纳米材料使用方法及缓解作物非生物胁迫的研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

With the changes in the global climate and agricultural production environment, abiotic disasters have occurred frequently in recent years, which have severely restricted the growth and development of crops and caused food production security issues. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can help to improve the polluted growing environment, enhance the stress resistance of crops, and promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. The article reviewed the different ways of crop uptake nanomaterials in detail and analyzed the mechanism of nanomaterials in alleviating abiotic stresses such as temperature, moisture, salinity and heavy metals, which provided a reference for the application of nanomaterials in alleviating abiotic stresses in crops.

Key words: Nanomaterials, Crops, Abiotic stress, Physiological mechanisms

Bu Qing, Yang Kaiqiang, Wang Tian, Shi Si, Xin Guochen, Chen Yong, Dong Zhaoxia, An Jing. Research Progress on the Use of Nanomaterials and the Alleviation of Abiotic Stresses in Crops[J].Crops, 2025, 41(4): 9-18.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig.1

Table 1

The action modes of NPs in enhancing crop resistance under abiotic stresses"

非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	纳米颗粒 NPs	浓度、大小 Concentration, size	使用方式 Usage	作物 Crop	作用 Impact	参考文献 Reference
高温 High temperature	AgNPs	10 mg/L，11.2 nm	土壤根系吸收	小麦	增加根冠比、植株鲜重、植株干重、叶面积，促进ROS水平下降	[50]
	MWCNT	100 μg/mL，10~20 nm	叶面喷施	芝麻	降低丙二醛（MDA）和H₂O₂浓度，提高POD活性，增强不饱和脂肪酸比例	[51]
	TiO₂-NPs	100 μg/mL，10~20 nm	叶面喷施	芝麻	降低丙二醛（MDA）和H₂O₂浓度，提高POD活性，增强不饱和脂肪酸比例	[51]
	SeNPs	10 mg/L，5~70 nm	叶面喷施	小麦	提高CAT、SOD、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性，改善光合速率、气体交换和蒸腾速率，调节PIP1、LEA-1、HSP70基因表达，增强耐热性	[52]
低温 Low temperature	CTS-GB-NPs	5、10 g/L，150 nm	果实涂抹	李子	减少储存过程中的重量损失和组织软化，提高抗氧化酶活性	[53]
	TiO₂-NPs	5 mg/L，7~40 nm	种子引发	鹰嘴豆	增加叶绿素结合蛋白的编码基因表达量和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶活性，促进光合作用	[54]
盐分Salinity	GO	12.5、25 mg/L，5 nm	种子引发	小麦	提高种子在胁迫下的萌发率	[2]
	CeO₂-NPs	200 mg/L，620.7 nm	水培根系吸收	水稻	调节抗氧化系统酶活性，降低8-OHdG含量（水稻遗传毒性的重要指标）	[27]
	ZnO-NPs	50 mg/L，9.4 nm	叶面喷施	蚕豆	提高脯氨酸和总可溶性糖含量	[55]
	ZnO-NPs	20、50 mg/L	叶面喷施	小麦	促进植株渗透液的形成和养分吸收	[56]
	CeO₂-NPs	0.9 mmol/L，8.04 nm	叶面注射	棉花	调控KOR、SOS等离子转运基因表达，增加K⁺/Na⁺比例，促使Na⁺最小化吸收	[57]
	CeO₂-NPs	500 mg/kg，52.6 nm	土壤根系吸收	油菜	缩短植株根外质体的屏障，促进更多Na⁺从根部转移到茎部	[38]
	FeSO₄-NPs	2 g/L，90 nm	叶面喷施	向日葵	提高CAT、POD和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性，减少胁迫下羟自由基的产生	[58]
镉胁迫Cd stress	CeO₂-NPs	200 mg/L，620.7 nm	水培根系吸收	水稻	增加幼苗叶绿素含量，降低脯氨酸含量	[27]
	ZnO-NPs	100 mg/L，20~30 nm	叶面喷施	水稻	显著降低植株根茎的Cd浓度，土壤pH从8.03提高到8.23，土壤可吸收Cd显著降低	[48]
	Fe₃O₄-NPs	0.5 g/kg，10~50 nm	土壤根系吸收	水稻	降低植株中Cd积累以及在土壤中的迁移率	[59]
	SiNPs	1 mmol/L，19 nm	土壤根系吸收	水稻	与Cd²⁺结合形成络合物，减少重金属从根到茎的运输，刺激Si吸收基因OsLsi1表达以提供更多Si，增强Cd胁迫抗性	[60]
	Fe₃O₄-NPs	10 mg/L，15~25 nm	种子引发	菜豆	提高K⁺含量，促进多胺的生物合成，降低MDA含量和电解质的泄漏	[61]
	SiNPs	20 mg/L，40~100 nm	种子引发	菜豆	促进多胺生物合成，降低MDA含量和电解质泄漏	[61]
	SiNPs	10、30 mg/L，30 nm	水培根系吸收	苦瓜	降低植株茎和根的Cd²⁺浓度，提高叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度，增加抗氧化酶活性，降低黄酮和可溶性糖的含量，以增强耐Cd抗性	[62]
砷胁迫As stress	SeNPs	30 mmol/L，20 nm	土壤根系吸收	水稻	与As结合形成络合物，减少重金属从根到茎的运输	[63]
铬胁迫Cr stress	CuNPs	50 mg/kg，19~47.5 nm	土壤根系吸收	小麦	增加植株根长和茎长，增加了细胞抗氧化物的水平	[64]
干旱Drought	AgNPs	10 mg/L，11.2 nm	种子引发	水稻	增强水分吸收，重启ROS系统，促进陈化种子的萌发	[13]
	CaO-NPs	75 mg/L，160 nm	种子引发	油菜	降低MDA含量，改善抗氧化酶水平，增加幼苗鲜重、叶片数、叶绿素含量和产量构成因素	[14]
	SeNPs	20 mg/L，10 nm	叶面喷施	石榴	提高抗氧化酶活性，降低H₂O₂和MDA的水平，增强光合色素的生物合成速率	[65]
	ZnO-NPs	100 mg/L，20 nm	种子引发	玉米	提高净光合速率、水分利用效率、可溶性糖含量以及碳代谢关键酶活性，增强叶片蔗糖和淀粉合成以及糖酵解代谢	[66]
	GO	100 μg/mL	土壤根系吸收	大豆	增加作物防御酶、激素含量以及GmP5CS、GmGOLS、GmDREB1和GmNCED1等干旱基因的表达，提高抗旱性	[67]
淹水 Flooding	AgNPs	5 mg/L，15 nm	水培根系吸收	大豆	增加大豆钙连结蛋白、钙网蛋白和糖蛋白的积累，提高蛋白质的降解相关蛋白丰度，调控错误折叠蛋白或严重受损蛋白质	[68]

Table 1

Fig.2

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