Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 51-60.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.008

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Genetic Analysis of Fruit Hull Rate and Related Traits on Tartary Buckwheat

Yasong Cui,Yan Wang,Lijuan Yang,Chaoxin Wu,Piao Zhou,Pan Ran,Qingfu Chen   

  1. Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2018-11-03 Revised:2018-12-20 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-12
  • Contact: Qingfu Chen

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Abstract:

The thin-shell black rice lines BRT2016-1 and BRT2016-2 as the female parents were crossed with the thick-shell wild Tartary buckwheat accession WT2016-1 and common Tartary buckwheat line T2016-1 as the male parents, and five progenies populations including three crosses were produced for this study. The broad-sense heritability, narrow-sense heritability, correlation and path analysis were for six target characters of F2 and F3 populations, including shell percentage, grain length, grain width, grain weight, kernel weight and length/width. Broad-sense heritability of shell rate was 0.71, the range of broad-sense heritability was 0.42-0.91, indicating significant genetic effects. The average narrow-sense heritability was 0.18, and the variation combinations was 0.07-0.27. The difference between broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability was very significant, suggesting great non-additive genetic effects. Broad-sense heritability of 5 target characters (grain length, grain width, grain weight, kernel weight, length/width) related to fruit hull percentage were 0.84, 0.89, 0.90, 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Narrow-sense heritabilities were 0.32, 0.30, 0.25, 0.21 and 0.28, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant average positive correlation between shell rate and grain length, grain width and grain weight, the average correlation coefficients of F2 plants and F3 families were 0.077, 0.145, 0.099 and 0.177, 0.253, and 0.428, respectively. There was a negative correlation between shell rate and kernel weight in combination A and combination C, the bigger the kernel weight, the smaller the shell rate. Path analysis showed that grain weight and kernel weight had the greatest direct effect on shell percentage, the former had a positive effect and the latter had a negative effect. The average direct effects of the five hermaphroditic combinations were 4.072 and -4.087, and the average indirect effects were 5.574 and -5.57, the average direct effects of F3 families were 1.284 and -1.251, and the average indirect effects were 2.526 and -2.524, respectively. The indirect effects were greater than the direct effects, indicating that the influence factors of fruit shell percentage were caused by the effects of the target traits. Therefore, the effects of traits such as grain weight and kernel weight should be considered in the selection of low shell percentage, and the selection of grain length, grain width and length/width should be considered.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, The rate of fruit shell, Broad-sense heritability, Narrow-sense heritability, Direct effect, Indirect effect

Table 1

Basic information for test materials"

编号Number 亲本品种Parental variety 重要特征Important feature 产地Place of production
BRT2016-1 黑米荞 薄壳无腹沟、黑色、裂果、小粒、易脱壳、中秆、早熟 贵州
BRT2016-2
 迟开裂型黑米荞
 薄壳无腹沟、黑色、裂果、花药迟裂、小粒、易脱壳、中秆、分枝少、茎直立、结实好、晚熟 贵州
T2016-1 长黑粒苦荞 厚壳有腹沟、深黑色、长粒、大粒、难脱壳、中秆、早熟 贵州
WT2016-1 不落粒野苦荞 厚壳有腹沟、大粒、不落粒、难脱壳、中秆、低位分枝细长、早熟 西藏

Fig.1

Parent seeds of buckweat cross combinations Black rice buckwheat (A, B, female parents), Late cracking black rice buckwheat (C, D, female parents), Non-falling wild tartary buckwheat (E, male parent), Long black tartary buckwheat (F, male parent)"

Table 2

Basic information of combinations"

组合编号
Combination number		 类别
Category		 组合
Combination
A1 A 黑米荞/不落粒野苦荞
A2 黑米荞/不落粒野苦荞
B1 B 迟开裂型黑米荞/不落粒野苦荞
B2 迟开裂型黑米荞/不落粒野苦荞
C C 迟开裂型黑米荞/长黑粒苦荞

Table 3

Variance analysis of related traits in parents"

