Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 233-240.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.032

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Effects of Drip Irrigation Amount on Root Growth and Yield of Xinnongdou 2 under the Condition of the Postpone of Water and Nitrogen

Liang Hui1(), Zhang Jianxin1(), Xue Lihua2, Jia Keke3   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    3Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-05-29 Revised:2024-08-07 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

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Abstract:

To clarify the influence law of drip irrigation amount on the root growth and yield of spring soybean, five irrigation treatments of 1000 (W1), 1400 (W2), 1800 (W3), 2200 (W4) and 2600 m3/ha (W5) were set in 2022 and 2023. The effects of drip irrigation amount on root dry weight, root length, root exudation rate, and yield of Xinnongdou 2 in the soil layer of 0-80 cm was investigated. The result indicated that increasing the drip irrigation amount significantly increased the total root dry weight and the total lateral root length in the 0-80 cm soil layer, which was mainly the result of the increase in root dry weight and lateral root length in the 0-40 cm soil layer. It also significantly increased the root exudation rate. Consequently, soybean grain yield and water use efficiency were ultimately increased. The total root dry weight, lateral root length, exudation rate, and yield were higher in the W4 and W5 treatments, with values of 65.40-87.30 g/m2, 2740.78-3089.39 m/m2, 1.57-1.63 [g/(plant·12 h)], and 5894.86-6422.53 kg/ha, respectively. The water use efficiency was approximately 1.30 kg/m3. At the R6 stage, the W4 treatment demonstrated the highest total root dry weight, total lateral root length, and root exudation rate, which increased by 43.76%, 71.72%, and 65.21%, respectively, compared to the W1 treatment. The yields of W4 and W5 treatments increased by 43.29% and 48.53% relative to W1, but no significant difference was observed between W4 and W5 treatments. However, the water use efficiency of W5 decreased by 4.54%-5.15% compared to W4, indicating a pronounced diminishing return effect of irrigation under the W5 treatment. The optimal drip irrigation amount for spring soybean under the experimental conditions ranged from 2200-2600 m3/ha. The corresponding yield was estimated to be between 5894.86-6422.53 kg/ha, with the water use efficiency of approximately 1.30 kg/m3.

Key words: Spring soybean, Drip irrigation amount, Root growth, Water use efficiency, Yield

Table 1

Irrigation period and drip irrigation amount of each treatment m3/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 滴灌次数Drip irrigation frequency 总滴灌量
Total drip
irrigation amount
1 2 3 4
W1 300 300 250 150 1000
W2 300 400 500 200 1400
W3 400 500 650 250 1800
W4 500 600 700 400 2200
W5 600 650 800 550 2600

Table 2

Rainfall during soybean growth in 2022-2023 mm"

年份
Year		 月份Month 总和
Total
4 5 6 7 8
2022 35.92 43.40 37.51 39.60 21.63 178.06
2023 37.20 13.81 17.92 15.51 23.03 107.47

Fig.1

Influence of drip irrigation amount on total root dry weight Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.2

Influence of drip irrigation amount on dry weight density of root"

Fig.3

Influence of drip irrigation amount on total lateral root length"

Fig.4

Influence of drip irrigation amount on lateral root length density"

Fig.5

Influence of drip irrigation amount on root exudation flux"

Table 3

The impact of drip irrigation amount on yield and its components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 收获株数
Number of harvested
plants (×104/hm2)		 单株荚数
Number of pods
per plant		 单株粒数
Number of grains
per plant		 百粒重
100-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
2022 W1 26.11a 41.46c 85.53c 18.55b 4070.26d
W2 25.87a 42.10c 94.07c 18.57b 4350.97c
W3 26.76a 47.13b 108.00b 18.73b 5596.61b
W4 26.51a 51.43a 112.96a 19.67a 5894.86ab
W5 26.52a 52.73a 121.96a 19.86a 6115.92a
2023 W1 25.55a 52.23b 95.51b 18.39c 4374.84d
W2 25.31a 56.53b 103.67b 18.93bc 4767.42c
W3 25.65a 63.13a 110.37a 19.49b 5689.02b
W4 25.34a 65.96a 112.31a 22.44a 6202.14a
W5 25.66a 65.53a 110.15a 22.75a 6422.53a

Table 4

The impact of drip irrigation amount on the water use efficiency of spring soybean"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 降水量
Precipitation
(m3/hm2)		 滴灌量
Drip irrigation
amount (m3/hm2)		 贮水消耗量
Water storage consumption
(m3/hm2)		 总耗水量
Total water consumption
(m3/hm2)		 WUE
(kg/m3)
2022 W1 1780.60 1000 1045.99a 3826.59d 1.06c
W2 1780.60 1400 791.10b 3971.78d 1.09c
W3 1780.60 1800 626.05c 4206.73c 1.33a
W4 1780.60 2200 476.97d 4457.65b 1.32a
W5 1780.60 2600 474.60d 4855.28a 1.26b
2023 W1 1074.70 1000 1574.59a 3649.34e 1.19b
W2 1074.70 1400 1458.14b 3932.89d 1.21b
W3 1074.70 1800 1393.31b 4268.06c 1.33a
W4 1074.70 2200 1283.92c 4558.67b 1.36a
W5 1074.70 2600 1270.45c 4945.15a 1.29a
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