Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 57-63.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.009

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Phenotypic Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Soybean Strains in Jianghan Plain of China

Liu Xin(), Yang Fang, Deng Junbo(), Wang Aiai, He Nian, Chen Yan   

  1. Jingmen (China Valley) Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-11-18 Revised:2021-06-21 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Deng Junbo E-mail:xliu0816@126.com;403372610@qq.com

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Abstract:

Germplasm resources are the basis of soybean genetic breeding and theoretical methods are the key to variety selection. In this study, 64 soybean strains were used as materials combined with multivariate analysis methods such as variability analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis to study the ten agronomic traits and yield traits of soybean strains and select suitable Jianghan Plain soybean strains planted in the region, exploring the key factors affecting soybean yield, aiming to provide excellent germplasm and theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of high-quality and high-yield soybean varieties. The results showed that the variation of the ten agronomic traits of soybean strains ranged from 4.19% to 46.95%, the variation coefficient of effective branches number was the largest, and the variation coefficient of protein content was the smallest. The factor analysis showed that the ten agronomic traits were transformed into four common factors which were named component factor, plant height factor, grain weight factor, and quality factor and the accumulative contribution rate was 80.067%. The results of correlation analysis between phenotypic traits and comprehensive scores showed that seven agronomic traits, including growth period, plant height, main stem nodes number, pods number per plant, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant and protein content could be used as comprehensive soybean strain evaluation indexes. The total of 64 soybean strains were divided into three clusters by cluster analysis. Cluster Ⅰ had 31 soybean strains, cluster Ⅱ had 24 soybean strains, and cluster Ⅲ had nine soybean strains. Among them, the soybean strains in cluster Ⅲ showed better comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in Jianghan Plain.

Key words: Soybean strains, Jianghan Plain, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, Comprehensive evaluation

Table 1

Statistical analysis of main agronomic traits"

性状
Trait		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
Standard deviation		 变异幅度
Variation range		 变异系数
Variation coefficient (%)
生育期Growth period (d) 78.00 109.00 93.09 7.01 31.00 7.53
株高Plant height (cm) 41.10 156.20 73.92 20.72 115.10 28.03
主茎节数Main stem nodes number 8.50 22.10 13.58 2.60 13.60 19.18
有效分枝数Effective branches number 0.20 4.20 1.86 0.87 4.00 46.95
单株荚数Pod number per plant 21.30 65.60 38.64 9.57 44.30 24.75
单株粒数Seed number per plant 47.50 147.70 84.14 20.69 100.20 24.59
百粒重100-seed weight (g) 15.03 28.83 21.04 2.84 15.82 13.49
单株粒重Seed weight per plant (g) 10.08 25.90 16.56 3.71 13.80 22.38
蛋白质含量Protein content (%) 38.20 48.20 43.27 1.81 10.00 4.19
脂肪含量Fat content (%) 17.10 25.30 21.64 1.57 8.20 7.25

Table 2

Correlative coefficients of agronomic and yield traits"

性状Trait X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 Y
X1 1
X2 0.362** 1
X3 0.684** 0.750** 1
X4 -0.303* 0.027 -0.223 1
X5 0.333** 0.405** 0.416** 0.229 1
X6 0.126 0.417** 0.343** 0.177 0.888** 1
X7 -0.215 -0.187 -0.431** 0.041 -0.420** -0.379** 1
X8 -0.074 0.234 0.008 0.289* 0.640** 0.761** 0.206 1
X9 0.338** 0.152 0.256* 0.048 0.475** 0.388** -0.359** 0.207 1
X10 0.067 -0.053 0.124 -0.240 -0.050 -0.029 -0.009 0.015 -0.375** 1
Y -0.274* 0.140 -0.053 0.153 0.375** 0.534** 0.059 0.672** 0.218 0.060 1

Table 3

The eigenvalue, contribution rate and accumulative contribution rate of the primary factors"

主因子
Primary
factor		 提取载荷平方和Sum of square load 旋转平方载荷总和Sum of rotation square load
特征值
Eigenvalue		 贡献率
Contribution
rate (%)		 累计贡献率
Accumulative
contribution rate (%)		 特征值
Eigenvalue		 贡献率
Contribution
rate (%)		 累计贡献率
Accumulative
contribution rate (%)
F1 3.624 36.238 36.238 2.659 26.593 26.593
F2 2.076 20.760 56.998 2.378 23.777 50.370
F3 1.332 13.319 70.317 1.602 16.016 66.386
F4 0.975 9.750 80.067 1.368 13.680 80.067

Table 4

The rotation of the sub-load matrix"

指标Index F1 F2 F3 F4
生育期Growth period -0.087 0.782 0.254 -0.018
株高Plant height 0.328 0.808 -0.115 0.095
主茎节数Main stem nodes number 0.106 0.906 0.249 -0.103
有效分枝数Effective branches number 0.442 -0.316 -0.158 0.429
单株荚数Pod number per plant 0.804 0.289 0.414 0.078
单株粒数Seed number per plant 0.886 0.196 0.331 0.005
百粒重100-seed weight -0.054 -0.160 -0.893 0.047
单株粒重Seed weight per plant 0.924 -0.007 -0.192 0.019
蛋白质含量Protein content 0.221 0.211 0.567 0.537
脂肪含量Fat content 0.051 0.020 -0.012 -0.931

Table 5

The ranking of comprehensive principal component value of agronomic traits"