亲本
Parent		 性状
Trait		 均值
Mean value		 极小值
Min		 极大值
Max		 方差
Variance		 变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation		 峰度
Kurtosis		 偏度
Skewness
黑米荞Black rice buckwheat 粒长(cm) 6.59 5.90 7.20 0.100 4.83 0.06 -0.15
粒宽(cm) 5.12 4.80 5.90 0.090 5.72 0.79 0.86
粒重(g) 0.15 0.08 0.24 0.000 25.30 0.78 0.63
果仁重(g) 0.12 0.06 0.18 0.000 28.16 -0.57 0.43
果壳率(%) 25.00 14.00 40.00 0.010 29.52 -0.36 0.59
长/宽 1.29 1.11 1.44 0.010 6.08 0.25 -0.17
迟开裂型黑米荞 粒长(cm) 7.05 6.40 7.60 0.130 5.11 -0.77 -0.36
Late cracking black rice buckwheat 粒宽(cm) 5.36 5.00 5.80 0.058 4.50 -0.55 0.48
粒重(g) 0.42 0.12 0.80 0.086 69.03 -1.97 0.25
果仁重(g) 0.34 0.07 0.65 0.058 70.08 -1.93 0.25
果壳率(%) 20.00 7.00 46.00 0.007 41.27 3.96 1.30
长/宽 1.32 1.14 1.44 0.009 7.38 -0.82 -0.56
不落粒野苦荞 粒长(cm) 8.64 8.30 8.90 0.047 2.51 -1.34 -0.32
Non-falling wild tartary buckwheat 粒宽(cm) 6.69 6.20 7.30 0.090 4.48 1.29 0.65
粒重(g) 1.62 1.40 1.95 0.033 11.31 -0.27 0.61
果仁重(g) 1.02 0.90 1.30 0.017 12.94 1.19 1.29
果壳率(%) 37.00 33.00 42.00 0.001 7.48 -0.83 0.44
长/宽 1.29 1.15 1.37 0.004 4.96 1.87 -1.16
长黑粒苦荞 粒长(cm) 9.98 9.90 10.00 0.003 0.54 5.13 -2.25
Long black tartary buckwheat
 粒宽(cm) 4.95 4.84 5.00 0.006 1.51 -1.83 -0.98
粒重(g) 0.31 0.30 0.32 0.000 1.57 -30.00 -0.86
果仁重(g) 0.28 0.26 1.28 0.000 3.64 1.43 -1.54
果壳率(%) 12.00 9.00 13.00 0.000 15.49 4.83 -2.10
长/宽 2.02 2.00 2.06 0.001 1.35 -1.27 1.07

Table 4

Variation of shell rate related traits in F2 and F3 populations"

