Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 220-225.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.06.032

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Research on the Growth Characteristics and Forage Quality of Different Cowpea Varieties in Cold Region

Feng Yu(), Xing Baolong()   

  1. High Latitude and Cold Weather Crops Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Datong 037008, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2021-08-12 Revised:2021-09-22 Online:2022-12-15 Published:2022-12-21
  • Contact: Xing Baolong E-mail:64761351@qq.com;ghsxingbaolong@163.com

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Abstract:

In order to identify high-quality varieties suiting for planting in the chilly zone, growth traits and fodder quality of nine cowpea varieties were examined in Datong, Shanxi. The nine varieties could finish full maturity in cold region in Shanxi, and the podding period was the optimal period to collect them for feeding. The three cowpea varieties, Pinjiang dt2018-5, JD-01, and Pinjiang dt2018-9, performed better than the others and could be used as widely distributed varieties; the dry matter content were 31.9%, 35.2% and 32.6%, respectively; the crude protein content were 22.4%, 25.5% and 24.2%, respectively; the crude fat content were 1.7%, 1.4% and 1.6%, respectively; the acid detergent fiber content were 21.5%, 21.2% and 24.6%, respectively; neutral detergent content were 24.5%, 27.6% and 31.2%, respectively; hay yields were 496, 352 and 325kg/ha, respectively; fresh grass yields were 2661, 2241 and 2132kg/ha, respectively. Therefore, Pinjiang dt2018-5, JD-01 and Pinjiang dt2018-9 could be used as popularized varieties in the alpine area of Datong, Shanxi.

Key words: Cold region, Cowpea, Nutritional quality, Growth traits, Grass yield

Table 1

Comparison of growth period of different varieties of cowpea month-day"

编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 播种期
Sowing
time		 出苗期
Emergence
stage		 分枝期
Branching
period		 现蕾期
Budding
period		 初花期
Early flowering
period		 结荚期
Podding
period		 成熟期
Mature
period		 生育天数
Growth days (d)
1 品豇dt2018-9 05-18 05-28 06-09 07-13 07-16 07-26 08-16 90
2 品豇dt2018-6 05-18 05-30 06-12 07-13 07-16 07-25 08-13 87
3 品豇dt2018-7 05-18 05-28 06-25 07-14 07-18 07-26 08-16 90
4 品豇dt2018-5 05-18 05-30 07-01 07-18 07-25 08-02 08-19 93
5 JD-01 05-18 05-26 06-10 07-12 07-15 07-29 08-30 104
6 品豇dt2018-13 05-18 05-27 07-02 07-15 07-20 08-01 08-30 104
7 品豇dt2018-8 05-18 05-27 06-28 07-17 07-20 08-03 08-30 104
8 JD-02 05-18 05-28 06-14 07-12 07-17 07-27 08-20 94
9 品豇dt2018-10 05-18 06-05 06-23 07-21 07-25 08-07 09-03 108

Fig.1

Field emergence rate and number of seedlings Number 1-9 indicate Pinjiang dt2018-9, Pinjiang dt2018-6, Pinjiang dt2018-7, Pinjiang dt2018-5, JD-01, Pinjiang dt2018-13, Pinjiang dt2018-8, JD-02 and Pinjiang dt2018-10. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05)"

Table 2

Plant height and pod traits of different varieties of cowpea"

编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 主茎节数
Number of
nodes		 主茎分枝数
Branch number of
the main stem		 单株荚数
Pods per
plant		 荚长
Pod length
(cm)		 荚粒数
Number of seeds
per pod		 百粒重
100-grain
weight (g)
1 品豇dt2018-9 71.5±0.2c 9.20±0.7ab 3.4±3.4a 23.1±2.4ab 16.2±3.2a 11.9±3.1a 16.0±2.3a
2 品豇dt2018-6 70.5±0.5d 8.76±0.2c 3.6±3.6a 20.5±0.8bc 16.7±2.4a 12.4±2.8a 12.3±1.0a
3 品豇dt2018-7 67.6±0.3f 8.83±0.3bc 3.5±3.5a 22.5±2.2b 16.3±0.5a 12.1±1.4a 14.2±3.4a
4 品豇dt2018-5 82.9±0.2a 9.26±0.3ab 3.8±3.8a 26.9±1.7a 17.6±3.6a 11.8±2.3a 13.7±0.4a
5 JD-01 64.2±0.1h 9.40±0.2ab 3.5±5.3a 22.2±3.0b 16.6±1.3a 11.9±1.2a 15.4±3.8a
6 品豇dt2018-13 66.5±0.2g 9.33±0.3ab 3.4±3.3a 23.0±2.9ab 15.4±0.3a 11.7±3.1a 15.2±3.5a
7 品豇dt2018-8 81.6±0.3b 9.17±0.2ab 3.5±6.7a 19.8±2.3bc 17.2±1.9a 11.4±4.2a 12.1±1.7a
8 JD-02 68.3±0.1e 9.53±0.1a 3.4±4.3a 23.5±2.1ab 16.4±4.4a 11.9±2.4a 14.9±1.1a
9 品豇dt2018-10 72.2±0.1c 9.03±0.2b 3.5±3.5a 17.4±0.8c 14.0±2.4a 11.9±1.0a 13.9±2.4a

Table 3

Hay yield and fresh yield in different growth periods kg/hm2"

