Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.03.001

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Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Reduction Approaches of Farmland N2O Emission in China

Yan Shengji1,2(), Shang Ziyin1,2, Deng Aixing1, Zhang Weijian1,2()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture and Rural Region, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-01-22 Revised:2022-04-06 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Zhang Weijian E-mail:15690307667@163.com;zhangweijian@caas.cn

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Abstract:

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the world's third-most-polluting greenhouse gas, and the farming ecosystem is a major source of anthropogenic N2O emissions, accounting for roughly 30% of global anthropogenic N2O emissions. Clarifying the N2O emission characteristics of Chinese farms, as well as describing the key processes and main influencing factors, will aid in the exploration of technical emission reduction options and the development of an action plan. The main source of N2O emissions from cropland is nitrogen fertilizer application. According to national statistics, the amount of nitrogen fertiliser used in China grew from 2001 to 2007, then remained consistent until 2014, when it began to fall, with the highest application rate in East China. Cropland N2O emission in China peaked in 2015, and then gradually declined, the highest emission exiting in South and the lowest in North China. According to the literature analysis, this study further clarified that farmland N2O emissions were mainly dominated by soil denitrification process, and anthropogenic nitrogen addition was the first prominent factor to farmland N2O emissions. Based on the above findings, on the premise of selecting crop cultivars with nitrogen high efficiency and low soil N2O emission, this study put forward some targeted emission reduction approaches. In areas with high N application rate, for example, in East China the proportion of fertilizer could be adjusted and controlled releasing fertilizers could be applied. In areas with good facility in irrigation and fertilization, such as facility farmland and orchard, fertigation technique with drip irrigation could be adopted. In areas with multiple cropping, crop rotation with legume or green manure crops could be used to reduce N2O emission. Finally, some suggestions of scientific and technological innovations and policy making for N2O emission reduction were provided in this study, including innovations of N2O mitigation theory, smart technology of fertilization, carbon monitoring and evaluation system and carbon emission reduction incentive policies, so as to help achieve the national goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral as soon as possible.

Key words: Crop production, Climate change, N2O, Key processes, Influencing factors, Emission reduction approach

Table 1

"

省（市、区）
Province (municipality and autonomous region)		 N2O排放因子
N2O emission factor		 范围
Range
内蒙古,新疆,甘肃,青海,西藏,陕西,山西,宁夏
Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Ningxia		 0.0056 0.0015~0.0085
黑龙江,吉林,辽宁
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning		 0.0114 0.0021~0.0258
北京,天津,河北,河南,山东
Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong		 0.0057 0.0014~0.0081
浙江,上海,江苏,安徽,江西,湖南,湖北,四川,重庆
Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing		 0.0109 0.0026~0.0220
广东,广西,海南,福建
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian		 0.0178 0.0046~0.0228
云南,贵州
Yunnan, Guizhou		 0.0106 0.0025~0.0218

Fig.1

Temporal (a) and spatial (b) characteristics of N application rate in farmland of China The map is from the National Geographic Information Resource Directory Service System (https://www.webmap.cn/), the same below"

Fig.2

Temporal (a) and spatial (b) characteristics of N2O emission from farmland of China"

Fig.3

Key processes (a) and influencing factors (b) of soil N2O emissionsAMO: ammonia monooxygenase, HAO: hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, NXR: nitrite oxidoreductase, NR: nitrate reductase; Nar/Nap: membrane-bound nitrate reductase/periplasmic nitrate reductase, NrfA: cytochrome C nitrite reductase, NiRK: copper-containing nitrite reductase, NiRS: cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase, NOR: nitric oxide reductase, NOS: nitrous oxide reductase, “ ” represents a positive effect, “ ” represents a negative effect, “ ” represents the coexistence of positive and negative effects"

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