Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 69-77.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.010

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The Effects of Biochar Combined with Earthworm Cast Application on Rice Yield and Nutrient Uptake

Dong Linlin1(), Shen Mingxing2, Shi Linlin1, Shen Yuan1, Wang Haihou1, Lu Changying1()   

  1. 1National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xiangcheng/Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, Jiangsu, China
    2Suzhou Country Cadre Institute, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-07-14 Revised:2021-09-23 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

The application of biochar combined with earthworm cast (BEC) can increase soil organic carbon and nitrogen input, which has a positive impact on crop yield and nutrient absorption and utilization. The aim of this work was to study the effects of BEC application on rice yield and nutrient absorption. In 2018 and 2019, three biochar gradients (B0: 0.0g/kg, B1: 6.0g/kg, B2: 30.0g/kg) and three earthworm cast gradients (M0: no earthworm cast, M1: 1% earthworm cast, M2: 5% earthworm cast) were evaluated in a pot experiment. The results showed that the biomass of different parts of rice in 2019 was higher than that in 2018, and the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in rice grains increased. However, the absorption of potassium decreased in the treatment of B2 and M2. In 2018 and 2019, there was a significant correlation between rice grain biomass and carbon input by biochar and earthworm cast (P<0.01). The amount of carbon and nitrogen input from BEC was positively correlated with nitrogen harvest index, not significantly negatively correlated with phosphorus harvest index in 2018, and significantly negatively correlated with potassium harvest index in 2019 (P<0.05). The absorption and utilization of the three nutrient elements varied greatly from the application amount of BEC. Overall, the application of biochar combined with earthworm cast promoted the growth of rice and improve the utilization rate of chemical elements. It is considered as an effective measure to fertilize medium and low yield fields, improve crop yield and nutrient utilization.

Key words: Rice, Biochar, Earthworm cast, Nutrient absorption, Element harvest index

Table 1

Content of nutrient element in biochar and wormcast applied in the pot test"

供试材料
Material		 元素含量Element content (g/kg) 含水量
Water content (%)		 pH
碳Carbon 氮Nitrogen 磷Phosphorus 钾Potassium
生物质炭Biochar 545.83 5.97 0.54 6.85 15.29 9.20
蚯蚓粪Wormcast (2018) 228.38 6.71 3.46 6.59 89.94 7.41
蚯蚓粪Wormcast (2019) 192.25 6.55 6.61 3.87 77.73 7.28

Table 2

"

处理
Treatment		 根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf 籽粒Grain
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
B0M0 17.16±0.78 23.63±0.89 44.90±7.09 85.54±5.30 15.00±2.10 25.23±1.31 56.16±6.10 73.57±6.25
B1M0 19.53±1.33 22.64±1.52 43.59±0.67 83.47±2.62 14.82±0.11 24.83±1.12 54.42±1.90 71.07±2.65
B2M0 21.31±0.71 23.58±0.80 51.61±2.94 87.79±1.68 15.4±1.17 25.73±0.84 63.62±1.68 74.17±1.57
B1M1 23.38±2.37 24.53±1.26 50.90±2.06 97.25±0.80 14.28±1.33 27.40±0.46 53.49±3.48 79.35±3.0
B1M2 30.64±1.17 26.06±1.12 66.24±4.62 118.67±4.61 20.88±1.10 36.84±0.64 81.08±2.32 123.72±6.75
B2M1 20.20±1.46 28.40±4.48 60.42±0.36 102.13±12.22 16.12±0.06 31.26±5.0 72.17±1.33 75.91±5.20
B2M2 31.44±4.63 28.67±0.95 67.7±5.36 99.24±9.26 20.70±1.44 30.58±1.04 91.12±1.03 109.43±9.74
检测变量Source of variation
生物质炭Biochar ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
蚯蚓粪Wormcast ** ** ns * * ** * *
生物质炭×蚯蚓粪
Biochar×warmcast		 ** ns ** * ** * *** ***

Table 3

Effects of different biochar and earthworm cast application on rice growth indexes among different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 株数（株/穴）Plants (plant/hole) 穗粒数Grains per panicle 结实率Seed-setting rate (%) 千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
B0M0 12.00±1.39 16.89±0.78 64.07±3.14 53.95±1.19 89.02±1.23 89.55±1.95 27.32±0.31 30.64±0.62
B1M0 10.78±0.78 15.89±0.40 49.08±2.76 55.81±2.14 91.36±1.11 90.71±1.19 27.42±0.34 31.45±0.37
B2M0 12.67±1.26 18.33±0.19 42.40±2.66 56.98±1.25 91.98±0.57 89.72±0.93 27.58±0.55 32.73±1.25
B1M1 11.55±0.40 18.22±0.22 46.03±2.92 55.58±0.96 93.10±0.60 93.03±1.65 27.44±0.16 32.12±0.89
B1M2 15.00±0.58 18.78±0.87 63.41±2.72 75.77±3.24 90.72±1.08 90.64±2.68 27.85±0.71 30.37±0.19
B2M1 12.44±0.29 17.67±1.20 46.85±0.88 59.03±2.57 91.47±1.06 90.77±0.78 27.74±0.53 30.45±0.03
B2M2 14.78±0.78 18.67±1.89 72.74±8.85 73.14±5.47 91.65±1.78 90.76±2.06 28.07±0.18 30.92±0.16
检测变量Source of variation
生物质炭Biochar ns ns ns ns ns ns ns *
蚯蚓粪Wormcast *** ns ** *** ns ns ns ns
生物质炭×蚯蚓粪
Biochar×warmcast		 * ns ** *** ns ns ns ns

Table 4

"

处理
Treatment		 氮Nitrogen 磷Phosphorus 钾Potassium
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
B0M0 463.33±32.83 1303.33±76.88 10.00±0.00 123.33±1.51 130.00±20.82 150.00±15.28
B1M0 783.33±87.43 1270.00±65.57 6.67±3.33 153.33±8.82 130.00±5.77 130.00±10.00
B2M0 873.33±81.10 1240.00±26.46 10.00±0.00 136.67±14.53 156.67±6.67 136.67±3.33
B1M1 770.00±111.36 1276.67±43.72 13.33±3.33 136.67±3.33 130.00±5.77 133.33±3.33
B1M2 1323.33±115.66 2203.33±38.36 40.00±0.00 303.33±3.33 203.33±6.67 200.00±17.32
B2M1 1083.33±44.10 1453.33±59.25 10.00±0.00 156.67±20.28 170.00±5.77 146.67±6.67
B2M2 1640.00±87.18 2246.67±201.85 30.00±5.77 200.00±23.33 213.33±12.02 180.00±30.00
检测变量Source of variation
生物炭Biochar *** ns ** ns ns ns
蚯蚓粪Wormcast *** *** ** *** *** **
生物炭×蚯蚓粪
Biochar×wormcast		 *** *** *** *** *** ***

Fig.1

Nitrogen (a), phosphorus (b) and potassium (c) harvest indicators under different treatments with different dosages of biochar and earthworm cast application Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at the level of P < 0.05"

Fig.2

Effects of carbon and nitrogen input on rice grain weight Y1, X1 and Y2, X2 represent the stimulated value of 2018 and 2019, respectively; Y means stimulated value of accumulation weight of grain, X means stimulated value of carbon (nitrogen) accumulation input"

Fig.3

Relationship among nutrient elements added by biochar and earthworm cast and their harvest index a, b and c are the fitting between carbon input and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively; d, e and f are the fitting between nitrogen input and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively"

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