大豆品系Soybean strain 编号Code F1 F2 F3 F4 综合得分Overall score 排名Ranking
南农G175 45 2.010 -0.027 2.224 -0.201 1.070 1
NJ1908 59 0.384 2.334 0.812 0.223 1.021 2
油春X18-46 20 0.803 -0.172 1.097 3.277 0.995 3
南农1803 61 0.340 4.115 -2.358 0.733 0.988 4
南农W1901 53 1.388 1.748 1.093 -1.327 0.972 5
南农1806 49 0.304 1.440 1.321 -0.496 0.708 6
淮品17-04 39 0.712 -0.003 1.031 1.002 0.613 7
南农1901 55 0.228 0.984 0.919 0.273 0.598 8
油春18-33 5 2.472 0.375 -1.626 -0.072 0.595 9
南农1902 50 1.075 0.467 1.386 -1.272 0.556 10
淮品17-23 42 -0.450 1.168 0.196 1.502 0.493 11
淮品17-03 38 -0.327 0.792 1.281 0.240 0.424 12
南农1804 48 -0.171 1.164 0.500 -0.006 0.388 13
油春13-7 1 1.585 -0.216 0.035 -0.578 0.370 14
南农1909 52 1.391 0.331 -0.607 -0.424 0.367 15
南农17202 36 -0.408 0.301 1.381 0.703 0.350 16
南农57 62 -0.340 1.205 0.262 0.243 0.339 17
油春18-779 16 0.509 -0.170 -0.812 2.007 0.299 18
南农17005 31 -0.730 0.316 1.002 1.402 0.291 19
油春18-741 15 1.640 -0.650 -1.001 0.745 0.279 20
淮品17-32 43 0.372 -0.432 0.784 0.602 0.255 21
油春18-717 14 1.790 -1.140 -0.257 0.256 0.248 22
油春18-712 13 0.952 -0.806 -1.032 2.141 0.236 23
南农17119 34 -0.428 -0.522 1.328 1.284 0.188 24
淮品17-07 40 -0.193 0.770 -0.261 0.395 0.180 25
油春X18-20 17 0.752 -0.627 0.864 -0.347 0.177 26
油春X18-26 18 0.035 -0.455 0.166 1.473 0.162 27
南农17399 37 -0.411 1.079 -0.021 -0.190 0.147 28
油春18-52 12 0.297 -1.001 0.637 1.252 0.143 29
油春18-7 2 1.513 -0.915 -0.106 -0.528 0.119 30
南农1801 47 1.062 -0.306 0.544 -1.535 0.109 31
南农1903 51 0.270 0.435 0.155 -1.003 0.078 32
南农G7-1 44 0.977 -0.509 0.283 -1.209 0.023 33
油春X18-29 19 -0.074 0.449 -0.426 -0.066 0.012 34
淮品17-10 41 -0.620 0.208 -0.193 0.960 -0.018 35
油春18-36 6 0.877 -0.898 -0.189 -0.031 -0.019 36
油春18-49 10 0.335 0.861 -2.567 0.271 -0.100 37
南农17087 33 -0.071 -0.712 0.751 -0.449 -0.161 38
HJ1915 58 -1.192 0.913 -0.310 0.030 -0.182 39
南农1805 57 -0.526 0.093 0.911 -1.369 -0.198 40
南农17045 32 -0.083 -0.740 0.577 -0.547 -0.226 41
油春18-40 7 -0.526 -0.580 -0.114 0.712 -0.248 42
DP19301 64 -0.498 0.299 -0.345 -0.692 -0.264 43
南农17201 35 -0.905 0.145 0.109 -0.588 -0.336 44
油春18-29 4 0.379 -0.791 -1.201 -0.057 -0.359 45
南农1904 54 -0.557 0.027 -0.038 -1.196 -0.389 46
南农G178 46 0.488 -0.686 0.031 -2.092 -0.393 47
DP19085 63 -1.424 1.116 -0.467 -1.089 -0.421 48
大豆品系Soybean strain 编号Code F1 F2 F3 F4 综合得分Overall rating 排名Ranking
油春X18-5 25 -1.835 -0.307 0.762 0.612 -0.444 49
油春15-1 11 0.951 -0.698 -2.495 -0.340 -0.448 50
南农1906 56 -0.978 0.656 -0.206 -2.099 -0.530 51
油春18-43 8 -0.662 -1.151 -0.161 0.114 -0.574 52
油春18-15 22 -0.904 -0.955 -0.129 0.168 -0.581 53
油春18-34 26 -1.421 0.360 -1.844 0.620 -0.628 54
油春19-13 21 -1.098 -1.287 0.743 -0.203 -0.633 55
油春18-3 29 -0.862 -0.589 -0.297 -0.665 -0.634 56
油春17-30 27 -1.378 -0.213 0.340 -1.150 -0.649 57
油春19-1 30 -1.206 -1.434 0.540 0.377 -0.654 58
南农1802 60 -1.614 0.209 -0.380 -0.672 -0.665 59
油春19-8 23 -1.003 -1.400 0.222 0.056 -0.695 60
油春19-2 24 -1.602 -0.692 -0.417 0.320 -0.767 61
油春19-4 28 -1.653 -0.147 -1.194 0.192 -0.799 62
油春18-9 3 0.384 -1.670 -1.226 -1.156 -0.811 63
油春18-45 9 -0.127 -1.459 -2.002 -0.533 -0.967 64

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between agronomic traits and comprehensive scores"

性状Trait 综合得分
Comprehensive score
生育期Growth period 0.486**
株高Plant height 0.661**
主茎节数Main stem nodes number 0.650**
有效分枝数Effective branches number 0.183
单株荚数Pod number per plant 0.868**
单株粒数Seed number per plant 0.811**
百粒重100-seed weight -0.456**
单株粒重Seed weight per plant 0.521**
蛋白质含量Protein content 0.659**
脂肪含量Fat content -0.268*

Fig.1

Clustering chart of agronomic and yield traits of soybean strains"

Fig.2

Box-plots for six traits in three clusters of soybean strains"

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