Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 215-220.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.031

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Effects of Harvest Date and Drying Days on the Yield, Crude Protein Content and Moisture of Forage Rapeseed

Tao Yueyue(), Sun Hua, Wang Haihou, Lu Changying(), Shen Mingxing   

  1. Taihu Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xiangcheng, Suzhou 215155, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-07-16 Revised:2021-09-12 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

In order to determine the appropriate harvest date and drying days of forage rapeseed, a field study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 in the Yangtze River Delta region. Rapeseed plants were harvested at five different dates from final-flowering stage to podding-stage, and then drying in the field till the weight constant. The biomass yield, crude protein content and water content of forage rapeseed were compared among different harvest dates and drying days. The results showed that compared to the first harvest date (at final-flowering stage), the fresh weight were significant higher at 4 to 16d after final-flowering stage, and the dry weight at the last four harvest dates were improved by 31.93%, 41.50%, 49.14% and 61.43%, respectively. The concent of crude protein trended to decrease with the harvest time delayed, the water content was significantly lower at the last harvest date (P < 0.05). Cutting 4d after final-flowering, the water content dropped from 82.16% to 71.45% and 65.26% after drying for four and five days in the field. The forage water content went down from 81.00% to 66.30% after drying for three days. In situ drying of the rapeseed plant in the field, the forage water content was decreased by 2.30% with the soil cumulative temperature increased by 10°C. Overall, in the Yangtze River Delta region, to obtain the ideal biological yield and crude protein content of forage rapeseed, it is optimum to harvest at four days after final flowering stage and then to be dried in situ for four and five days to meet the silage water requirement.

Key words: Harvest date, Drying period, Forage rapeseed, Biomass yield, Crude protein, Water content

Table 1

Main weather parameters during the drying period of forage rapeseed from 2016 to 2018"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 空气温度
Air temperature (℃)		 风速
Air speed (m/s)		 日降雨量
Rainfall (mm)		 空气湿度
Humidity (%)		 日照辐射
Radiation (W/m2)
2016-2017 D0 20.66 0.22 2.27 59.04 242.20
D4 21.14 0.33 3.73 66.81 184.57
D8 21.96 0.36 2.95 69.24 180.02
D12 22.19 0.38 2.93 72.71 180.78
D16 23.21 0.26 2.30 63.24 234.44
平均 21.83 0.31 2.84 66.21 204.40
2017-2018 D0 22.05 0.29 2.36 71.56 187.30
D4 22.24 0.23 3.14 66.52 223.08
D8 22.62 0.28 3.75 69.97 189.62
D12 21.58 0.38 0.66 69.24 202.96
D16 24.75 0.37 0.25 68.33 234.88
平均 22.65 0.31 2.03 69.12 207.57

Table 2

F-statistics to assess the effects of year and harvest date on fresh weight, dry weight and water content of forage rapeseed"

试验年份Year 鲜重Fresh weight (t/hm2) 干重Dry weight (t/hm2) 含水量Water content (%)
2016-2017 102.27±4.65 18.57±0.90 81.55±0.53
2017-2018 99.30±2.86 19.59±0.64 80.25±0.37
D0 77.23±6.02b 14.00±1.16c 81.87±0.37a
D4 102.10±4.26a 18.47±0.92b 81.93±0.45a
D8 113.48±7.87a 19.81±0.95b 82.30±0.73a
D12 111.09±5.52a 20.88±1.22b 81.14±0.73a
D16 101.88±4.43a 22.60±0.90a 76.90±0.54b
F值F-value
年份Year 0.33ns 0.02ns 2.13ns
刈割期Harvest date 4.88** 12.95*** 22.98***
年份×刈割期Year×Harvest date 1.91ns 2.85ns 2.82ns

Fig.1

Dynamics of biomass yield of forage rapeseed from final flowering to podding stage at different harvest dates"

Fig.2

Dynamics of water content of forage rapeseed from final flowering to podding stage at different harvest dates"

Fig.3

Dynamics of crude protein content of forage rapeseed from final flowering to podding stage at different harvest dates"

Fig.4

Dynamics of biomass yield, crude protein yield and crude protein content of forage rapeseed at different harvest dates"

Fig.5

The relationship between fresh weight, water content of forage rapeseed and the drying period"

Fig.6

The soil accumulated temperature during the drying period at different harvest dates and the relationship between the average soil accumulated temperature and water content of forage"

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