Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 229-234.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.033

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Effects of Sowing Date on Late-Rice Yield and Utilization of Heat-Light Resources in Jiangxi Province

Zhang Chonghua1(), Duan Licheng1,2(), Wang Shangming1, Zhang Qingxia1, Wang Chengzi1, Wu Fengyu1, Yang Lin1   

  1. 1(1Jiangxi Nanchang Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
    2Jiangxi Agricultural Meteorological Center, Nanchang 330096, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2021-10-16 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

Rongyouhuazhan was used as material to investigate the impact of sowing date on the yield of late- rice and the utilization of heat-light resources in Jiangxi province. The effects of sowing date on the growth period, yield and its components of late-rice as well as the utilization of heat-light resources during the growth period were examined through sowing date experiments and analysis of long-sequence climatic data of Jiangxi province. The results showed that the yield was impacted by the delayed sowing date with a decrease range of 2.0% to 38.1%. There was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the effective panicle number and yield (correlation coefficient was 0.957-0.991), and the correlations between grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and yield were different in different years. The utilization rate of heat-light resources and accumulated temperature showed a downward trend with the delay of sowing date, and the accumulated temperature during the whole growth period had a extremely significant positive correlation with yield. Compared the safe full heading period and maturity period of late-rice from 1991 to 2020, the safe full heading period in northern Jiangxi from 1991 to 2005 remained basically unchanged compared with 2006-2020, the central Jiangxi and southern Jiangxi were delayed by two and three days, respectively. The safety maturity period from 2006 to 2020 was delayed by eleven, six and six days respectively compared with 1991-2005 in northern Jiangxi, central Jiangxi and southern Jiangxi. Therefore, it was advisable to select varieties with suitable growth period according to local production conditions, and early sowing at the right time was beneficial to increase late- rice yield and utilization of heat-light resources under the condition of ensuring maturity of early rice.

Key words: Late rice, Heat-light resources, Sowing date, Yield

Fig.1

Air temperature and precipitation during late-rice growing seasons in 2018 and 2019"

Table 1

Safe production dates with 80% heading rate and change of double late-rice in Jiangxi province"

地区
Region		 安全齐穗期Safe full heading date 安全成熟期Safe maturity date
30年（月-日）
30 years
(month-day)		 1991-2005
（月-日）
(month-day)		 2006-2020
（月-日）
(month-day)		 变化天数
Changed
days (d)		 30年（月-日）
30 years
(month-day)		 1991-2005
（月-日）
(month-day)		 2006-2020
（月-日）
(month-day)		 变化天数
Changed
days (d)
赣北Northern Jiangxi 09-14 09-14 09-14 0 10-22 10-18 10-29 11
赣中Central Jiangxi 09-14 09-12 09-14 2 10-26 10-23 10-29 6
赣南Southern Jiangxi 09-19 09-17 09-20 3 11-02 10-31 11-06 6
平均Mean 09-15 09-14 09-15 1 10-25 10-22 10-31 9

Table 2

Effects of sowing date on the growth period of late-rice"

年份
Year		 播期
Sowing date		 播种期（月-日）
Sowing date (month-day)		 抽穗期（月-日）
Heading date (month-day)		 成熟期（月-日）
Maturity date (month-day)		 播种―抽穗
Sowing-heading (d)		 播种―成熟
Sowing-maturity (d)
2018 Ⅰ 06-10 09-02 10-10 85 123
Ⅱ 06-20 09-09 10-22 82 125
Ⅲ 06-30 09-13 10-30 76 123
Ⅳ 07-10 09-23 11-06 76 120
2019 Ⅰ 06-13 09-09 10-14 89 124
Ⅱ 06-22 09-12 10-22 83 123
Ⅲ 07-02 09-18 10-28 79 119
Ⅳ 07-12 09-29 11-06 80 118

Table 3

Effects of sowing date on the yield and its components of late-rice"

年份
Year		 播期
Sowing date		 有效穗数
Effective panicle number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (t/hm2)
2018 Ⅰ 348.74a 160.6a 74.37a 23.76a 7.92a
Ⅱ 345.62a 151.6ab 75.47a 23.95a 7.58ab
Ⅲ 342.18ab 137.7c 74.80a 23.57a 6.65c
Ⅳ 338.12c 130.8c 69.04b 23.98a 5.86d
2019 Ⅰ 324.37a 159.7a 80.60a 24.16a 8.07a
Ⅱ 314.06b 157.3a 81.74a 24.47a 7.91a
Ⅲ 310.93b 143.0b 74.83ab 25.01a 6.66b
Ⅳ 285.62c 143.7b 63.05c 24.13a 4.99c

Table 4

Relative coefficient among yield and its components"

类别
Type		 年份
Year		 有效穗数
Effective panicle number		 穗粒数
Grain number per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
产量
Yield		 2018 0.991** 0.983* 0.796 -0.140
2019 0.957* 0.861 0.990** 0.090

Table 5

Effects of seeding date on accumulative temperatures and light hours of double late-rice"

年份
Year		 播期
Sowing
date		 积温Accumulative temperature (℃) 日照时数Light hours (h)
播种―抽穗
Sowing-
heading		 抽穗―成熟
Heading-
maturity		 全生育期Growth duration 播种―抽穗
Sowing-
heading		 抽穗―成熟
Heading-
maturity		 全生育期Growth duration
总积温
Total accumulative
temperature (℃)		 利用率
Utilization
ratio (%)		 总日照时数
Total light
hours (h)		 利用率
Utilization
ratio (%)
2018 Ⅰ 2541.8 972.7 3514.5 100.0 655.8 229.8 885.6 100.0
Ⅱ 2460.4 984.1 3444.5 98.0 622.7 219.6 842.3 95.1
Ⅲ 2272.4 1051.6 3324.0 94.6 587.2 243.5 830.7 93.8
Ⅳ 2266.8 875.9 3142.7 89.4 598.3 208.6 806.9 91.1
2019 Ⅰ 2597.9 916.3 3514.2 100.0 541.2 272.4 813.6 100.0
Ⅱ 2450.8 985.4 3436.2 97.8 534.1 286.5 820.6 100.9
Ⅲ 2347.4 917.6 3265.0 92.9 552.2 236.9 789.1 96.9
Ⅳ 2363.2 806.3 3169.5 90.2 634.2 202.5 836.7 102.8

Table 6

Correlation coefficient among various meteorological elements and growth period and yield"

类别
Type		 总积温
Total accumulative
temperature		 总日照时数
Total light
hours		 总降雨量
Total
rainfall
全生育期
Growth duration		 0.849** 0.374 0.682
产量Yield 0.949** 0.258 0.882
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