Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 166-171.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.025

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Effects of Paecilomyces variotii Extract on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Summer Maize

Wang Qingbin1,2(), Nie Zhentian3, Lu Jiechun2, Peng Chun’e3, Zhang Min1(), Meng Hui2, Liu Zhiguo2, Geng Quanzheng2   

  1. 1National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    3State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-09-02 Revised:2021-06-18 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Zhang Min E-mail:wangqingbin1203@163.com;minzhang2002@163.com

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Abstract:

To explore the effects of nitrogen application amount, nitrogen fertilizer types, and Paecilomyces variotii extract (ZNC) on yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE), and economic returns of summer maize, a field experiment was carried out with "Zhengdan 958" as the material and "ZNC" as plant immune inducer. The results showed that compared with nitrogen fertilizer without ZNC, nitrogen fertilizer with ZNC increased the yield of maize by 2.14%-9.00%, NUE of maize significantly increased by 11.21%-104.00%, and net profit increased by 379.05-1743.38 yuan/ha. Meanwhile, yield, NUE, and net profit of controlled-release urea with ZNC (CRUZ) treatment increased by 5.73%, 185.00%, and 1311.61 yuan/ha, respectively, compared with that of urea with ZNC. In addition, compared with conventional urea treatment, treatment with urea nitrogen reduced by 20% had no significant difference in yield when applied with ZNC but NUE, N agronomic efficiency, and N partial productivity of it increased significantly which led to the net income increased significantly by 647.89 yuan/ha. Therefore, the combination of controlled release urea with ZNC could achieve a synergistic effect on yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and net profit of summer maize while the combination of reducing 20% conventional urea with ZNC reduced the amount of fertilizer but achieved increasing production of maize.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen fertilizer, Paecilomyces variotii extract, Yield, Nitrogen utilization efficiency

Table 1

Types and dosage of fertilization in different treatments"

编号
Number		 处理
Treatment		 N（控释尿素）
N (controlled release urea) (kg/hm2)		 N（尿素）
N (urea) (kg/hm2)		 ZNC
(mg/hm2)		 P2O5
(kg/hm2)		 K2O
(kg/hm2)
CK 不施氮肥 - - - 75 150
80%U 尿素减氮20% - 180 - 75 150
80%UZ 尿素减氮20%配施ZNC - 180 375 75 150
U 常规尿素 - 225 - 75 150
UZ 常规尿素配施ZNC - 225 375 75 150
80%CRU 控释尿素减氮20% 180 - - 75 150
80%CRUZ 控释尿素减氮20%配施ZNC 180 - 375 75 150
CRU 控释尿素 225 - - 75 150
CRUZ 控释尿素配施ZNC 225 - 375 75 150

Fig.1

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with ZNC on the fresh weight of maize at flowering stage Different lowercase letters show significant difference at the level of 0.05"

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with ZNC on maize yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 穗行数
Row number per ear		 行粒数
Seed number per row		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 增产Yield increase (%)
80%U U
CK 13.80±0.35b 26.00±0.58d 32.69±1.29b 7 793.97±138.45f -14.83 -23.15
U 15.20±0.23a 29.35±0.14b 34.13±0.45ab 10 142.37±249.18bcd 10.84 -
UZ 15.07±0.27a 29.45±0.03b 35.06±0.40ab 10 359.42±154.56abc 13.21 2.14
CRU 15.33±0.74a 29.20±0.81b 35.99±0.95a 10 702.51±322.08ab 16.96 5.52
CRUZ 14.90±0.40ab 31.00±0.46a 35.63±0.49a 10 953.42±271.95a 19.70 8.00
80%U 14.60±0.53ab 27.55±0.03c 34.19±0.51ab 9 150.69±232.19e - -9.78
80%UZ 14.40±0.00ab 29.25±0.72b 35.17±1.65ab 9 974.36±168.11cd 9.00 -1.66
80%CRU 14.67±0.13ab 27.75±0.20c 35.66±0.27a 9 664.58±88.48de 5.62 -4.71
80%CRUZ 14.67±0.13ab 28.40±0.40bc 35.86±0.77a 9 940.67±30.80cd 8.63 -1.99

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with ZNC on nitrogen utilization of maize"

处理
Treatment		 氮素积累量
N accumulation (kg/hm2)		 氮素投入量
N input (kg/hm2)		 氮素利用率
N utilization efficiency (%)		 氮肥农学效率
N agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)		 氮肥偏生产力
N partial productivity (kg/kg)
CK 152.30±0.81h 0 - - -
U 190.21±0.89e 225 17.93±0.40f 10.40±0.05e 44.09±0.50f
UZ 194.75±0.88d 225 19.94±0.39e 11.46±0.10cde 46.68±0.24e
CRU 235.39±0.58b 225 37.08±0.27b 12.99±0.11b 48.86±0.60d
CRUZ 277.73±1.42a 225 56.82±0.63a 14.23±0.33a 49.87±0.24d
80%U 173.16±0.26g 180 12.93±0.14h 8.83±0.02f 52.13±0.02c
80%UZ 188.94±0.42e 180 21.70±0.23d 12.11±0.93bc 58.18±0.66a
80%CRU 178.88±0.66f 180 16.11±0.37g 10.88±0.01de 54.18±0.01b
80%CRUZ 209.14±0.08c 180 32.92±0.05c 11.90±0.05bcd 55.23±0.17b

Table 4

The effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with ZNC on maize economic benefit"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 肥料投入(元/hm2)
Fertilizer input (yuan/hm2)		 总成本(元/hm2)
Total cost (yuan/hm2)		 产值(元/hm2)
Output value (yuan/hm2)		 净收益(元/hm2)
Net profit (yuan/hm2)
CK 7 793.97±138.45f 720.12 8 720.12 12 470.36±221.52g 3 717.48±56.74i
U 10 142.37±249.18bcd 1 260.18 9 260.18 16 227.79±398.69cd 6 955.89±20.29e
UZ 10 359.42±154.56abc 1 260.18 9 260.18 16 575.08±247.30bc 7 334.94±34.72d
CRU 10 702.51±322.08ab 1 305.18 9 305.18 17 146.76±39.40ab 7 841.58±39.40b
CRUZ 10 953.42±271.95a 1 305.18 9 305.18 17 594.22±119.06a 8 646.55±87.36a
80%U 9 150.69±232.19e 1 152.15 9 152.15 15 012.55±6.29f 5 860.40±6.29h
80%UZ 9 974.36±168.11cd 1 152.15 9 152.15 16 755.92±191.14bc 7 603.78±191.14c
80%CRU 9 664.58±88.48de 1 188.15 9 188.15 15 463.32±141.57ef 6 416.71±3.21g
80%CRUZ 9 940.67±30.80cd 1 188.15 9 188.15 15 905.07±49.27de 6 716.92±49.27f
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