组合
Group		 性状
Trait		 株数
Number of plants		 中亲值
Mid-
parent		 F2 F3 F2与F3 t值
t value of F2and F3
均值
Mean value		 变异范围
Range of variation		 方差
Variance		 均值
Mean value		 变异范围
Range of variation		 方差
Variance
A 粒长(cm) 408 7.31 7.44 3.80~9.00 0.301 7.86 4.50~9.40 0.263 -12.31**
粒宽(cm) 408 5.76 6.18 4.80~7.00 0.166 6.48 3.61~7.80 0.212 -10.17**
粒重(g) 408 0.10 0.30 0.10~0.43 0.004 0.38 0.23~0.52 0.003 -18.84**
果仁重(g) 408 0.08 0.22 0.02~0.33 0.002 0.29 0.19~0.37 0.001 -22.13**
果壳率(%) 408 25.30 25.30 4.00~44.83 0.004 28.00 8.90~48.21 0.005 -2.42**
长/宽 408 1.27 1.21 0.61~1.52 0.007 1.22 0.70~2.09 0.009 -1.95
B 粒长(cm) 385 7.59 8.20 5.70~10.80 1.313 7.93 6.36~10.32 0.870 3.55**
粒宽(cm) 385 5.83 6.17 4.20~7.70 0.405 6.04 4.47~13.56 0.289 3.22**
粒重(g) 385 0.26 0.80 0.10~2.45 0.589 0.35 0.22~0.50 0.003 11.44**
果仁重(g) 385 0.21 0.58 0.08~1.85 0.311 0.27 0.18~0.45 0.002 10.86**
果壳率(%) 385 23.00 26.25 4.00~50.00 0.005 22.00 6.85~36.40 0.003 8.93**
长/宽 385 1.31 1.39 1.12~1.89 0.051 1.32 0.66~2.09 0.024 1.61
C 粒长(cm) 174 8.50 7.26 3.60~8.80 0.374 7.40 6.52~8.20 0.105 -2.68**
粒宽(cm) 174 5.12 6.55 3.50~8.50 0.446 6.38 5.10~7.40 0.189 -2.92**
粒重(g) 174 0.53 0.33 0.10~0.49 0.006 0.35 0.20~1.21 0.006 2.08**
果仁重(g) 174 0.45 0.24 0.08~0.36 0.003 0.28 0.16~0.86 0.001 6.81**
果壳率(%) 174 15.42 28.00 6.70~50.00 0.006 20.35 7.14~38.46 0.004 -9.85**
长/宽 174 1.68 1.11 0.94~1.46 0.007 1.16 1.02~1.33 0.004 6.57**
平均 粒长(cm) 967 7.72 7.74 3.60~10.80 0.44 7.88 4.50~10.32 0.230 -3.08**
Mean 粒宽(cm) 967 5.65 6.22 3.50~8.50 0.31 6.30 3.61~13.56 0.250 -2.10**
粒重(g) 967 0.25 0.47 0.10~2.45 0.15 0.37 0.20~1.21 0.003 8.00**
果仁重(g) 967 0.20 0.37 0.02~1.85 0.08 0.28 0.16~0.86 0.001 6.79**
果壳率(%) 967 21.83 26.16 4.00~50.00 0.01 23.92 7.14~48.21 0.004 7.03**
长/宽 967 1.38 1.25 0.61~1.89 0.09 1.26 0.66~2.09 0.009 -0.75

Table 5

Variation coefficient and heritability of fruit shell rate related traits in F2-3 populations"

性状
Trait		 组合
Group		 表型变异系数(%)
Phenotypic variation coefficient		 遗传变异系数(%)
Genetic variation coefficient		 广义遗传力
Broad-sense
heritability		 狭义遗传力
Narrow-sense
heritability
F2 F3 F2 F3
粒长Grain length A平均 7.83 5.95 7.04 5.05 0.81 0.19
B平均 8.94 6.55 8.41 5.69 0.89 0.45
C 8.42 4.37 7.67 2.74 0.83 0.31
ABC平均 8.40 5.87 7.71 4.84 0.84 0.32
粒宽Grain width A平均 7.51 6.92 6.83 6.29 0.83 0.23
B平均 9.22 9.01 8.87 8.61 0.93 0.32
C 10.20 6.82 9.96 6.44 0.95 0.39
ABC平均 8.73 7.74 8.27 7.25 0.89 0.30
粒重Grain weight A平均 27.72 11.51 26.23 8.56 0.90 0.19
B平均 50.45 14.20 49.50 12.66 0.93 0.29
C 23.32 23.12 21.26 20.36 0.83 0.30
ABC平均 35.92 14.91 34.54 12.56 0.90 0.25
果仁重Kernel weight A平均 28.21 10.41 23.08 7.39 0.86 0.17
B平均 50.17 12.28 13.93 14.28 0.93 0.20
C 24.72 13.75 20.21 3.87 0.71 0.34
ABC平均 36.29 11.83 21.35 5.28 0.78 0.21
果壳率Shell rate
 A平均 33.12 24.00 27.50 14.50 0.67 0.16
B平均 27.16 22.50 31.50 19.00 0.91 0.27
C 27.70 30.00 18.00 11.00 0.42 0.07
ABC平均 29.65 24.60 27.20 15.60 0.71 0.18
长/宽Length/Width A平均 4.09 7.86 5.20 6.49 0.60 0.18
B平均 7.76 7.22 6.62 5.98 0.75 0.27
C 7.31 5.45 6.74 4.71 0.85 0.48
ABC平均 6.20 7.13 6.10 6.00 0.71 0.28

