Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 77-82.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.011

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Analysis of Agronomic Characteristics of Different Cassava Varieties (Lines) and Screening of High-Yielding Varieties (Lines)

Xiao Mingkun1(), Liu Guanghua2(), Song Jiming1, Liu Qian1, Duan Chunfang1,3, Jiang Tailing1, Zhang Linhui1,3, Yan Wei1, Shen Shaobin1, Zhou Yingchun1, Xiong Xiankun1, Luo Xin1, Bai Lina1, Li Yuexian1()   

  1. 1Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
    2Biotechnology and Genetic Germplasm Resource Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    3Baoshan Quanxin Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2021-05-11 Revised:2021-07-03 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Liu Guanghua,Li Yuexian E-mail:530066351@qq.com;rjslgh@vip.126.com;liyuexian2008@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to explore the main factors affecting the yield of cassava, and screen high-yielding cassava varieties (lines), nine main agronomic traits of ten cassava varieties (lines) were compared and analyzed by using principal component analysis. The results showed that the agronomic traits of ten cassava varieties (lines) had significant differences (P < 0.05) except deciduous height and root thick (P > 0.05). The agronomic traits of SC9, SC124 and 58-7 had great variation. Among agronomic traits, the variation coefficients of yield per plant, aboveground fresh weight, number of fresh tubers and stem diameter were the largest. The number of fresh tubers, root length and thick were the key influencing factors of yield per plant. Two principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 88.1%, which reflected the basic information of agronomic traits. Among them, the number of fresh tubers was the dominant variable of the first principal component, and root length was the dominant variable of the second principal component. Among the ten cassava varieties (lines), SG-9 had the highest comprehensive score, GMT and SC9 had obvious yield advantages and could be used as planting and extension varieties.

Key words: Cassava, Agronomic characteristics, Correlation analysis, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis, Screening

Table 1

Overview and source of experimental materials"

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 来源
Source
277 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所
43-3 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所
58-7 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所
GMT 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所
GR891 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所
SC-1 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所
SC124 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所
SC205 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所
SC9 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所
SG-9 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所

Table 2

Comparison of agronomic traits of cassava of different varieties (lines)"

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 株高Plant height (cm) 主茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 第1分枝高First branch height (cm)
M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%)
277 213.43±44.65ab 20.92 25.93±7.93a 30.60 102.20±24.58abc 24.05
43-3 209.10±55.63ab 26.60 24.97±9.11a 36.47 92.73±33.62bc 36.26
58-7 218.80±59.16ab 27.04 25.59±9.64a 37.69 98.17±40.20abc 40.95
GMT 224.23±45.10a 20.11 23.84±13.05ab 54.74 109.70±37.37ab 34.07
GR891 235.10±51.10a 21.73 25.86±8.81a 34.08 101.57±34.84abc 34.30
SC-1 223.43±59.49a 26.62 26.54±8.94a 33.69 107.37±37.38ab 34.82
SC124 227.67±58.98a 25.91 26.63±9.15a 34.35 103.17±39.74abc 38.51
SC205 212.47±60.36ab 28.41 24.71±9.37ab 37.93 92.87±39.44bc 42.46
SC9 201.93±61.99b 30.70 24.12±9.46ab 39.24 86.80±37.89c 43.65
SG-9 231.03±69.68a 30.16 23.65±4.71b 19.92 115.30±39.61a 34.36
平均Average － 25.82 － 35.87 － 36.34
品种（系）
Variety (line)		 株高Plant height (cm) 主茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 第1分枝高First branch height (cm)
M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%)
平均Average － 25.82 － 35.87 － 36.34
277 146.93±49.71a 33.83 2.35±1.06b 45.11 5.50±2.33ab 42.36
43-3 139.90±58.60a 41.89 2.85±1.79ab 62.95 5.67±3.00ab 52.87
58-7 145.10±66.39a 45.75 2.99±2.57ab 86.09 5.97±3.98ab 66.63
GMT 154.87±63.40a 40.93 2.83±2.06ab 72.69 6.80±4.37a 64.21
GR891 147.47±59.13a 40.10 2.93±1.65ab 56.18 6.03±2.75ab 45.57
SC-1 152.90±63.31a 41.41 3.51±2.08a 59.29 5.93±3.11ab 52.39
SC124 148.60±64.46a 43.38 3.21±2.01ab 62.62 6.23±3.76ab 60.30
SC205 142.27±63.81a 44.85 2.72±1.81ab 66.51 5.50±3.09ab 56.24
SC9 129.90±65.12a 50.13 2.13±1.77b 82.91 4.83±3.08b 63.66
SG-9 154.33±61.65a 39.95 2.42±1.58ab 65.41 5.67±2.50ab 44.02
平均Average 42.22 65.98 54.83
品种（系）
Variety (line)		 株高Plant height (cm) 主茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 第1分枝高First branch height (cm)
M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%)
277 31.13±10.23b 32.87 37.53±8.09a 21.57 1.89±0.90ab 47.57
43-3 29.43±6.96b 23.65 36.56±9.68a 26.47 1.72±0.97b 56.57
58-7 34.43±12.29ab 35.70 37.19±9.76a 26.25 2.22±1.87ab 84.19
GMT 38.87±14.52a 37.37 35.27±14.63a 41.49 2.67±1.96a 73.56
GR891 29.30±9.00b 30.72 37.46±9.40a 25.10 1.71±1.17b 68.42
SC-1 31.10±9.39b 30.18 38.13±9.83a 25.77 1.89±1.43ab 75.87
SC124 33.90±14.58ab 43.01 38.23±9.82a 25.69 2.17±2.00ab 92.17
SC205 31.20±6.76b 21.66 36.31±9.86a 27.16 1.90±1.16ab 61.21
SC9 34.30±12.25ab 35.71 35.72±9.77a 27.34 2.20±1.85ab 83.76
SG-9 34.23±10.48ab 30.63 35.25±7.82a 22.18 2.21±1.09ab 49.55
平均Average 32.15 26.90 69.29

