Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 135-142.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.04.019

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Effects of Foliar Spraying Zinc and Boron Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Jin Buckwheat (Bitter) No.5

Cao Changlin(), Lü Huiqing(), Hao Zhiping, Gao Xiang, Zhou Zhongyu   

  1. Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences)/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-02-24 Revised:2020-03-19 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-11
  • Contact: Lü Huiqing E-mail:changlincao954@163.com;Lhq6868@163.com

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Abstract:

In order to improve the yield and quality of buckwheat, the effects of spraying zinc and boron microfertilizer on the yield and quality of buckwheat during bud stage and flowering stage were studied by using the method of three-factor random block group design. The results showed that the application of zinc and borax fertilizer significantly increased the grain protein content, 1000-grain weight, and yield of buckwheat, whereas significantly reduced the total flavonoids content, and the highest concentrations of zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer were 60 and 45mg/L, respectively. The zinc concentration was 60mg/L and the boron concentration was 30mg/L, when zinc and boron fertilizer were used in combination, and the bud stage was suitable spraying period. The combination of zinc and boron fertilizer had synergistic effect on the formation of grain protein and yield, and antagonistic effect on the formation of total flavonoids with the decreasing degree of total flavonoids alleviated effectively. It is concluded that the application of proper amount of zinc and boron microfertilizer can significantly improve the grain yield and protein content of buckwheat.

Key words: Buckwheat, Zinc fertilizer, Boron fertilizer, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Effects of zinc fertilizer by single application on grain protein content, total flavonoids content, 1000-grain weight and yield in 2017 and 2018"

喷施时期
Spraying stage		 处理
Treatment		 蛋白质Protein (%) 总黄酮Total flavonoids (%) 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
现蕾期 Zn0 (CK1) 13.39±0.02Cc 13.90±0.07Bc 2.27±0.03Aa 3.30±0.05Aa 22.00±0.23Bc 20.50±0.55Bc 1 520±17Cc 1 730±32Cd
Squaring stage Zn20 13.64±0.09Cc 14.06±0.04Bbc 2.13±0.04ABab 3.13±0.04Bb 22.40±0.26ABbc 21.10±0.26ABbc 1 560±17BCbc 1 790±38BCc
Zn40 14.05±0.13Bb 14.32±0.02ABb 2.02±0.07BCb 3.06±0.01BCbc 22.90±0.38ABab 21.50±0.20ABabc 1 610±12ABb 1 940±46ABb
Zn60 14.64±0.09Aa 14.72±0.22Aa 1.80±0.06Cc 2.91±0.02Dd 23.50±0.26Aa 22.40±0.23Aa 1 671±15Aa 2 070±23Aa
Zn80 14.17±0.06ABb 14.26±0.01ABb 1.87±0.02Cc 2.96±0.01CDcd 23.00±0.23ABab 21.80±0.09ABab 1 600±18ABb 1 890±38BCb
盛花期 Zn0 (CK1) 13.32±0.07Cc 13.90±0.10Cd 2.26±0.04Aa 3.29±0.03Aa 21.40±0.15Bc 20.50±0.43Bb 1 500±10Bc 1 720±20Bd
Flowering stage Zn20 13.68±0.10BCbc 14.04±0.01BCcd 2.11±0.06ABb 3.11±0.02Bb 21.80±0.40ABbc 20.80±0.29ABb 1 550±26Bbc 1 770±30Bcd
Zn40 14.19±0.07ABab 14.29±0.08Bb 2.01±0.06BCb 3.02±0.03BCb 22.40±0.26ABab 21.50±0.26ABab 1 590±32ABb 1 910±40ABb
Zn60 14.70±0.38Aa 14.69±0.07Aa 1.78±0.01Dc 2.76±0.04Dd 22.90±0.09Aa 22.20±0.20Aa 1 667±17Aa 2 050±30Aa
Zn80 14.19±0.07ABab 14.23±0.04Bbc 1.86±0.03CDc 2.91±0.05CDc 22.40±0.35ABab 20.90±0.40ABb 1 540±20Bbc 1 870±70ABbc

Fig.1

Effects of boron fertilizer on grain protein content of buckwheat in 2017 and 2018 Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significantly different at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively. The same below"

Fig.2

Effects of boron fertilizer on grain total flavonoids content of buckwheat in 2017 and 2018"

Fig.3

Effects of boron fertilizer on 1000-grain weight in 2017 and 2018"

Fig.4

Effects of boron fertilizer on yield in 2017 and 2018"

Table 2

Effects of zinc and boron fertilizer by mutual application on grain protein and total flavonoids content %"