Table 6

Phenotypic and genetic correlation efficients between fruit shell rates of F2 populations"

组合Group 性状Trait 粒长Grain length 粒宽Grain width 粒重Grain weight 果仁重Kernel weight 果壳率Shell rate 长/宽Length/Width
A 粒长 -0.529** -0.496** -0.502** -0.049 -0.553**
粒宽 -0.287 -0.858** -0.823** -0.189** -0.410**
粒重 -0.087 -0.046 -0.928** -0.298** -0.312**
果仁重 -0.782 -0.139 -0.079 -0.067 -0.269**
果壳率 -0.207 -0.034 -0.019 -0.410 -0.145
长/宽 -0.443 -0.318 -0.281 -0.250 -0.133
B 粒长 -0.081 -0.134** -0.140** -0.091 -0.431**
粒宽 -0.038 -0.667** -0.661** -0.111* -0.276**
粒重 -0.365 -0.133 -0.987** -0.093 -0.286**
果仁重 -0.573 -0.172 -0.485 -0.011 -0.285**
果壳率 -0.823 -0.118 -0.403 -0.504 -0.010
长/宽 -0.189 -0.055 -0.136 -0.112 -0.063
C 粒长 -0.720** -0.582** -0.498** -0.169* -0.167*
粒宽 -0.861 -0.653** -0.567** -0.155* -0.558**
粒重 -0.407 -0.487 -0.922** -0.085 -0.266**
果仁重 -0.256 -0.291 -0.279 -0.293** -0.246**
果壳率 -0.157 -0.177 -0.063 -0.218 -0.007
长/宽 -0.202 -0.792 -0.386 -0.143 -0.140
平均Mean 粒长 - -0.209** -0.130** -0.128** -0.077* -0.743**
粒宽 - - -0.422** -0.418** -0.145** -0.492**
粒重 - - - -0.987** -0.099** -0.170**
果仁重 - - - - -0.009 -0.170**
果壳率 - - - - - -0.030
长/宽 - - - - - -

Table 7

Phenotypic and genetic correlation efficients between fruit shell rates of F3 populations"

组合Group 性状Trait 粒长Grain length 粒宽Grain width 粒重Grain weight 果仁重Kernel weight 果壳率Shell rate 长/宽Length/Width
A 粒长 -0.546* -0.546* -0.546* -0.546* -0.546*
粒宽 0.388 -0.616** -0.639** -0.108* -0.591**
粒重 -0.074 -0.017 -0.890** -0.230** -0.014
果仁重 -0.120 -0.046 -0.037 -0.156** -0.161**
果壳率 -0.198 -0.516 -0.017 -0.707 -0.075
长/宽 -0.148 -0.265 -0.293 -0.283 -0.300
B 粒长 -0.259** -0.679** -0.684** -0.150** -0.818**
粒宽 0.103 -0.492** -0.449** -0.230** -0.307**
粒重 -0.055 -0.290 -0.924** -0.423** -0.298**
果仁重 -0.151 -0.230 -0.999 -0.051 -0.343**
果壳率 -0.845 -0.045 -0.143 -0.126 -0.042
长/宽 0.747 -0.195 -0.178 -0.126 -0.236
C 粒长 -0.592** -0.527** -0.598** -0.308** -0.053
粒宽 0.510 -0.388** -0.520** -0.193* -0.771**
粒重 0.710 -0.328 -0.636** -0.605** -0.075
果仁重 0.287 -0.156 -0.111 -0.072 -0.185*
果壳率 0.562 -0.656 -0.385 -0.102 -0.001
长/宽 -0.115 -0.044 -0.147 -0.000 -0.408
平均Mean 粒长 -0.278** -0.562** -0.574** -0.177** -0.661**
粒宽 -0.525** -0.551** -0.253** -0.508**
粒重 -0.841** -0.428** -0.067*
果仁重 -0.035 -0.052
果壳率 -0.046
长/宽

Table 8

Effects of the traits on fruit shell rates in F2 population"

