Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 110-116.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.016

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Effects of New Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Growth, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit

Liu Yan1(), Qu Hang1, Xing Yuehua1, Wang Xiaohui2, Gong Liang1()   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resource, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
    2Wafangdian Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Wafangdian 116300, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2022-04-07 Revised:2022-06-18 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

The new type of nitrogen fertilizer is one of the effective measures to increase rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate and reduce nitrogen loss. In order to achieve high yield and high efficiency of japonica rice in northern China, different types of new nitrogen fertilizers and fertilization methods suitable for rice application in Liaohe Plain were studied. Loss-controlled urea, urea containing zinc and humic acid urea were used to determine their effects on rice yield, economic benefit, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency under N 210kg/ha, and conventional urea was set as control. The results showed that the new types of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the growth of plant height by 9.68%-17.07%, and the formation of effective tillering of rice, and panicle formation rate was increased by 21.28%-27.90%. The application of urea loss-controlled, zinc containing urea and humate urea increased the rice effective panicles, grain number per panicle and panicle length, and had a significant positive correlation with yield. Compared with conventional urea treatment increased the rice yield by 6.09%, 5.65% and 3.26%, respectively, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 23.30%, 26.21% and 30.42%, respectively, and the economic benefit increased by 5.80%-10.25%. The basal application of loss- controlled urea reduced the yield of rice by 17.17%, economic benefit reduced by 35.5%. Therefore, there were three new types of fertilizers combined with basal and topdressing are suitable for rice planting in Liaohe Plain area, which can improve rice yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit.

Key words: New types of nitrogen fertilizer, Rice, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Economic benefit

Fig.1

Plant height of rice under different new types of nitrogen fertilizer"

Fig.2

Dynamic changes of rice tillerings under different new types of nitrogen fertilizer"

Table 1

Effects of new type of nitrogen application on panicle formation rate"

处理
Treatment		 最高茎蘖数
Maximum tillers
(×104/hm2)		 有效穗数
Effective panicles
number (×104/hm2)		 成穗率
Panicle formation
rate (%)
CK 243.47±18.97c 175.33±10.18d 72.01±0.18a
U 380.93±21.42a 233.33±21.77c 61.25±0.09b
FU 355.71±14.21ab 278.89±12.22ab 78.40±0.14a
HU 379.06±11.52a 292.22±12.37a 77.11±0.06a
CU 396.83±9.34a 301.11±19.37a 75.88±0.07a
CUB 338.57±7.26b 242.22±17.36c 71.52±0.13a
Zn-U 376.63±13.45a 280.50±19.25ab 74.34±0.11a
U+Zn 354.00±20.37ab 250.21±20.37c 70.62±0.18a

Table 2

Effects of different new nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 穗粒数
Grains per panicle		 穗长
Panicle length (cm)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
CK 24.46±0.20a 90.90±0.57a 137.78±5.33c 15.21±0.48b 4201.73±229.44d
U 25.07±0.37a 90.70±0.41a 146.01±9.46b 17.09±0.54ab 7670.13±159.07b
FU 24.62±0.79a 90.13±1.74a 146.22±6.31b 17.67±0.22ab 7970.28±88.41ab
HU 24.14±0.31a 89.13±1.01a 150.81±9.33a 18.32±0.42a 7986.95±120.45ab
CU 25.02±0.98a 90.84±2.14a 155.38±7.17a 18.56±0.12a 8137.03±72.74a
CUB 25.36±1.01a 91.16±1.77a 133.78±9.73c 16.33±0.33b 6352.80±173.29c
Zn-U 24.58±0.33a 92.08±0.37a 158.89±8.89a 18.89±0.39a 8103.68±173.33a
U+Zn 23.14±2.47a 92.33±1.71a 151.45±7.63a 15.91±0.67b 7920.25±142.55ab

Table 3

Correlation coefficients of rice yield and its components"

项目
Item		 产量
Yield		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 结实率
Seed-setting rate		 有效穗数
Effective panicles number		 穗粒数
Grains per panicle		 穗长
Panicle length
产量Yield 1.000
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.176 1.000
结实率Seed-setting rate -0.038 -0.215 1.000
有效穗数Effective panicles number 0.884** -0.026 -0.225 1.000
穗粒数Grains per panicle 0.759* -0.360 0.160 0.702 1.000
穗长Panicle length 0.754* 0.209 -0.262 0.876** 0.747* 1.000

Table 4

Effects of different new fertilization treatments on nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency"

处理Treatment TN (kg/hm2) NRE (%) NPE (kg/kg) NAE (kg/kg) NPFP (kg/kg) NHI (%)
CK 72.45±4.12d － － － － 63.19±1.18bc
U 137.40±2.25b 30.93±2.08bc 53.28±1.61bc 16.52±1.47a 36.52±0.76a 65.18±0.30b
FU 149.15±1.61a 36.52±1.79ab 49.37±1.55cd 17.95±0.98a 37.95±0.57a 63.97±1.59bc
HU 157.10±1.56a 40.31±1.75a 44.44±1.17e 17.94±1.17a 38.03±0.42a 60.42±0.12d
CU 152.55±5.04a 38.14±2.81a 49.23±1.38cd 18.74±1.17a 38.74±0.35a 62.61±1.52bcd
CUB 112.98±3.26c 19.30±3.05d 56.96±2.14ab 10.24±1.49a 30.25±0.83b 62.27±1.15cd
Zn-U 154.30±1.14a 38.98±1.77a 47.58±2.31de 18.58±1.49a 38.59±0.83a 62.64±0.92bcd
U+Zn 133.60±0.68b 29.12±1.73c 58.68±0.77a 17.71±0.42a 37.72±0.68a 69.94±1.08a

Table 5

"

处理
Treatment		 产值
Output		 肥料
Fertilizer		 人工费
Labour		 秧苗
Seedling		 其他
Other		 成本支出
Cost		 经济效益
Economic benefit		 产投比
Output-input ratio
CK 10 924.49 1150.00 － 2200 4500 7850.00 3074.49 1.39
U 19 942.33 1681.76 300 2200 4500 8681.76 11 260.57 2.30
FU 20 722.72 1808.67 300 2200 4500 8808.67 11 914.05 2.35
HU 20 766.07 1681.76 300 2200 4500 8681.76 12 084.31 2.39
CU 21 156.27 1740.67 300 2200 4500 8740.67 12 415.60 2.42
CUB 16 517.28 1808.67 － 2200 4500 8508.67 8008.61 1.94
Zn-U 21 069.56 1808.67 300 2200 4500 8808.67 12 260.89 2.39
U+ZN 20 592.65 1642.49 300 2200 4500 8642.49 11 950.16 2.38
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