Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 64-71.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.010

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Genetic Analysis of Taishan/Taikemai Serial Wheat Based on SNP Molecular Markers

Qi Xiaolei1(), Li Xingfeng2(), Lü Guangde1, Wang Ruixia1, Wang Jun3, Sun Xianyin1, Sun Yingying1, Chen Yongjun1, Qian Zhaoguo1(), Wu Ke1   

  1. 1Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
    2Tai’an Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    3Tai’an Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-10-27 Revised:2021-06-17 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Qian Zhaoguo E-mail:qixiaoleielica226@163.com;lixf@sdau.edu.cn;qianzhaoguo@163.com

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Abstract:

To clarify the genetic relationship and genetic differences of the new wheat cultivars (lines) bred in recent years, the whole-genome of 21 new wheat cultivars (lines) were scanned, the genetic distance and chromosome sections/loci were analyzed to clarify their genetic relationship and genetic difference characteristics. The genetic analysis of 21 new wheat cultivars (lines) was conducted by 2029 SNP loci. In the three genomes, B genome had lightly higher diversity, followed by A and D genomes; among the seven homologous groups, the 3rd and 6th groups showed high genetic diversity; among the 21 chromosomes, the genetic diversity of 3A, 1B, and 6B were high, while 1A and 6A were low. The average genetic distance of wheat cultivars (lines) was analyzed according to the year of their approval (breeding). The average genetic distance of the cultivars (lines) first increased and the decreased, the genetic diversities were gradually decreased. The genetic similarity coefficients of 21 wheat cultivars (lines) ranged from 0.69 to 0.99 and these 21 wheat cultivars (lines) could be grouped into four groups. The wheat cultivars (lines) which were grouped in the same group were from the same year and consistent with its pedigree relationship. Twenty-one wheat chromosome genotypic maps were constructed and analyzed. It was found that the common SNP and chromosome segments of cultivars (lines) bred in 00s, 10s, and present were mainly distributed in A, D and B genomes, respectively. Moreover, their traits were consistent with the published traits in different breeding years. At the same time, this study also found that the 21 cultivars(lines) had 25 SNP loci which distributed on chromosomes 1A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 3B, 6B, 1D, 2D, 3D, and 7D and the number of SNP loci distributed on each chromosome were also different. The selection of grain yield, plant height, tiller number, heading stage, grouting rate, and disease resistance were emphasized in the process of wheat hybrid combinations and breeding. The above results could provide a breeding reference for new wheat cultivars in the future.

Key words: Wheat, SNP marker, Cluster analysis, Genotypic map, Chromosome sections/loci

Table 1

Wheat materials, combinations and released time"

编号
Number		 品种（系）
Variety (line)		 组合
Combination		 审（认）
定年份
Released year		 年代
Age
1 鲁麦18 86026/8-038//沛县304-1 1993 90s
2 泰山21 26744/泰山10号//
鲁麦7号/3/鲁麦18		 2002/2003 00s
3 泰山22 鲁麦18/鲁麦14 2004 00s
4 泰山23 881414/876161 2004 00s
5 泰山24 904017/郑州8329 2005 00s
6 泰山9818 21-11/935021 2006 00s
7 泰山27 泰山651/藏选1号 2012 10s
8 泰山28 3262/皖麦38 2013 10s
9 泰科麦30 淮阴9908/漯麦9424 2019 10s
10 泰科麦31 泰山26/淮麦20 2018 10s
11 泰科麦32 洛旱3号/莱州3279 2018 10s
12 泰科麦33 郑麦366/淮阴9908 2018 10s
13 泰科紫麦1号 良星66/山农紫麦 2019 10s
14 泰科麦38 山农17/良星99 – Present
15 泰科麦308 邢麦6号/淮0458 – Present
16 泰科麦34 泰山28/济麦22 2020 Present
17 泰科麦6007 泰山21/济麦22 – Present
18 泰科麦36 泰农18/齐丰2号 2021 Present
19 TKM6215 良星99/邯94-5378 – Present
20 TKM0564 烟农999/良星66 – Present
21 TKM7105 泰山26/淮麦0208 – Present

Table 2

Genetic diversity comparison of three genomes"

项目Item A基因组
A genome		 B基因组
B genome		 D基因组
D genome		 合计
Total		 均值
Mean
检测位点数Number of the detected locus 730 820 479 2029 –
等位变异总数（∑Aij）Total allelic variations 1510 1753 1022 4285 –
平均等位变异丰富度（∑Aij/Loci）Mean allele richness 2.07±0.0006 2.14±0.0005 2.13±0.0011 – 2.11±0.0010
平均遗传多样性指数（Ht）Mean genetic diversity index 0.24±0.0002 0.24±0.0002 0.21±0.0003 – 0.23±0.0002

Fig.1

Genetic diversity of seven homologous groups of the varieties (lines)"

Fig.2

Genetic diversity of 21 chromosomes of varieties (lines)"

Fig.3

Average genetic distance of wheat varieties (lines) in different ages"

Fig.4

UPGMA dendrogram of wheat cultivars"

Table 3

The number of SNP, genome (A, B and D) distribution and homologous groups (H1-H7) distribution in different breeding year"

名称
Name		 年代Age
00s 10s Present
SNP 203 122 251
A 74 34 87
B 72 33 88
D 57 55 76
H1 19 14 28
H2 27 31 46
H3 32 10 42
H4 37 9 38
H5 29 15 30
H6 24 30 34
H7 35 13 33

Fig.5

Genotypic maps of 21 wheat varieties (lines) The arrows mark the SNP loci owned by all of 21 wheat varieties (lines)"

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