Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 109-114.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.015

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Effects of “Double-Exemption Dense Seedling” Technique on Seedling Quality and Enzyme Activity of Rice in Cold Region

Zhang Jiazhi1,2(), Zhao Yuhan2, Ding Junjie1, Yao Liangliang1, Qiu Lei1, Zhang Maoming1, Wang Zijie1, Gao Xuedong1, Huang Chengliang1, Cui Shize3, Yang Xiaohe1()   

  1. 1Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Main Crop Breeding and Cultivation in Sanjiang Plain, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
    2College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Education Department, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    3Institute of Crop Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2023-07-06 Revised:2023-08-28 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

“Double-exemption dense seedling” can effectively alleviate the problems of high production cost, difficult in hiring labor and low production efficiency in rice production in cold areas. To clarify the effect of “double-exemption dense seedling” technology on seedling quality and seedling enzyme activity can provide theoretical basis and technical support for cost-saving, efficiency increase and agricultural sustainable development. In the experiment, Kenjing 8 was selected as the test variety, and six treatments were set up: two seed types (G: dry seed, Y: bud seed) and three seeding rates (B1: 200 g/plate, B2: 250 g/plate, B3: 300 g/plate). The effects of “double-exemption dense seedling” on rice emergence rate, seedling quality, α-amylase activity and antioxidant enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that the “double-exemption” G mode improved the emergence rate, seedling formation rate and endosperm residue of rice seedling. The emergence rate and seedling formation rate of B2 treatment were higher than those of B1 treatment. The endosperm residue decreased gradually with the increase of seeding rate. The number of roots treated with B1 was higher than that treated with B2 and B3. With the increase of seeding rate, the stem base width showed a trend of B1 > B2 > B3 in two years, and the activity of α-amylase in seed thorax breaking stage and needle standing stage gradually increased with the increase of seeding rate. The activity of α-amylase in 2.1 leaf stage showed a trend of decrease with the increase of seeding rate. The α-amylase activities of B2 and B3 treatments showed a decreasing trend with the growth of seedlings. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves decreased gradually with the increase of seeding rate.

Key words: Rice, Double-exemption, Dense seedling, Seedling quality, Enzyme activity

Table 1

Processing combinations"

种子类型
Type of seeding		 播种量
Seeding rate		 处理
Treatment		 移栽叶龄
Transplanting leaf age
G B1 GB1 2.0叶左右
B2 GB2
B3 GB3
Y B1 YB1 2.0叶左右
B2 YB2
B3 YB3

Fig.1

Interaction effects of seeding treatment and seeding amount on seedling rate and endosperm residue of rice Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05). Different capital letters indicate extremely significant difference among treatments (P < 0.01). “*”and“**”indicate significant or extremely significant differences between the two factors, respectively."

Table 2

Correlation analysis of rice seeding rate, seedling rate and endosperm residue"

年份
Year		 相关系数
Coefficient of correlation		 播种量
Seeding rate		 出苗率
Rate of emergence		 成苗率
Rate of seedling formation		 胚乳残留量
Endosperm residue
2021 播种量 1.00
出苗率 0.23 1.00
成苗率 0.59 0.50 1.00
胚乳残留量 -0.69 0.41 0.04 1.00
2022 播种量 1.00
出苗率 0.13 1.00
成苗率 0.47 0.42 1.00
胚乳残留量 -0.39 0.76* 0.45 1.00

Table 3

Effects of different seeding treatments and seeding rate on seedling quality of rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant
height (cm)		 叶龄
Leaf age		 根数
Number
of roots		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 茎基宽
Stem base
width (mm)		 第一叶耳间距
First lug
spacing (cm)		 百株地上干重
Above-ground
100 plant
dry weight (g)		 百株地下干重
Underground
100 plant
dry weight (g)
2021 G 15.34aA 1.94bB 6.62aA 5.57aA 1.42aA 0.35bB 1.73bB 1.58bB
Y 14.21bA 2.16aA 7.22aA 5.93aA 1.38aA 1.75aA 2.66aA 1.80aA
FA 8.276** 23.937** 2.940 1.520 0.240 60.736** 2028.255** 84.021**
B1 14.68aA 2.18aA 7.07aA 5.89aA 1.52aA 1.46aA 2.17bA 1.66bB
B2 15.10aA 1.98bB 6.80aA 5.79aA 1.40aA 0.89bA 2.18bA 1.50cC
B3 14.54aA 1.99bB 6.90aA 5.57aA 1.28aA 0.81bA 2.24aA 1.90aA
FB 0.740 8.636** 0.200 0.420 2.160 5.161* 4.745* 97.522**
FA×B 3.110 3.980 0.250 0.280 0.190 0.240 25.141** 57.578**
2022 G 11.53aA 2.04aA 7.17aA 8.46aA 0.71aA 0.54bB 1.36bB 1.39aA
Y 10.06bB 2.02bB 6.89aA 8.06bA 0.54bB 0.71aA 1.39aA 1.38aA
FA 1.900 1.530 2.270 5.780** 19.850** 19.850** 0.082 0.010
B1 10.34bB 2.02bB 9.70aA 7.07aA 1.62aA 0.57bB 1.57aA 1.48aA
B2 10.75bAB 2.04aA 8.15bB 7.14aA 1.53bA 0.74aA 1.22cC 1.39bB
B3 11.29aA 2.03aAB 6.92cC 6.88aA 1.38cB 0.56bB 1.34bB 1.28cC
FB 0.267 0.415 0.702 93.781** 8.525** 8.525** 3.257 0.589
FA×B 36.153** 10.382** 10.304** 4.460** 4.797** 4.797** 163.057** 79.436**

Table 4

Effects of different seeding treatments and seeding rate on α-amylase activity in rice seedling stage U/g"

处理
Treatment		 破胸期
Thoracotomy
period		 立针期
Standing
injection period		 1.1叶期
1.1 leaf
stage		 2.1叶期
2.1 leaf
stage
G 4.50aA 3.32bA 1.87aA 1.55aA
Y 2.44bB 3.55aA 1.71bB 1.22bB
FA 1426.340** 5.730* 30.796** 816.458**
B1 2.66cC 2.90cB 1.78aA 1.46aA
B2 3.27bB 3.19bB 1.82aA 1.39bB
B3 4.47aA 4.22aA 1.75aA 1.30cC
FB 382.900** 68.190** 1.829 64.859**
FA×B 120.640** 0.044 432.260** 1070.168**

Table 5

Effects of different seeding treatments and seeding rate on antioxidant oxidase activities in rice leaves at seedling stage U/g"

处理Treatment SOD POD CAT
G 70.34aA 22 027.10aA 45.79aA
Y 56.21bB 21 173.11bB 44.39bB
FA 4622.110** 23.610** 11.160**
B1 69.45aA 24 064.06aA 47.02aA
B2 63.63bB 21 028.39bB 46.82aA
B3 56.75cC 19 707.87cC 41.42bB
FB 1246.970** 215.370** 76.910**
FA×B 79.670** 216.420** 0.110
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