组合
Group		 自变量
Independent
variable		 简单相关系数
Simple correlation coefficient		 直接作用
Direct effect		 间接作用Indirect effect
粒长
Grain length		 粒宽
Grain width		 粒重
Grain weight		 果仁重
Kernel weight		 长/宽
Length/Width		 合计
Total
A 粒长 0.049 1.240 0.656 0.615 0.622 0.686 2.579
粒宽 0.189 -0.777 -0.411 -0.667 -0.639 0.319 -1.398
粒重 0.298 1.037 0.514 0.890 0.962 -0.324 2.042
果仁重 -0.067 -1.207 -0.606 -0.993 -1.120 0.325 -2.394
长/宽 -0.145 -1.129 -0.624 0.463 0.352 0.304 0.495
B 粒长 0.091 0.235 0.019 -0.031 -0.033 0.101 0.056
粒宽 0.111 -0.046 -0.004 -0.031 -0.030 0.013 -0.052
粒重 0.093 4.062 -0.544 2.709 4.009 -1.162 5.012
果仁重 -0.011 -4.064 0.569 -2.686 -4.011 1.158 -4.970
长/宽 -0.010 -0.206 -0.089 0.057 0.059 0.059 0.086
C 粒长 0.169 0.181 0.130 0.105 0.090 0.030 0.355
粒宽 0.155 -0.165 -0.119 -0.108 -0.094 0.092 -0.229
粒重 0.085 2.321 1.351 1.516 2.140 -0.617 4.390
果仁重 -0.293 -2.457 -1.224 -1.393 -2.265 0.604 -4.278
长/宽 -0.007 -0.118 -0.020 0.066 0.031 0.031 0.108
平均Mean 粒长 0.077 0.041 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.030 0.049
粒宽 0.145 0.131 0.027 0.055 0.055 -0.064 0.073
粒重 0.099 4.072 0.529 1.718 4.019 -0.692 5.574
果仁重 -0.009 -4.087 -0.523 -1.708 -4.034 0.695 -5.570
长/宽 -0.030 0.002 0.001 -0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000

Table 9

Effects of correlated traits on fruit shell rates in population F3"

组合
Group		 自变量
Independent
variable		 简单相关系数
Simple correlation coefficient		 直接作用
Direct
effect		 间接作用Indirect effect
粒长
Grain length		 粒宽
Grain width		 粒重
Grain weight		 果仁重
Kernel weight		 长/宽
Length/Width		 合计
Total
A 粒长 0.049 0.047 -0.026 -0.026 -0.026 -0.026 -0.104
粒宽 0.189 -0.130 0.071 0.080 0.083 -0.077 0.157
粒重 0.298 1.846 1.008 1.137 1.643 -0.026 3.762
果仁重 -0.067 -1.874 -1.023 -1.197 -1.668 0.302 -3.586
长/宽 -0.145 -0.108 -0.059 0.064 0.002 0.017 0.024
B 粒长 0.091 0.064 0.017 0.043 0.044 0.052 0.156
粒宽 0.111 -0.024 -0.006 -0.012 -0.011 0.007 -0.022
粒重 0.093 2.565 1.742 1.262 2.370 0.764 6.138
果仁重 -0.011 -2.329 -1.593 -1.046 -2.152 -0.799 -5.590
长/宽 -0.01 -0.068 -0.056 0.021 -0.020 -0.023 -0.078
C 粒长 0.169 0.758 0.449 0.399 0.453 0.040 1.341
粒宽 0.155 -0.642 -0.380 -0.249 -0.334 0.495 -0.468
粒重 0.085 1.014 0.534 0.393 0.645 -0.076 1.496
果仁重 -0.293 -0.954 -0.57 -0.496 -0.607 0.176 -1.497
长/宽 -0.007 -0.636 -0.034 0.490 0.048 0.118 0.622
平均Mean 粒长 0.177 0.442 0.123 0.248 0.254 0.292 0.917
粒宽 0.253 -0.051 -0.014 -0.027 -0.028 0.026 -0.043
粒重 0.428 1.284 0.722 0.674 1.080 0.086 2.562
果仁重 0.035 -1.251 -0.718 -0.689 -1.052 -0.065 -2.524
长/宽 -0.046 -0.384 -0.254 0.195 -0.026 -0.020 -0.105
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