Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 76-80.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.02.013

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Grain Breakage Rate of Maize by Mechanical Harvesting in China

Li Shaokun,Wang Keru,Xie Ruizhi,Li Lulu,Ming Bo,Hou Peng,Chu Zhendong,Zhang Wanxu,Liu Chaowei   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2017-02-27 Revised:2017-03-08 Online:2017-04-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

Grain breakage rate is an important indicator to evaluate the harvesting quality for maize combine harvester. From 2011 to 2016, the harvesting quality of maize combine harvester was tested in 16 provinces of China, and 2450 test samples of grain mechanical harvesting were obtained. Results showed that the grain breakage rate was 8.56%, higher than the national standard of 5％[“Technical requirements for maize combine harvester” (GB/T 21961-2008)]. The most significant problem of maize grain mechanical harvesting quality is high grain breakage rate in our country. Further analysis of the influencing factors on the grain breakage rate indicated that there was a very significant positive correlation between the grain breakage rate and the grain moisture content, and their relationship could be fitted with the equation: ygrain breakage rate =0.0346x 2-1.3325x+18.5640 (R 2=0.3982 **, n=2450). The average moisture content of grain of 2450 group samples reached 26.65%. High grain moisture content was the main factor that led to the high grain breakage rate in maize combine harvesting. The results indicated that different combine harvester and its operation had significant effects on grain breakage rate. In addition, ecological and environmental conditions during maize growth, harvesting, and cultivation measures also influenced grain breakage rate. The main measures to solve the problem of high grain breakage rate include breeding maize varieties having characteristics of early maturity, fast dry-down rate of kernel, low water content of grain at physiological maturity, and resistance to breakage; the research and development of maize combine harvester with low grain breakage rate; and harvesting at optimal time. Furthermore, adjusting harvester parameters based on the growth condition, maturity levels, and grain moisture content before harvesting will also be the measures for reducing the grain breakage rate.

Key words: Maize, Grain, Mechanical harvest, Grain breakage rate, Influencing factors

Table 1

The statistical description of observed values on variables"

调查指标Variables 样本量
Number of sample		 平均数
Average		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 极差
Range		 变异系数
CV(%)		 GB/T 21961-2008
破碎率Breakage rate (%) 2 450 8.56 51.82 0.13 51.69 66.31 ≤5%
杂质率Impurity rate (%) 2 450 1.22 18.01 0 18.01 132.53 ≤3%
落粒损失量Grain loss (g/m2) 1 819 7.91 182.06 0 182.06 145.41
落穗损失量Ear loss (g/m2) 1 819 20.64 459.72 0 459.72 266.12
机收总损失量Total loss (g/m2) 1 819 28.55 459.72 0 459.72 198.05
损失率Loss rate (%) 1 819 4.76 76.62 0 76.62 ≤5%

Table 2

The correlation coefficient between mechanical harvesting quality and grain moisture content"

调查指标Variables 子粒含水率Grain moisture content 破碎率Breakage rate 杂质率Impurity rate 落粒量Grain loss 落穗量Ear loss
破碎率Breakage rate 0.558**
杂质率Impurity rate 0.404** 0.300**
落粒量Grain loss 0.136** 0.208** 0.124*
落穗量Ear loss -0.010NS -0.020NS 0.152* 0.067NS
总损失量Total loss 0.022NS 0.037NS 0.130* 0.276** 0.983**

Fig.1

The correlation between grain breakage rate with grain moisture content（2011-2016, n=2450）"

Table 3

Comparing of maize grain breakage rate for different machine harvester %"

机型
Machine model		 子粒含水率
Grain moisture content		 子粒破碎率
Breakage rate
收获前
Pre-harvest		 收获后
Post-harvest		 平均
Mean		 范围
Range
CASE4088 28.3 32.8 10.23b 9.59~11.31
收获机A 28.3 30.5 15.93a 11.04~20.73
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