Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.03.001

    Next Articles

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Reduction Approaches of Farmland N2O Emission in China

Yan Shengji1,2(), Shang Ziyin1,2, Deng Aixing1, Zhang Weijian1,2()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture and Rural Region, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-01-22 Revised:2022-04-06 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Zhang Weijian E-mail:15690307667@163.com;zhangweijian@caas.cn

RichHTML

33

PDF (PC)

542

Abstract:

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the world's third-most-polluting greenhouse gas, and the farming ecosystem is a major source of anthropogenic N2O emissions, accounting for roughly 30% of global anthropogenic N2O emissions. Clarifying the N2O emission characteristics of Chinese farms, as well as describing the key processes and main influencing factors, will aid in the exploration of technical emission reduction options and the development of an action plan. The main source of N2O emissions from cropland is nitrogen fertilizer application. According to national statistics, the amount of nitrogen fertiliser used in China grew from 2001 to 2007, then remained consistent until 2014, when it began to fall, with the highest application rate in East China. Cropland N2O emission in China peaked in 2015, and then gradually declined, the highest emission exiting in South and the lowest in North China. According to the literature analysis, this study further clarified that farmland N2O emissions were mainly dominated by soil denitrification process, and anthropogenic nitrogen addition was the first prominent factor to farmland N2O emissions. Based on the above findings, on the premise of selecting crop cultivars with nitrogen high efficiency and low soil N2O emission, this study put forward some targeted emission reduction approaches. In areas with high N application rate, for example, in East China the proportion of fertilizer could be adjusted and controlled releasing fertilizers could be applied. In areas with good facility in irrigation and fertilization, such as facility farmland and orchard, fertigation technique with drip irrigation could be adopted. In areas with multiple cropping, crop rotation with legume or green manure crops could be used to reduce N2O emission. Finally, some suggestions of scientific and technological innovations and policy making for N2O emission reduction were provided in this study, including innovations of N2O mitigation theory, smart technology of fertilization, carbon monitoring and evaluation system and carbon emission reduction incentive policies, so as to help achieve the national goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral as soon as possible.

Key words: Crop production, Climate change, N2O, Key processes, Influencing factors, Emission reduction approach

Table 1

"

省（市、区）
Province (municipality and autonomous region)		 N2O排放因子
N2O emission factor		 范围
Range
内蒙古,新疆,甘肃,青海,西藏,陕西,山西,宁夏
Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Ningxia		 0.0056 0.0015~0.0085
黑龙江,吉林,辽宁
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning		 0.0114 0.0021~0.0258
北京,天津,河北,河南,山东
Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong		 0.0057 0.0014~0.0081
浙江,上海,江苏,安徽,江西,湖南,湖北,四川,重庆
Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing		 0.0109 0.0026~0.0220
广东,广西,海南,福建
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian		 0.0178 0.0046~0.0228
云南,贵州
Yunnan, Guizhou		 0.0106 0.0025~0.0218

Fig.1

Temporal (a) and spatial (b) characteristics of N application rate in farmland of China The map is from the National Geographic Information Resource Directory Service System (https://www.webmap.cn/), the same below"

Fig.2

Temporal (a) and spatial (b) characteristics of N2O emission from farmland of China"

Fig.3

Key processes (a) and influencing factors (b) of soil N2O emissionsAMO: ammonia monooxygenase, HAO: hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, NXR: nitrite oxidoreductase, NR: nitrate reductase; Nar/Nap: membrane-bound nitrate reductase/periplasmic nitrate reductase, NrfA: cytochrome C nitrite reductase, NiRK: copper-containing nitrite reductase, NiRS: cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase, NOR: nitric oxide reductase, NOS: nitrous oxide reductase, “ ” represents a positive effect, “ ” represents a negative effect, “ ” represents the coexistence of positive and negative effects"