喷施时期
Spraying stage		 目标
Goal		 处理
Treatment		 T0 T20 T40 T60 T80
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
现蕾期
Squaring
stage		 蛋白质 施硼 13.45±0.04Cd 13.96±0.09Cb 13.76±0.06Cc 14.18±0.09BCb 14.16±0.05Bb 14.43±0.05ABab 14.76±0.05Aa 14.82±0.23Aa 14.20±0.15Bb 14.39±0.09ABb
不施硼 13.39±0.02Cc 13.90±0.07Cb 13.64±0.09Cc 14.06±0.04Bbc 14.05±0.13Bb 14.32±0.02ABb 14.64±0.09Aa 14.72±0.22Aa 14.27±0.06ABb 14.26±0.01ABb
施硼增量 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.03 0.13
总黄酮 施硼 2.30±0.04Aa 3.33±0.03Aa 2.17±0.04Bb 3.16±0.01Bb 2.09±0.01BCb 3.09±0.02BCbc 1.84±0.02Dd 2.96±0.05Cd 1.98±0.03Cc 3.03±0.03BCcd
不施硼 2.27±0.03Aa 3.30±0.05Aa 2.13±0.04ABab 3.13±0.04Bb 2.02±0.07BCb 3.06±0.01BCbc 1.80±0.06Cc 2.91±0.02Dd 1.87±0.02Cc 2.96±0.01CDcd
施硼增量 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.07
盛花期
Flowering
stage		 蛋白质 施硼 13.33±0.04Cb 13.92±0.03Cd 13.70±0.13BCb 14.14±0.01BCc 14.21±0.24ABb 14.38±0.04Bb 14.72±0.20Aa 14.79±0.12Aa 14.28±0.07ABa 14.29±0.05Bbc
不施硼 13.32±0.07Cc 13.90±0.10Cd 13.68±0.10BCbc 14.04±0.01BCcd 14.19±0.07ABab 14.29±0.08Bb 14.70±0.38Aa 14.69±0.07Aa 14.19±0.07ABab 14.23±0.04Bbc
施硼增量 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.10 0.09 0.06
总黄酮 施硼 2.29±0.05Aa 3.31±0.03Aa 2.15±0.01ABb 3.14±0.06ABb 2.06±0.04BCb 3.07±0.03Bb 1.82±0.02Dc 2.82±0.06Cc 1.94±0.05CDc 2.98±0.01Bb
不施硼 2.26±0.04Aa 3.29±0.03Aa 2.11±0.06ABb 3.11±0.02Bb 2.01±0.06BCb 3.02±0.03BCb 1.78±0.01Dc 2.76±0.04Dd 1.86±0.03CDc 2.91±0.05CDc
施硼增量 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.07

Table 3

Effects of zinc and boron fertilizer by mutual application on 1000-grain weight and yield"

喷施时期
Spraying stage		 目标
Goal		 处理
Treatment		 T0 T20 T40 T60 T80
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
现蕾期
Squaring
stage		 千粒重(g) 施硼 22.20±0.17Dd 20.70±0.20Cd 23.20±0.12Cc 21.40±0.17BCc 24.10±0.12Bb 21.90±0.20ABc 24.90±0.06Aa 22.80±0.26Aa 24.20±0.12Bb 22.10±0.17ABb
不施硼 22.00±0.23Bc 20.50±0.55Bc 22.40±0.26ABc 21.10±0.26ABbc 22.90±0.38ABab 21.50±0.2ABac 23.50±0.26Aa 22.40±0.23Aa 23.00±0.23ABb 21.80±0.09ABab
施硼增量 0.20 0.20 0.80 0.20 1.20 0.30 1.40 0.40 1.20 0.20
产量(kg/hm2) 施硼 1 540±17Cc 1 750±32Cd 1 590±12BCc 1 840±20BCcd 1 640±20ABb 1 970±26ABCbc 1 700±15Aa 2 110±66Aa 1 650±17ABb 1 920±72ABab
不施硼 1 520±17Cc 1 730±32Cd 1 560±15BCbc 1 800±23BCcd 1 610±12ABb 1 940±46ABb 1 670±18Aa 2 070±38Aa 1 600±17ABb 1 890±38BCbc
施硼增量 20.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 30.00
盛花期
Flowering
stage		 千粒重(g) 施硼 21.60±0.29Bd 20.60±0.61Bc 22.20±0.17Bc 21.10±0.09ABbc 23.10±0.17Ab 21.70±0.20ABab 23.80±0.12Aa 22.40±0.17Aa 23.40±0.06Aab 21.50±0.23ABabc
不施硼 21.40±0.15Bc 20.50±0.43Bb 21.80±0.40ABbc 20.80±0.29ABb 22.40±0.26ABab 21.50±0.26ABab 22.90±0.09Aa 22.20±0.20Aa 22.40±0.35ABab 20.90±0.40ABb
施硼增量 0.20 0.10 0.40 0.30 0.70 0.20 0.90 0.10 1.00 0.40
产量(kg/hm2) 施硼 1 530±12Cc 1 740±60Cd 1 590±15Bb 1 820±70BCcd 1 640±20Bb 1 950±50ABCbc 1 720±20Aa 2 120±10Aa 1 600±15Bb 1 930±40ABab
不施硼 1 500±10Bc 1 720±20Bd 1 550±17Bbc 1 770±30Bcd 1 590±32ABb 1 910±40ABb 1 670±26Aa 2 050±30Aa 1 540±20Bbc 1 870±70ABbc
施硼增量 30.00 20.00 30.00 50.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 70.00 60.00 60.00

