Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 226-233.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.06.033

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Effects of Dense Planting with Reduced Nitrogen Application on Spikelet Formation of Different Types of Rice Varieties

Chong Haotian1(), Shang Cheng1, Zhang Yunbo1,2, Huang Liying1,2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-08-02 Revised:2021-08-16 Online:2022-12-15 Published:2022-12-21
  • Contact: Huang Liying E-mail:201971380@yangtzeu.edu.cn;lyhuang8901@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen application on spikelet formation (differentiation and degeneration) of different types of rice varieties and the relationship between spikelet formation and yield, a field experiment with three rice varieties (Yongyou 4949, the indica-japonica hybrid variety; Yangliangyou 6, the super hybrid indica variety; Huanghuazhan, the inbred indica variety), two N levels (90 and 180kg/ha) and two planting densities (30cm×15cm and 20cm×15cm) were conducted in a split-split plot arrangement. The main results showed that the number of secondary branches, differentiated spikelets and surviving spikelets per panicle were slightly decreased caused by reduced nitrogen rate, but the differences were not significant. However, dense planting significantly reduced the number of differentiated spikelets and surviving spikelets per panicle. The number of primary and secondary branches, dry matter accumulation at panicle initiation stage contributed more to the spikelet formation. The spikelet production efficiency for nitrogen, accumulated tempearature and accumulated radiation were effectively improved under dense planting with reduced nitrogen application. Compared with Yangliangyou 6 and Huanghuazhan, Yongyou 4949 had higher grain yield under dense planting with reduced nitrogen application, which was attributed to its higher dry matter accumulation, spikelet production efficiency and differentiated spikelets.

Key words: Rice, Nitrogen fertilizer, Planting density, Grain yield, Spikelet formation

Fig.1

Daily maximum and minimum temperature, and solar radiation during rice growing season from transplanting to maturity"

Table 1

Information about varieties used in the experiment"

品种Variety 种类Variety type 育成年份Year of release 母本Female parent 父本Male parent
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 籼粳杂交稻 2016 甬粳49A F9249
扬两优6号Yangliangyou 6 籼型杂交稻 2005 广占63-4S 扬稻6号
黄华占Huanghuazhan 籼型常规稻 2005 黄新占 丰华占

Table 2

Yield and its components under different N level and planting density treatments"

品种
Variety		 氮处理
Nitrogen		 密度处理
Density		 产量
Yield
(t/hm2)		 有效穗数
Effective
panicle		 每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle		 总颖花
Spikelets
(×103)		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
甬优4949
Yongyou 4949		 减氮 正常密度 7.75c 165.4b 270.9ab 44.5b 81.1a 21.2a
增密 9.13b 185.2ab 254.7b 46.9b 82.7a 21.3a
正常氮 正常密度 8.83b 173.4b 288.0a 49.8ab 81.5a 21.2a
增密 9.76a 213.0a 251.6b 53.3a 81.2a 21.1a
扬两优6号
Yangliangyou 6		 减氮 正常密度 7.39d 174.1b 192.4a 33.4c 82.8a 26.5a
增密 9.03b 238.9a 164.4b 39.2ab 83.8a 26.6a
正常氮 正常密度 8.33c 184.5ab 209.7a 37.7b 79.0a 25.9b
增密 9.71a 224.0ab 196.0a 43.3a 80.1a 26.0b
黄华占Huanghuazhan 减氮 正常密度 6.68b 195.1b 203.7ab 39.4b 76.2a 19.5c
增密 7.36a 244.4ab 194.2b 47.0a 67.8b 20.1b
正常氮 正常密度 7.45a 212.3b 234.6a 49.9a 72.5ab 19.4c
增密 7.76a 268.5a 167.1b 44.8ab 69.2b 20.7a
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment
减氮Reduced N rate 7.89B 200.5A 213.4A 41.7B 79.1A 22.6A
正常氮Normal N rate 8.64A 212.6A 224.5A 46.4A 77.3A 22.4B
密度处理Density treatment
正常密度Normal density 7.74B 184.1B 233.2A 42.3B 78.9A 22.3B
增密Increase density 8.79A 229.0A 204.7A 45.7A 77.5A 22.7A
品种Variety
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 8.87A 184.2B 266.3A 48.6A 81.7A 21.2B
扬两优6号Yangliangyou 6 8.62A 205.4AB 190.6B 38.4B 81.4A 26.3A
黄华占Huanghuazhan 7.31B 230.1A 199.9B 45.3A 71.4B 19.9C
差异分析Analysis of variance
氮肥Nitrogen（N） ** ns ns ** ns *
密度Density（D） ** ** ns * ns **
品种Variety（V） ** ** ** ** ** **
氮肥×密度N×D ns ns ns ns ns ns
氮肥×品种N×V ns ns ns ns ns **
密度×品种D×V ** ns ns ns ns **
氮肥×密度×品种N×D×V ns ns ns * ns ns

Table 3

Spikelet differentiation and degeneration under different N levels and planting density treatments in different rice varieties"

