Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 159-165.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.024

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Quality of Cigar Leaves in Sichuan

Zhang Jiawen1(), Lu Shaohao1, Zhao Mingqin1(), Zhong Qiu2, Wang Jun2, Yi Kai2, Xiang Huan2   

  1. 1College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Deyang Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Deyang 618400, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-08-21 Revised:2020-08-29 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Zhao Mingqin E-mail:zjw960212@163.com;zhaomingqin@henau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen application rate on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism during the growth of cigar leaves and the quality of tobacco leaves after airing. Taking Dexue No.1 as the experimental material, the effects of different nitrogen application rates (120, 165 and 210kg/ha, represented in T1, T2 and T3) on the key enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and plastid pigments during cigar leaves growth, and chemical composition, physical characteristics and sensory quality of cigar leaves after airing were analyzed. The results showed that, during the growth of cigar leaves, the activities of amylase (AL), neutral invertase (NI), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and the content of starch all increased first and then decreased under different treatments, but the content of total nitrogen showed a downward trend. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, during different measurement periods, the activities of AL, NI, NR, GS and the contents of total nitrogen of tobacco leaves increased, while the starch content decreased. Compared with T1 at mature stage, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid of T3 treatment increased by 41.71% and 21.31%, respectively, which was harmful to the normal metabolism of carbon-nitrogen and tobacco maturing. The nitrogen-nicotine ratio of T2 treatment was lower and potassium-chlorine ratio was higher, and the chemical components were suitable, the pull and equilibrium moisture content were higher, the stem ratio was lower, and the physical characteristics were good, the scores of aroma quality, aroma volume and combustibility were higher, and the sensory quality was good. Therefore, the suitable nitrogen application rate for cigar leaves was determined to be 165kg/ha in Shifang, Sichuan province. It was conducive to increase the carbon and nitrogen metabolism capacity and improve the quality of cigar leaves.

Key words: Nitrogen application rate, Cigar tobacco leaves, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism, Chemical composition, Sensory quality

Fig.1

Effects of nitrogen application rates on the AL, NI, NR and GS activities in cigar leaves Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05), the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of nitrogen application rates on starch and total nitrogen contents in cigar leaves"

Table 1

Effects of nitrogen application rates on plastid pigment content in cigar leaves mg/g"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 移栽后天数Days after transplanting
40d 50d 60d 70d
叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content T1 2.82±0.11b 3.10±0.23c 2.40±0.21b 1.75±0.15b
T2 3.18±0.08a 3.64±0.18b 2.65±0.18ab 1.99±0.18b
T3 3.31±0.22a 3.76±0.22a 2.95±0.13a 2.48±0.20a
类胡萝卜素含量Carotenoid content T1 0.59±0.04b 0.90±0.03c 0.74±0.04b 0.61±0.03b
T2 0.63±0.02ab 0.99±0.03b 0.84±0.02a 0.67±0.03b
T3 0.69±0.03a 1.06±0.04a 0.90±0.05a 0.74±0.06a

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen application rates on chemical composition in cigar leaves"

处理
Treatment		 总糖
Total sugar
(%)		 还原糖
Reducing
sugar (%)		 总氮
Total nitrogen
(%)		 烟碱
Nicotine
(%)		 氯
Chlorine
(%)		 钾
Potassium
(%)		 氮碱比
Nitrogen- nicotine ratio		 钾氯比
Potassium- chlorine ratio
T1 0.80±0.02a 0.37±0.01a 3.80±0.04b 2.48±0.07c 0.52±0.04a 3.54±0.18a 1.54±0.06a 6.86±0.64a
T2 0.74±0.02b 0.35±0.02ab 3.92±0.05b 2.81±0.08b 0.54±0.04a 3.79±0.18a 1.39±0.03b 7.07±0.37a
T3 0.70±0.01b 0.33±0.03b 4.60±0.09a 3.26±0.08a 0.57±0.04a 3.43±0.16a 1.41±0.05b 6.08±0.54a

Table 3

Comparison of physical characteristics of cigar leaves under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 叶质重
Leaf weight (g/m2)		 叶厚
Leaf thickness (μm)		 拉力
Pull (N)		 含梗率
Stem ratio (%)		 平衡含水率
Equilibrium moisture content (%)
T1 21.37b 44.86c 1.27b 20.84a 13.01a
T2 23.65ab 48.27b 1.78a 16.51b 15.96a
T3 26.91a 57.04a 1.64a 18.32ab 14.62a

Table 4

Comparison of sensory quality of cigar leaves under different treatments"

处理Treatment 香气质
Quality of aroma		 香气量
Volume of aroma		 浓度
Concentration		 劲头
Momentum		 刺激性
Thrill		 杂气
Mixed gas		 余味
Aftertaste		 灰色
Ash		 燃烧性
Combustibility		 总分
Total score
T1 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.3 5.7 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.7 56.8
T2 6.3 6.6 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.6 6.2 6.6 6.9 57.8
T3 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.8 6.3 6.6 55.7
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