Table 4

Effects of zinc and boron fertilizer by mutual application on grain protein and total flavonoids content %"

喷施时期
Spraying stage		 目标
Goal		 处理效应
Treatment effect		 T20 T40 T60 T80
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
现蕾期 蛋白质 同T0比± 施硼 0.31 0.22 0.71 0.47 1.31 0.86 0.85 0.43
Squaring stage 不施硼 0.25 0.16 0.66 0.42 1.25 0.82 0.88 0.36
配合效应 0.37 0.28 0.77 0.53 1.37 0.92 0.81 0.49
锌效应+硼效应 0.31 0.22 0.72 0.43 1.31 0.88 0.74 0.42
互作值 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.04
总黄酮 同T0比± 施硼 -0.13 -0.17 -0.21 -0.24 -0.46 -0.37 -0.32 -0.30
不施硼 -0.14 -0.17 -0.25 -0.24 -0.47 -0.39 -0.40 -0.34
配合效应 -0.10 -0.12 -0.18 -0.19 -0.43 -0.32 -0.33 -0.25
锌效应+硼效应 -0.11 -0.14 -0.22 -0.21 -0.44 -0.36 -0.37 -0.31
互作值 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03
盛花期 蛋白质 同T0比± 施硼 0.35 0.22 0.86 0.46 1.37 0.87 0.93 0.37
Flowering stage 不施硼 0.36 0.14 0.87 0.39 1.38 0.79 0.87 0.33
配合效应 0.38 0.24 0.89 0.49 1.40 0.89 0.96 0.39
锌效应+硼效应 0.37 0.16 0.88 0.41 1.39 0.81 0.88 0.35
互作值 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.02
总黄酮 同T0比± 施硼 -0.14 -0.17 -0.23 -0.24 -0.47 -0.49 -0.35 -0.29
不施硼 -0.15 -0.18 -0.25 -0.27 -0.48 -0.53 -0.40 -0.38
配合效应 -0.11 -0.15 -0.2 -0.22 -0.44 -0.47 -0.35 -0.27
锌效应+硼效应 -0.12 -0.16 -0.22 -0.26 -0.45 -0.51 -0.37 -0.36
互作值 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.05

Table 5

Effects of zinc and boron fertilizer by mutual application on 1000-grain weight and yield"

喷施时期
Spraying stage		 目标
Goal		 处理效应
Treatment effect		 T20 T40 T60 T80
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
现蕾期 千粒重(g) 同T0比± 施硼 1.00 0.70 1.90 1.20 2.70 2.10 2.00 1.40
Squaring stage 不施硼 0.40 0.60 0.90 1.00 1.50 1.90 1.00 1.30
配合效应 1.20 0.90 2.10 1.40 2.90 2.30 2.20 1.60
锌效应+硼效应 0.60 0.80 1.10 1.20 1.70 2.10 1.20 1.50
互作值 0.30 0.05 0.50 0.10 0.60 0.10 0.50 0.05
产量(kg/hm2) 同T0比± 施硼 50.00 90.00 100.00 220.00 160.00 390.00 110.00 270.00
不施硼 40.00 70.00 90.00 210.00 150.00 340.00 80.00 160.00
配合效应 70.00 110.00 120.00 240.00 180.00 380.00 130.00 190.00
锌效应+硼效应 60.00 90.00 110.00 230.00 170.00 360.00 100.00 180.00
互作值 5.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 5.00
盛花期 千粒重(g) 同T0比± 施硼 0.60 0.50 1.50 1.10 2.20 1.80 1.80 0.90
Flowering stage 不施硼 0.40 0.30 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.70 1.00 0.40
配合效应 0.80 0.60 1.70 1.20 2.40 1.90 2.00 1.00
锌效应+硼效应 0.60 0.40 1.20 1.10 1.70 1.80 1.20 0.50
互作值 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.05 0.35 0.05 0.40 0.25
产量(kg/hm2) 同T0比± 施硼 60.00 80.00 110.00 210.00 190.00 380.00 70.00 270.00
不施硼 50.00 50.00 90.00 190.00 170.00 330.00 40.00 150.00
配合效应 90.00 100.00 140.00 230.00 220.00 400.00 100.00 210.00
锌效应+硼效应 80.00 70.00 120.00 210.00 200.00 380.00 70.00 200.00
互作值 5.00 15.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 15.00 5.00
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