Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 80-88.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.06.011

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Influences of Various Growth Factors on Yield and Grain Quality in Wheat——Taking Zhumadian’s Wheat Production in the Past Ten Years as Example

Zhu Tongquan(), Song Quanhao, Meng Xiangfeng()   

  1. Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-03-07 Revised:2020-05-11 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Meng Xiangfeng E-mail:zmdwheat@163.com;xfm979@163.com

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Abstract:

As a major grain production region in Henan province, and even in China, wheat planting area in Zhumadian is annually more than 6.67×105 ha. To understand the influences of region climate, soil, plant diseases and pests and variety improvement on wheat yield and grain quality, and to supervise wheat production more effectively, the effects of meteorological factors, soil, diseases, pests and varieties on wheat yield and grain quality from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. The results showed: the average temperature and sunshine hours were significantly correlated with the grain yield of wheat per unit area. There was also a significant correlation between the precipitation in the growth period with the grain quality. In particular, the precipitation in May had a critical impact on the final quality of wheat grain. Under the premise of no drought stress growth condition, the reduction of precipitation and days of precipitation could improve the grain quality. The enhancement of soil nutrients could increase wheat yield. The wheat disease control area, the proportion of wheat disease control area and occurrence area were displayed a consistent tendency with the yield and quality of wheat. There was a similar variation observed between the area proportion of leading varieties with yield and grain quality.

Key words: Wheat, Yield, Quality, Climate, Soil, Diseases and pests, Improved variety

Fig.1

Relationship between precipitation and average yield per unit area"

Table 1

Correlations between precipitation in wheat growth period and yield per unit area"

年份
Year		 降水量Precipitation (mm) 光照(5月)
Sunlight
(May) (h)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
生育期
Growing stage		 播种–返青
Sowing-Return green		 返青–孕穗
Return green-Booting		 孕穗–成熟
Booting-Maturing		 5月
May
常年
Perennial		 当年
That year		 常年
Perennial		 当年
That year		 常年
Perennial		 当年
That year		 常年
Perennial		 当年
That year
2014 358.3 281.4 165.8 106.1 126.7 175.0 142.9 214.8 98.0 174.0 6 608.6
2016 358.3 368.3 165.8 150.0 126.7 137.4 142.9 174.0 107.5 150.4 6 590.9
2018 358.3 657.8 165.8 343.6 126.7 122.9 142.9 253.4 202.1 165.7 6 447.9
2019 358.3 312.6 165.8 186.7 126.7 101.9 142.9 98.7 42.9 169.6 6 754.1

Fig.2

Relationship between average temperature and average yield per unit area"

Fig.3

Relationship between sunlight time and average yield per unit area"

Table 2

Variations of climatic conditions (wheat growth period) and seed quality from 2010 to 2019"

年份
Year		 降水量Precipitation (mm) 中等麦以上
Above medium quality (%)		 容重
Bulk weight
(g/L)		 品质排序
Quality
ranking
2010 411.7 82.7 768 6
2011 136.0 93.0 780 2
2012 335.3 63.8 758 9
2013 235.0 80.4 768 7
2014 281.4 93.0 776 3
2015 291.3 90.0 771 4
2016 368.3 75.0 762 8
2017 517.0 85.0 772 5
2018 657.8 61.5 754 10
2019 312.6 97.0 784 1

Fig.4

Proportion of variation soil quality grades in Zhumadian"

Fig.5

Variation tendency of the contents of organic substance, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in surface soil"

Table 3

Occurrence and control of wheat diseases and insect pests from 2010 to 2019 ×104 hm2"

年份
Year		 纹枯病
Banded sclerotial blight		 条锈病
Yellow
rust		 叶锈病
Leaf
rust		 赤霉病
Gibberellic
disease		 叶枯病
Leaf
blight		 白粉病
Powdery mildew		 吸浆虫
Wheat
midge		 蚜虫
Aphides		 麦蜘蛛
Gree
wheat
mite		 病虫害发生总面积
Total occurrence area of pests and diseases		 病虫害防治总面积
Total control area of pests and diseases		 防治面
积占比
Control area ratio (%)
2010 46.3 11.6 8.8 41.8 27.5 8.4 20.3 46.1 22.5 367.3 321.1 87.41
2011 42.8 11.9 8.6 6.0 14.7 4.1 13.8 50.4 30.7 317.0 316.2 99.75
2012 47.1 16.0 10.1 57.8 25.8 3.2 10.1 61.0 31.3 396.5 324.6 81.86
2013 49.6 10.4 7.4 15.4 21.5 4.5 32.6 40.8 25.4 341.8 346.2 101.30
2014 41.3 9.3 6.0 33.4 23.0 4.0 11.0 41.8 22.5 326.5 392.0 120.04
2015 39.1 15.5 35.7 6.8 19.0 6.0 6.3 45.0 26.4 334.2 328.8 98.39
2016 35.2 10.1 16 45.3 17.0 7.5 6.6 25.7 21.2 319.1 306.5 96.05
2017 37.5 41.9 18.9 3.3 14.8 2.9 0.4 35.4 21.3 311.0 328.9 105.74
2018 45.2 0.5 13.3 29.0 15.6 3.5 2.0 27.8 28.4 299.7 309.9 103.39
2019 35.6 8.4 6.6 7.9 20.3 2.2 0.6 11.9 31.8 260.1 318.0 122.27
平均值
Average		 42.0 13.6 13.1 24.7 19.9 4.6 10.4 38.6 26.2 327.3 329.2 101.60

Table 4

Relationship between wheat gibberellic disease and yield in 2010-2019"

项目Item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
赤霉病发病面积
Gibberellic disease area (×104hm2)		 41.80 6.00 57.80 15.40 33.40 6.80 45.30 3.30 29.00 7.90
产量Yield (kg/hm2) 6 397.20 6 385.35 6 424.05 6 447.00 6 608.55 6 917.40 6 590.85 6 631.35 6 447.90 6 754.05
容重Bulk weight (g/L) 768.00 780.00 758.00 768.00 776.00 771.00 762.00 772.00 754.00 784.00

Fig.6

Proportion of pests and diseases to total area and average yield per unit area"

Fig.7

Relationship between control area and occurrence area of pest and disease with yield per unit area"

Fig.8

Relationship between percentage of control area of pest and disease with yield per unit area"

Fig.9

Relationship between pest and disease control and seed quality in wheat"

Fig.10

Relationship between planting area of dominant wheat cultivars with yield from 2010 to 2019"

Table 5

Ratio of dominant varieties to total sowing area with yield per unit area in 2010-2019"

项目Item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
新晋主导品种占种植面积比例
The proportion of planting area of new dominant varieties (%)		 —
 15.35
 0.00
 12.40
 5.40
 0.00
 0.00
 16.07
 0.00
 10.27
主导品种占种植面积比例
The proportion of planting area of dominant varieties (%)		 66.76
 60.43
 58.30
 66.64
 73.42
 50.11
 50.12
 63.80
 55.33
 49.56
单产排序Yield sequence 9 10 8 7 4 1 5 3 6 2
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