[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2021:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
[2] Tian H, Xu R, Canadell J G, et al. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks. Nature, 2020, 586(7828):248-256.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0
[3] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2007:Mitigation Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[4] National Coordination Committee on Climate Change. Second National Communication on Climate Change of the People's Republic of China. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2012.
[5] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Mitigation pathways compatible with 1.// Global Warming of 1.5℃. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
[6] Net zero traker. [2021-11-25]. https://zerotracker.net/.
[7] 陈迎, 巢清尘. 碳达峰、碳中和100问. 北京: 人民日报出版社, 2021.
[8] 张卫建, 严圣吉, 张俊, 等. 国家粮食安全与农业双碳目标的双赢策略. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(18):3892-3902.
[9] 严圣吉, 邓艾兴, 尚子吟, 等. 我国作物生产碳排放特征及助力碳中和的减排固碳途径. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4):1-13.
[10] Ma R, Yu K, Xiao S, et al. Data-driven estimates of fertilizer-induced soil NH3,NO and N2O emissions from croplands in China and their climate change impacts. Global Change Biology, 2022, 28(3):1008-1022.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.15975
[11] Sosulski T, Szara E, Szymanska M, et al. Soil N2O emissions under conventional tillage conditions and from forest soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 190:86-91.
doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.03.002
[12] 曹文超, 宋贺, 王娅静, 等. 农田土壤N2O排放的关键过程及影响因素. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10):1781-1798.
[13] 李玥, 巨晓棠. 农田氧化亚氮减排的关键是合理施氮. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(4):842-851.
[14] 程功, 刘廷玺, 李东方, 等. 生物炭和秸秆还田对干旱区玉米农田土壤温室气体通量的影响. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2019, 27(7):1004-1014.
[15] Zou J, Lu Y, Huang Y. Estimates of synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct nitrous oxide emission from Chinese croplands during 1980-2000. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158(2):631-635.
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.026
[16] 李艳春, 王义祥, 王成己, 等. 福建省农业生态系统氧化亚氮排放量估算及特征分析. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(2):225-233.
[17] 张凡, 王政, 李旭祥. 西北旱区农田土壤N2O排放空间变化特征及影响因素探讨. 地球环境学报, 2016, 7(3):301-307.
[18] 中华人民共和国统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2020.
[19] 国家发展和改革委员会应对气候变化司. 省级温室气体清单编制指南(试行), 2011.
[20] Gerber J S, Carlson K M, Makowski D, et al. Spatially explicit estimates of N2O emissions from croplands suggest climate mitigation opportunities from improved fertilizer management. Global Change Biology, 2016, 22(10):3383-3394.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.13341 pmid: 27185532
[21] Richardson D, Felgate H, Watmough N, et al. Mitigating release of the potent greenhouse gas N2O from the nitrogen cycle could enzymic regulation hold the key?. Trends in Biotechnology, 2009, 27(7):388-397.
doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.03.009 pmid: 19497629
[22] Signor D, Cerri C E P. Nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural soils: a review. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2013, 43(3):322-338.
doi: 10.1590/S1983-40632013000300014
[23] 刘秀红, 杨庆, 吴昌永, 等. 不同污水生物脱氮工艺中N2O释放量及影响因素. 环境科学学报, 2006, 26(12):1940-1947.
[24] Wrage N, van Groenigen J W, Oenema O, et al. A novel dual-isotope labelling method for distinguishing between soil sources of N2O. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2005, 19(22):3298-3306.
pmid: 16220527
[25] Kraft B, Tegetmeyer H E, Sharma R, et al. The environmental controls that govern the end product of bacterial nitrate respiration. Science, 2014, 345(6197):676-679.
doi: 10.1126/science.1254070
[26] Zhang J, Tian H, Shi H, et al. Increased greenhouse gas emissions intensity of major croplands in China: Implications for food security and climate change mitigation. Global Change Biology, 2020, 26(11):6116-6133.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.15290
[27] Chen H, Li X, Hu F, et al. Soil nitrous oxide emissions following crop residue addition: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 2013, 19(10):2956-2964.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.12274
[28] Chen H, Zheng C, Chen F, et al. Less N2O emission from newly high-yielding cultivars of winter wheat. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2021, 320:107557.
doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107557
[29] Li L, Zheng Z, Wang W, et al. Terrestrial N2O emissions and related functional genes under climate change: A global meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 2020, 26(2):931-943.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.14847
[30] Wang Y, Guo J, Vogt R D, et al. Soil pH as the chief modifier for regional nitrous oxide emissions: New evidence and implications for global estimates and mitigation. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24(2):617-626.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.13816
[31] 谭立山. 农业土壤N2O产生途径及其影响因素研究进展. 亚热带农业研究, 2017, 13(3):196-204.
[32] Li Y, Lin E, Han X, et al. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen dynamics in a winter-wheat cropping system in northern China. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2015, 20(7):1027-1040.
doi: 10.1007/s11027-013-9513-8
[33] Li Z L, Tang Z, Song Z P, et al. Variations and controlling factors of soil denitrification rate. Global Change Biology, 2022, 28(6):2133-2145.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.16066
[34] Ding J, Fang F, Lin W, et al. N2O emissions and source partitioning using stable isotopes under furrow and drip irrigation in vegetable field of North China. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 665:709-717.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.053
[35] 陈友德, 赵杨, 高杜娟, 等. 稻油不同轮作模式对农田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响. 环境科学, 2020, 41(10):4701-4710.
[36] Mazzoncini M, Antichi D, Bene C D, et al. Soil carbon and nitrogen changes after 28 years of no-tillage management under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy, 2016, 77:156-165.
doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2016.02.011
[37] Akiyama H, Yagi K, Yan X Y. Direct N2O emissions from rice paddy fields: summary of available data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2005, 19(1):1-10.
[38] Johannes L, Annette C, Caroline A. M, et al. Biochar in climate change mitigation. Nature Geoscience, 2021, 14(12):883-892.
doi: 10.1038/s41561-021-00852-8
[39] Liu Q, Liu B, Zhang Y, et al. Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective. Global Change Biology, 2019, 25(6):2077-2093.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.14613 pmid: 30844112
[40] 中华人民共和国农业农村部. 农业农村部关于加快发展农业社会化服务的指导意见. (2021-07-07)[2022-01-10]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/govpublic/NCJJTZ/202107/t20210712_6371571.htm.
[41] 张卫建, 张俊, 张会民, 等. 稻田土壤培肥与丰产增效耕作理论和技术. 北京: 科学出版社, 2021.
[1] Shi Xionggao, Pei Xuexia, Dang Jianyou, Zhang Dingyi. Research Progress on High-Yield, High-Quality, High-Efficiency and Ecology Cultivation of Wheat Micro-Sprinkling and Drip Fertigation [J]. Crops, 2022, 38(1): 1-10.
[2] Wang Rui, Chen Shiyong, Chen Zhiqing, Cui Peiyuan, Lu Hao, Yang Yanju, Zhang Haipeng, Zhang Hongcheng. Effects of Root Exudates on Key Processes of Soil Nitrogen Cycling: A Review [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(6): 1-8.
[3] Li Wenxu, Wu Zhengqing, Lei Zhensheng, Jiang Guiying. The Characteristics of Climate Factors Change and Its Effects on Main Grain Crops Yield per Unit Area in Henan Province [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(1): 124-134.
[4] Yan Hua,Yan Zhongwen,Lei Jie. Climate Change Characteristics of Xinyuan during 1981-2018 and Its Impact on Spring Maize [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 140-146.
[5] Xu Hanlin,Liu Yao,Yuan Xiaofeng,Pan Jie,Weng Qiaoyun,Lü Aizhi,Liu Yinghui. Projection of Climate Change on the Planting Distribution of Silage Maize in Northwest Hebei Province [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(1): 124-129.
[6] Zhong Dasen,Zhao Ming,Zhang Zhao. Organization and Implementation Progress of National Key Research and Development Program "Science and Technology Innovation for High Yield and Efficiency of Crop" [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(3): 1-9.
[7] Shaokun Li,Keru Wang,Ruizhi Xie,Lulu Li,Bo Ming,Peng Hou,Zhendong Chu,Wanxu Zhang,Chaowei Liu. Grain Breakage Rate of Maize by Mechanical Harvesting in China [J]. Crops, 2017, 33(2): 76-80.
[8] Xiayan Chen,Lianxi Wang,Jingquan Ren,Chunming Guo,Qi Li,Yingying Li. Analysis on Potential Productivity and Climatic Influence Factors of Spring Maize in Jilin [J]. Crops, 2016, 32(6): 91-98.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!