编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 幼苗期Seedling stage 抽蔓期Vine growth stage 结荚期Podding period
干草产量
Fresh yield		 鲜草产量
Dry yield		 鲜干比
Fresh to dry ratio		 干草产量
Fresh yield		 鲜草产量
Dry yield		 鲜干比
Fresh to dry ratio		 干草产量
Fresh yield		 鲜草产量
Dry yield		 鲜干比
Fresh to dry ratio
1 品豇dt2018-9 114±1.5c 943±3.5d 8.25bc 289±6.5c 2041±2.7bc 7.04b 325±1.6e 2132±2.6d 6.56a
2 品豇dt2018-6 92±2.0d 736±2.6c 8.00cd 174±3.5f 1303±6.1e 7.47ab 205±4.2g 1260±3.0g 6.14c
3 品豇dt2018-7 164±1.2b 1231±4.0b 7.40de 372±4.3a 2305±2.1a 6.19c 446±3.8b 2588±3.6b 5.80d
4 品豇dt2018-5 174±1.7a 1321±3.0a 7.58de 343±2.5b 2343±4.8a 6.82b 496±3.0a 2661±3.0a 5.36e
5 JD-01 113±2.0c 1012±2.5f 8.96a 267±2.0e 1960±2.0c 7.34b 352±8.7c 2241±1.5c 6.35b
6 品豇dt2018-13 93±1.3d 817±2.1e 8.76ab 278±2.6d 2010±6.3c 7.21b 325±4.1e 2031±3.0e 6.23bc
7 品豇dt2018-8 72±4.5e 644±2.6g 8.93a 183±2.5f 1458±4.5d 7.95a 263±2.0f 1601±1.5f 6.08c
8 JD-02 91±1.5d 738±2.5f 8.08cd 268±3.4e 2141±15.8b 7.99a 334±2.5d 2131±3.0d 6.36b
9 品豇dt2018-10 43±2.2f 313±2.0h 7.17e 114±2.7g 718±8.3f 6.30c 156±3.0h 921±2.6h 5.90d

Table 4

Nutrition constituent in different growth periods %"

生育期
Maturity		 品种
Variety		 干物质
Dry matter		 粗蛋白
Crude protein		 粗脂肪
Crude fat		 酸性洗涤纤维
ADF		 中性洗涤纤维
NDF		 可溶性碳水化合物
WSC		 粗灰分
Ash
现蕾期
Budding period		 品豇dt2018-9 26.8 14.2 1.4 24.6 21.4 20.4 5.9
品豇dt2018-6 28.3 11.4 1.2 25.6 29.6 21.9 5.5
品豇dt2018-7 29.7 13.7 1.5 27.8 19.2 21.3 6.7
品豇dt2018-5 27.5 14.1 1.1 25.7 26.1 24.5 6.2
JD-01 26.6 16.7 1.2 24.1 26.9 23.2 4.8
品豇dt2018-13 27.8 15.5 1.5 23.3 28.5 21.2 5.6
品豇dt2018-8 26.3 15.5 1.1 24.5 21.8 21.5 6.4
JD-02 27.5 14.8 1.6 21.5 29.7 23.4 5.8
品豇dt2018-10 25.7 13.9 1.5 23.5 32.3 18.2 6.1
平均值Average 27.4±1.7a 14.4±2.6b 1.3±0.3a 24.5±1.6a 26.2±2.2b 21.7±3.5a 5.9±1.6a
结荚期
Podding period		 品豇dt2018-9 32.6 24.2 1.6 24.6 31.2 25.8 6.7
品豇dt2018-6 29.6 20.8 1.3 24.7 23.7 26.7 6.1
品豇dt2018-7 30.4 20.0 1.4 23.4 29.5 27.3 5.9
品豇dt2018-5 31.9 22.4 1.7 21.5 28.9 26.2 7.4
JD-01 35.2 25.5 1.4 21.2 24.5 28.5 5.8
品豇dt2018-13 30.7 20.0 1.6 22.1 27.6 25.9 6.6
品豇dt2018-8 28.6 21.2 1.8 22.5 31.1 27.4 6.5
JD-02 29.1 22.1 1.2 23.4 30.5 25.7 6.3
品豇dt2018-10 27.2 19.7 1.5 24.5 35.3 21.4 7.2
平均值Average 30.6±1.8a 21.8±1.9a 1.5±0.2a 23.1±3.4a 29.1±3.2b 26.1±1.1a 6.5±2.5a
成熟期
Mature period		 品豇dt2018-9 30.6 17.5 1.6 26.1 32.6 27.7 4.6
品豇dt2018-6 25.4 15.2 2.2 28.4 41.0 25.6 6.3
品豇dt2018-7 25.3 17.5 1.8 24.7 36.3 27.0 9.6
品豇dt2018-5 26.9 15.9 1.5 26.7 34.4 33.3 5.5
JD-01 31.8 17.2 2.3 23.9 32.7 23.3 3.7
品豇dt2018-13 29.2 18.1 2.1 25.1 33.5 24.6 4.9
品豇dt2018-8 26.7 16.4 2.1 26.8 35.4 31.0 4.5
JD-02 26.5 17.5 2.5 25.1 39.2 24.7 5.6
品豇dt2018-10 28.1 15.1 2.3 26.6 35.4 28.0 4.8
平均值Average 27.8±2.0a 16.7±2.6b 2.0±0.4a 25.9±1.2a 35.6±2.0a 27.2±4.0a 5.5±0.6a
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