0.87±0.04a 0.95±0.11a 0.80±0.07a

Table 4

Comprehensive evaluation of maize germination drought resistance under drought stress"

处理
Treatment		 加权抗旱指数
Weighted drought resistance index		 隶属函数均值
Membership function mean		 抗旱性量度值(D)
Drought resistance measure (D)		 排名
Ranking
CK2 0.1523 0.3528 0.2296 5
A2 0.1604 0.3427 0.3587 4
B2 0.1538 0.5079 0.5288 2
C2 0.1507 0.4807 0.4314 3
D2 0.1605 0.6913 0.8026 1

Table 5

Correlation analysis of maize germination indexes under drought stress"

指标
Index		 芽长
Bud
length		 根长
Root
length		 根数
The number
of root		 总生物量干重
Total biomass
dry weight		 芽干重
Bud dry
weight		 根干重
Root dry
weight		 根冠比
Root shoot
ratio		 芽鲜重
Bud fresh
weight		 根鲜重
Fresh
root		 发芽指数
Germination
index		 活力指数
Vitality
index		 幼苗含水量
Seedling moisture
content		 发芽率
Germination
rate		 发芽势
Germination
potential		 抗旱性量度值(D)
Drought resistance
measure (D)
芽长Bud length 1
根长Root length 0.803* 1
根数The number of root 0.656* 0.507 1
总生物量干重
Total biomass dry weight		 0.478 0.387 0.320 1
芽干重Bud dry weigh 0.307 0.223 -0.057 0.142 1
根干重Root dry weight 0.226 0.143 0.229 -0.099 -0.032 1
根冠比Root shoot ratio 0.085 -0.077 0.079 -0.159 -0.388 0.862* 1
芽鲜重Bud fresh weight 0.674* 0.399 0.282 0.535 0.255 0.108 0.054 1
根鲜重Fresh root 0.194 0.338 -0.236 -0.048 0.347 0.103 -0.029 0.216 1
发芽指数Germination index -0.525 -0.264 -0.361 -0.557 -0.341 -0.385 -0.231 -0.668* 0.112 1
活力指数Vitality index 0.015 0.164 -0.201 -0.488 0.198 -0.163 -0.227 -0.289 0.587* 0.705 1
幼苗含水量
Seedling moisture content		 0.497 0.494 0.059 0.045 0.780* -0.091 -0.388 0.268 0.659* -0.107 0.575 1
发芽率Germination rate -0.276 -0.360 -0.138 -0.581* -0.379 -0.471 -0.148 -0.330 -0.187 0.436 0.221 -0.156 1
发芽势Germination potential -0.432 -0.362 -0.286 -0.520 -0.243 -0.580 -0.285 -0.420 -0.178 0.458 0.153 -0.172 0.861* 1
抗旱性量度值(D)
Drought resistance measure (D)		 0.444 0.503* 0.382 0.229 0.131 -0.184 -0.245 0.008 0.488 0.303 0.682* 0.601* 0.347 0.273 1

Fig.1

Effects of different strains treatments on the activities of SOD, CAT and POD during corn germination Lowercase letters represent significant differences at the 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

The effects of different strain treatments on the contents of osmotic substance Pro and MDA during corn germination period"

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