Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 73-79.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.011

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Preliminary Study on the Adaptation of Photosynthetic Characteristics to High Temperature at Grain Filling Stages in Different Eras Maize Varieties

Tao Zhiqiang1(), Yan Peng1, Zhang Xuepeng2   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2020-12-14 Revised:2021-02-03 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the adaptation of the photosynthetic properties of plants in the process of maize evolution at grain filling stage to high temperature stress over time in China, three main varieties of maize from three different epochs were selected which were Baidan 4 (1960s), Zhongdan 2 (1980s) and Zhengdan 958 (2000s). High temperature stress treatment at grain filling stage was formed by setting two sowing dates on April 15th and 25th, 2018. We compared the differences in relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), population leaf area index (LAI) and photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR) at the base of the population at the filling stage by using two portables photosynthetic analysers (SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and SunScan plant canopy analyzer). Moreover, the correlations between stress tolerance indices (STI) and SPAD, LAI and PAR at the base of population were analyzed. The results showed that with the development of times, the yield of the maize varieties increased gradually after they were subjected to high temperature stress during the grain filling period, STI gradually increased; and decline of SPAD value of ear leaf and LAI of population were decline, and increase of PAR at population base of maize was also reduced. STI were significantly negatively correlated with the decline of SPAD and LAI, and the increase of PAR at population base (P < 0.05). It was shown that the evolution of the maize varieties over time has improved their ability to adapt to high temperatures during the grain filling period, if the maize was exposed to a high temperature load during the grain filling, the photosynthetic capacity of individual maize leaves and the interception and utilization of photosynthetic radiation of the population in the case of new varieties are not reduced more than in the case of old varieties in order to provide sufficient photosynthesis to cover the demand of yield formation.

Key words: Maize, Evolution, Grain filling stage, Heat tolerance, Canopy

Table 1

High temperature overall situation of maize in different eras in grain filling period"

播种期（月-日）
Sowing date (month-day)		 品种
Variety		 开花后0~50d（月-日）
0-50 days after anthesis (month-day)		 ≥33℃天数
≥33℃ days (d)		 日均温
Mean day temperature (℃)
04-15 白单4号 07-03–08-23 15 28.3
中单2号 07-02–08-21 15 28.3
郑单958 06-30–08-19 15 28.3
04-25 白单4号 07-14–09-02 10 26.8
中单2号 07-12–08-31 10 26.8
郑单958 07-10–08-29 10 26.8

Fig.1

Yield and stress tolerance indices of maize varieties of different eras"

Fig.2

Ear leaves SPAD changes of maize in different treatments in grain filling period"

Fig.3

LAI changes of maize in different treatments in grain filling period"

Fig.4

PAR changes at the base of the maize population in different treatments in grain filling period"

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