品种
Variety		 氮处理
Nitrogen
treatment		 密度处理
Density
treatment		 一次枝梗数
Primary
branch number		 二次枝梗数
Secondary
branch number		 颖花现存数
Number of surviving
spikelets		 颖花退化数
Number of degenerated
spikelets		 颖花分化数
Number of differentiated
spikelets
甬优4949
Yongyou 4949		 减氮 正常密度 17.8a 55.9a 353.9a 19.1a 373.0a
增密 18.2a 50.9a 270.6c 25.9a 296.5b
正常氮 正常密度 18.7a 58.8a 334.6b 24.6a 359.2a
增密 16.7a 46.6a 274.2c 22.6a 296.8b
扬两优6号
Yangliangyou 6		 减氮 正常密度 13.2a 44.7a 246.7a 10.2a 249.7a
增密 13.9a 45.3a 247.9a 9.8a 249.6a
正常氮 正常密度 14.0a 47.8a 257.3a 12.8a 264.6a
增密 13.2a 48.4a 247.2a 8.1a 249.5a
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 减氮 正常密度 13.4a 39.0a 217.6ab 13.8a 231.3ab
增密 12.8a 42.6a 201.0b 12.0a 213.0b
正常氮 正常密度 12.1a 45.7a 241.5a 8.3a 249.8a
增密 12.7a 42.8a 218.3ab 10.4a 228.8ab
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment
减氮Reduced N rate 14.9A 46.4A 256.3A 15.1A 271.4A
正常氮Normal N rate 14.6A 48.3A 262.2A 14.5A 276.7A
密度处理Density treatment
正常密度Normal density 14.9A 48.6A 275.2A 14.8A 290.1A
增密Increase density 14.6A 46.1A 243.2B 14.8A 258.0B
品种Variety
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 17.8A 53.0A 308.3A 23.0A 331.4A
扬两优6号Yangliangyou 6 46.6B 249.8B 10.2B 260.0B
黄华占Huanghuazhan 12.8B 42.5B 219.6C 11.1B 230.7C
差异分析Analysis of variance
氮肥Nitrogen（N） ns ns ns ns ns
密度Density（D） ns ns ** ns **
品种Varieties（V） ** ** ** ** **
氮肥×密度N×D ns ns ns ns
氮肥×品种N×V ns ns ns ns
密度×品种D×V ns ** ns **
氮肥×密度×品种N×D×V ns ns ns

Fig.2

The relationship between the number of surviving spikelets per panicle and the number of spikelets per panicle at maturity"

Fig.3

The relationships between the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle with the number of primary branches and secondary branches"

Fig.4

The relationship between dry matter weight at panicle initiation stage and the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle"

Table 4

Spikelet production efficiency based on total dry matter weight, effectively accumulated temperature, accumulated radiation from transplanting to maturity and total N uptake at maturity"

品种
Variety		 氮处理
Nitrogen		 密度处理
Density		 干物质
Dry
matter
weight
(g/m2)		 有效积温
Effective
accumulated
temperature
(℃)		 积累辐射量
Accumulated
radiation
(MJ/m2)		 全氮吸收
Total
Nitrogen
uptake
(g/m2)		 颖花生产效率Production efficiency of spikelets
干物质
Dry
matter
(No./g)		 积温
Effective
accumulated
temperature
[No./(m2·℃)]		 辐射
Accumulated
radiation
(No./MJ)		 氮素
Nitrogen
(×103)
[No./(mg?N)]
甬优4949
Yongyou 4949		 减氮 正常密度 1386.2c 1644.4 1455.6 13.2b 32.1a 27.0c 30.5c 3.38a
增密 1535.8b 1644.4 1455.6 13.8b 30.5a 28.5bc 32.2bc 3.39a
正常氮 正常密度 1592.8b 1687.7 1492.7 17.4a 31.3a 29.5b 33.4b 2.86b
增密 1745.0a 1698.3 1496.7 17.9a 30.6a 31.4a 35.6a 2.97b
扬两优6号
Yangliangyou 6		 减氮 正常密度 1407.2c 1908.3 1662.2 12.3c 23.7a 17.5c 20.1c 2.71a
增密 1655.7a 1908.3 1662.2 14.0b 23.7a 20.5b 23.6ab 2.81a
正常氮 正常密度 1545.5b 1917.5 1674.7 16.8a 24.4a 19.7b 22.5b 2.25b
增密 1707.7a 1925.7 1709.5 16.9a 25.4a 22.5a 25.3a 2.56a
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 减氮 正常密度 1243.0c 1775.8 1558.3 11.4c 31.7b 22.2c 25.3c 3.47ab
增密 1332.9b 1775.8 1558.3 12.9b 35.3a 26.5ab 30.2ab 3.71a
正常氮 正常密度 1378.3b 1782.9 1561.1 14.9a 36.3a 28.0a 31.9a 3.35b
增密 1475.0a 1782.9 1561.1 14.9a 30.4b 25.1b 28.7b 3.00c
氮肥处理Nitrogen
减氮Reduced N rate 1426.8B 1776.2 1558.7 12.9B 29.5A 23.7B 27.0B 3.25A
正常氮Normal N rate 1574.0A 1799.2 1582.6 16.5A 29.7A 26.0A 29.6A 2.83B
密度处理Density
正常密度Normal density 1425.5B 1786.1 1567.4 14.3A 29.9A 24.0B 27.3B 3.00A
增密Increase density 1575.4A 1789.2 1573.9 15.1A 29.30A 25.7A 29.3A 3.07A
品种Varieties
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 1564.9A 1668.7 1475.1 15.6A 31.1B 29.1A 32.9A 3.15A
扬两优6号Yangliangyou 6 1579.0A 1914.9 1677.2 15.0A 24.3C 20.0C 22.9C 2.58B
黄华占Huanghuazhan 1357.3B 1779.3 1559.7 13.5B 33.4A 25.4B 29.0B 3.38A
差异分析Analysis of variance
氮肥Nitrogen（N） ** — — ** ns ** ** **
密度Density（D） ** — — ns ns * * ns
品种Varieties（V） ** — — * ** ** ** **
氮肥×密度N×D ns — — ns ns * * ns
氮肥×品种N×V ns — — ns ns ns ns ns
密度×品种D×V ns — — ns ns ns ns ns
氮肥×密度×品种N×D×V — — ns * * * *
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