Table 3

Correlation analysis of cassava agronomic traits"

性状
Trait		 株高
Plant
height		 主茎粗
Stem
diameter		 第1分枝高
First branch
height		 落叶高度
Deciduous
height		 地上鲜重
Aboveground
fresh weight		 鲜薯个数
Number of
fresh cassava		 块根长
Roots
length		 块根粗
Roots
thick		 单株产量
Yield per
plant
株高Plant height 1.000
主茎粗Stem diameter 0.852** 1.000
第1分枝高
First branch height		 0.901** 0.806** 1.000
落叶高度Deciduous height 0.909** 0.884** 0.930** 1.000
地上鲜重
Aboveground fresh weight		 0.736** 0.773** 0.724** 0.782** 1.000
鲜薯个数
Number of fresh cassava		 0.818** 0.874** 0.818** 0.866** 0.769** 1.000
块根长Root length 0.422** 0.432** 0.470** 0.449** 0.454** 0.521** 1.000
块根粗Root thick 0.856** 0.866** 0.815** 0.821** 0.695** 0.798** 0.449** 1.000
单株产量Yield per plant 0.691** 0.739** 0.704** 0.753** 0.669** 0.897** 0.891** 0.884** 1.000

Fig.1

PCA analysis of agronomic traits of different cassava varieties (lines)"

Table 4

Score and ranking of principal component factors of ten cassava varieties (lines)"

品种
（系）
Variety
(line)		 主成分因子得分
Principal component
factor score		 综合得分
Composite
scores		 排名
Ranking
Y1 Y2 Y
SG-9 13.492 0.097 11.800 1
GMT 8.573 0.577 7.563 2
SC-1 6.240 -0.306 5.414 3
SC124 2.389 -0.005 2.087 4
277 0.984 -0.158 0.840 5
GR891 0.593 -0.450 0.461 6
58-7 -2.521 0.160 -2.182 7
SC205 -7.876 -0.068 -6.890 8
43-3 -8.056 -0.246 -7.070 9
SC9 -13.818 0.396 -12.023 10

Fig.2

Cluster analysis diagram of agronomic traits of cassava varieties (lines)"

Table 5

Agronomic traits of cassava in three groups"

性状
Trait		 类群ⅠGroupⅠ 类群ⅡGroupⅡ 类群ⅢGroup Ⅲ
M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%) M±SD CV (%)
株高Plant height (cm) 220.00±55.75ab 25.34 227.63±58.29a 25.61 201.93±61.99b 30.70
主茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 25.75±8.90a 34.57 23.75±9.73a 40.96 24.12±9.46a 39.24
第1分枝高First branch height (cm) 99.72±35.89ab 35.99 112.50±38.29a 34.03 86.80±37.89b 43.65
落叶高度Deciduous height (cm) 146.17±60.25ab 41.22 154.60±62.00a 40.10 129.90±65.12b 50.13
地上鲜重Aboveground fresh weight (kg) 2.94±1.91a 64.80 2.63±1.83ab 69.62 2.13±1.77b 82.91
鲜薯个数Number of fresh cassava 5.83±3.15ab 54.08 6.23±3.57a 57.34 4.83±3.08b 63.66
块根长Root length (cm) 31.50±10.24b 32.52 36.55±12.77a 34.95 34.30±12.25ab 35.71
块根粗Root thick (mm) 37.34±9.40a 25.17 35.26±11.63a 32.99 35.72±9.77a 27.34
单株产量Yield per plant (kg) 1.93±1.41b 72.90 2.44±1.59a 65.25 2.21±1.85ab 83.76
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