Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 97-104.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.02.015

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Effects of Mulching on Water Content of Plant and Flag Leaves and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland

Zhang Bo1,Gao Tiantian1,Cheng Hongbo2,Li Rui1,Chai Yuwei1,Li Yawei1,Chai Shouxi1()   

  1. 1 Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2019-10-22 Revised:2019-12-09 Online:2020-04-15 Published:2020-04-13
  • Contact: Shouxi Chai E-mail:sxchai@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to explore the mechanism of increasing yield of winter wheat in semiarid rain-fed agricultural area in northwest China, straw strips mulching (MS), plastic film mulching (PM), traditional flat planting without mulching (CK) were established in which MS set up with 58.82%, 50.00%, 41.66% and 37.04% maize straw coverage, and 3 rows (MS3), 4 rows (MS4), 5 rows (MS5), 6 rows (MS6) of winter wheat were planted in the planting zone, respectively for studying the effects of mulching on the water content of wheat plants and flag leaves at grain filling stage and their effects on yield of winter wheat. The results showed that the average yield of MS treatment was 9.05% higher than that of CK with MS5 increasing the maximum yield (10.34%) whereas, PM treatment increased production by 11.42% over CK. At the grain filling stage, MS increased the plant water content (PWC), relative water content of flag leaves (RWC) and rate of water loss from flag leaves in vitro within 12h (RWL12) and 24h (RWL24) were higher than CK with 1.49-2.49 percentage points, 3.29-5.26 percentage points, 7.11-8.19mg/(g?h) and 3.77-4.55mg/(g?h), respectively. Compared with PM, the PWC, RWC, RWL12 and RWL24 of MS increased by 3.24-4.37 percentage points, 5.34-10.46 percentage points, 27.03-28.66mg/(g?h) and 6.67-12.28mg/(g?h), respectively. Comparison between different maize coverage treatments, the increase extents of PWC, RWC, RWL12 and RWL24 compared with CK and PM decreased with the decrease of maize straw coverage. PM treatment increased tiller number, promoted plant vegetative growth and thus increased winter wheat yield, while straw strips mulching increased PWC and RWC at grain filling stage, delayed senescence of functional leaves and then increased grain weight which was one of the reasons for increasing grain yield compared with CK. Under the conditions of straw strip mulching, the yield increase effect of MS5 and PM was similar which was a more suitable cultivation mode.

Key words: Straw strip mulching, Dryland, Winter wheat, Plant water content, Flag leaf water content, Yield

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of different cultivation patterns"

Table 1

Experiment scheme of different cultivation patterns"

处理
Treatment		 种植带∶覆盖带
Planting belt∶
mulching belt		 覆盖度(%)
Fraction of
coverage		 行距(cm)
Row
spacing		 播种方式
Seeding
method
MS3 35cm∶50cm 58.82 17 机械条播
MS4 50cm∶50cm 50.00 17 机械条播
MS5 70cm∶50cm 41.66 17 机械条播
MS6 85cm∶50cm 37.04 17 机械条播
PM 0 0 20 全膜覆土穴播
CK 0 0 17 机械条播

Fig.2

Effects of different mulching methods on the plant water content of winter wheat"

Fig.3

Effects of different mulching methods on relative water content of flag leaf of winter wheat"

Table 2

Effects of mulching on relative water content of flag leaf %"

处理
Treatment		 花后7d
7d after flowering		 花后14d
14d after flowering		 花后21d
21d after flowering		 花后28d
28d after flowering		 变异系数(%)
Variation coefficient
MS3 87.45a 83.12a 79.48a 61.20a 14.83
MS4 85.88ab 81.00b 78.03b 60.77a 14.29
MS5 84.68b 79.85b 76.65b 59.92a 14.29
MS6 81.01c 76.54c 73.59c 57.05b 14.51
CK 81.28c 76.84c 71.67d 55.50c 15.78
PM 79.42d 73.47d 66.47e 49.94d 18.92

Fig.4

Effects of different mulching methods on water loss rate of isolated flag leaf of winter wheat"

Table 3

Effects of mulching on water loss rate of isolated flag leaf mg/(g·h)"

失水时间
Time to lose water (h)		 处理
Treatment		 花后7d
7d after flowering		 花后14d
14d after flowering		 花后21d
21d after flowering		 变异系数
Variation coefficient (%)
MS3 134.35a 115.17a 92.18a 18.54
MS4 133.48ab 114.55a 91.50a 18.58
0~12 MS5 131.70b 113.36a 90.67a 18.36
MS6 122.94c 104.22b 85.38b 18.03
CK 122.42c 103.71b 82.82b 19.24
PM 101.96d 84.05c 62.90c 23.56
MS3 72.52a 63.36a 53.03a 15.49
MS4 71.54ab 62.31a 52.90a 14.97
0~24 MS5 70.08b 62.07a 52.79a 14.03
MS6 66.12c 57.79b 49.25b 14.61
CK 65.51c 56.88b 48.22b 15.20
PM 57.79d 52.02c 43.32c 12.06

Table 4

Effects of different mulching methods on yield and its components, population biomass, plant height, harvest index and the number of spikelet in winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 穗数
Spike number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Kernel number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 生物产量
Biological yield
(kg/m2)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 收获指数
Harvest index
(%)		 结实小穗数
Number of spikelet
MS3 4 435.06a 221.10b 45.24a 47.68a 10 127.40b 102.70bc 43.83b 19.73a
MS4 4 474.39a 228.70b 45.38a 47.91a 10 202.21b 103.83b 43.86b 19.91a
MS5 4 533.56a 235.49b 45.13a 47.39a 10 291.55b 105.30a 44.14b 19.74a
MS6 4 480.85a 227.00b 45.87a 47.81a 10 213.18b 102.57bc 43.87b 20.26a
PM 4 578.13a 283.66a 36.91b 48.58a 11 193.38a 103.70b 36.73c 16.63c
CK 4 108.77b 229.45b 44.66a 44.55b 9 925.24b 101.38c 46.20a 17.33b
变异系数(%)
Variation coefficient		 3.78 9.70 7.82 2.98 4.29 1.29 9.13 8.13
最大差异率(%)
Maximum variation rate		 11.42 28.29 24.27 9.04 12.78 3.63 25.79 21.80

Table 5

Correlation analysis among yield, yield components plant water content, water loss rate of isolated flag leaf, water content of flag leaf and number of spikelet of winter wheat"

指标
Index		 产量
Yield		 穗数
Spike
number		 穗粒数
Kernel number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 植株含水量Plant water content RWL12 RWL24 RWC
7d 35d 7~35d平均
Mean of 7-35d
穗数Spike number -0.455
穗粒数Kernel number per spike -0.205 -0.898**
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.965** -0.425 -0.179
7d植株含水量
Water content of plant on day 7		 -0.120 -0.784** -0.695** -0.056
35d植株含水量
Water content of plant on day 35
 -0.081 -0.864** -0.829** -0.073 0.853**
35d平均植株含水量
Average plant water content within 35 day		 -0.016 -0.845** -0.800** 0.014 0.932** 0.953**
RWL12 -0.144 -0.893** -0.889** -0.149 0.870** 0.912** 0.934**
RWL24 -0.253 -0.662** -0.687** 0.240 0.824** 0.844** 0.916** 0.895**
RWC -0.008 -0.774** -0.739** 0.022 0.903** 0.862** 0.932** 0.950** 0.957**
结实小穗数Number of spikelets bearing -0.297 -0.693** -0.776** 0.288 0.707** 0.855** 0.859** 0.799** 0.848** 0.764**
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